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Micah Hanks Bungles Search for Pre-Columbian Elephants, Accidentally Leads Me to Fascinating Mexican Investigation of a "Giant's" Bones

10/28/2017

4 Comments

 
​This week offers us a second round of Micah Hanks’s efforts to imitate what I do in investigating ancient mysteries. Earlier this week we saw him try and fail to explore the “telescopes” of the ancient world, and now we can watch him try to examine whether there were elephants in pre-Columbian America. If the latter claim sounds familiar, it’s because it’s a very old one, born hundreds of years ago, popularized in the Victorian period, and copied by innumerable fringe historians, creationists, and Mormon apologists ever since. His evidence, as you would expect, is somewhat disappointing. However, in his lazy reliance on secondary material, he accidentally uncovered a fascinating case study in how science is distorted by the media and new proof that “giants” are often misidentified megafauna fossils. Of course Hanks completely missed the real story in his simplistic pursuit of typical fringe material. 
​Hanks begins his article by quoting a 1903 hoax newspaper article later republished in the November-December 1903 edition of the American Antiquarian and Oriental Journal. The story, which claims that a lost city destroyed by a massive flood had been found in the deserts of northern Mexico, added the ridiculous detail that the city was filled with elephants whose tusks were inlaid with silver. The story first ran in the New York Herald in the fall of 1903. Some relevant highlights:
Portions of buildings so far unearthed show that the city — at least the largest of the cities that were covered by the debris of the flood, there being at least three cities destroyed — was very extensive. The indications are that there were many massive structures in the city and that they were of a class of architecture not to be found elsewhere in Mexico.
 
According to the estimates of the scientists under whose directions the excavations are being made, the city in question had a population of at least 50,000.
 
The destruction wrought by the flood was complete. Skeletons of the human inhabitants and of the animals are strewn all through the debris. Measurements show that the debris is on an average sixty feet deep where the largest of the cities stood.
 
Most remarkable of the minor finds made at Paradon is that of the remains of elephants. Never before in the history of Mexico has it been ascertained positively that elephants were ever in the service of the inhabitants.
​Hanks correctly notes that the story is likely a fake, but rather than investigate it, he lazily attributes it to a “liar’s club.” The real story is so much more interesting because it is based on a very small grain of truth, one that Hanks missed because he didn’t bother to try to track down the real facts.
 
More specifically, the claim passed under the name of “Dr. Nicholas Leon,” described as an archaeologist. Surprisingly, he was an actual real person, Dr. Nicolás León, who was indeed a researcher in Mexico and the head of the Museo Michoacano (Mexican Museum), and who had published scientific literature about Mexican archaeology, geography, and linguistics. Just before the news article was published, León released a book whose title translates to A Compendium of the General History of Mexico, from Prehistoric Times to the Year 1900. In it, he describes species of extinct elephant—the mammoth and the mastodon—whose remains, he said, were often mistaken for the bones of giants. Shortly after, he went in search of a giant at the behest of the Mexican government.
 
In 1903 he had actually done some work in the area around Paredon, Coahuila (specifically in Ramos Arizpe), where the cities were supposedly found, and he had reported that bones that the locals thought were human were actually those of extinct prehistoric elephants. The Mexican government had appointed him to a commission to investigate reports from locals that the bones of a giant were sticking out of a cliff.
 
I learned of this first from easily locatable secondary sources, albeit in Spanish. According to a much later report from 1927, bones were found “in the Paredon region, and the bones that were found were identified as elephant tusks deposited in alluvial lands.” The area is well known, even today, for its rich fossil deposits. The 1927 text, and a similar two from 1976 and 1984, all refer back to work that León had published in the early 1900s, when he investigated reports of “human” bones unearthed in a deposit at Ramos Arizpe that turned out to be two elephant tusks. This would have been enough to understand what went wrong, but you know that I don’t like to leave things with secondary sources if I can help it.
 
Just because I’m obsessive about tracking primary sources, I used the notes from those subsequent accounts to track down León’s account, submitted in August 1903 and published in October 1903:
The collapse of a portion of the wall of the ravine that faces north-west revealed parts of a gigantic skeleton supposed to be human, but the only object that led the Commission to explore this land opened by an act of nature was precisely the resolution of this problem. Indeed, in the indicated place could be seen two large bones solidly embedded in the sediment of that wall; each one placed parallel in a vertical position, maintaining a distance of 40 centimeters between one another; they had been mistaken for two humerus bones that presented only their back faces; they were located about 8 meters above the water and 14 meters below the bank or edge of the ravine. It was sufficient for the Commission to make a brief examination to ascertain that they were two perfectly fossilized tusks or defenses of elephants of regular size. (my trans.; emphasis in original)
​I posted a translation of the full text in my Library. I believe it is the first translation ever published, and, so far as I can tell, the first time in 114 years that anyone in the English-speaking world checked the source of the newspaper story.
 
I think there is enough here to see the outlines of what happened. The Commission did its job, and wild rumors and exaggerations turned two elephant tusks into a lost city of giant humans from before the Flood. The word “Paredon,” means “wall,” and the claim of a “city” or “cities” comes out of the fact that the ravine where the bones were uncovered looked like the walls of a massive building.
 
It is so rare that we have the original scientific report and the bonkers sensational media account of it to compare, and this is a fascinating case study in how sensationalism, fantasy, and lies combined to turn a mundane situation—locals mistook megafauna bones for those of a human giant—and turned it into something outrageous.
 
So, one might ask, why was Micah Hanks unaware of this? I wonder whether he even read the original primary sources or if he simply borrowed the story from its reprinted versions, taken from the American Antiquarian, in the works of William Corliss, Zecharia Sitchin, or Mormon apologists.
 
It’s an important lesson: Don’t trust newspaper and magazine stories, and even when you are attempting to debunk them, don’t do so by wildly guessing about “liar’s clubs” and other nonsense before actually doing the damned research to get to the bottom of things. In other words, Micah, this is how you actually investigate a mystery, and solve one.
 
The rest of Hanks’s evidence rests on the credibility of the dubious Davenport Elephant Pipes, some elephant-shaped artifacts uncovered in the nineteenth century and widely believed then and now to be hoaxes. Some of the hoaxers confessed many decades later. 
4 Comments
Only Me
10/28/2017 12:13:21 pm

That was a really good article on the Davenport elephant pipes. The discovery of tablets by Rev. Gass sounded familiar. I can't remember if you already discussed them in an earlier post or not. Guess I'll look around.

What bothers me is how superficial fringe research is, but many accept it anyway. The fringe never seems to learn that you should take everything with a grain of salt.

Reply
Graham
10/29/2017 03:23:50 am

Sadly it will be disappearing soon, as I have heard that scienceblogs is going to be shutting down entirely soon.

Jason, with regards what you have found, I think this is worthy of an episode of the Archaeology Fantasies podcast, a more clear example of the interaction between the early archaeology community, the mass media and fringe archaeology I cannot find.

Reply
Cesar
10/28/2017 03:10:38 pm

The elephant pipes seem to show tapirs.

“The American tapir is seen occasionally on the banks of the Mississippi”.

Mary Roberts, Animal and Vegetable Productions of America in The Church of England Magazine Vol. XX January to June,1846, p. 14.

Reply
bear47
10/28/2017 04:41:04 pm

Jason,
Thank you very much for your work of translating so much information and for posting it all to your library. You are an excellent source of real information.

Reply

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    • Television Reviews >
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      • Rob Riggle: Global Investigator
    • Book Reviews
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      • Ancient Civilizations >
        • Ancient Egypt
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    • Collection: Ancient Alien Fraud >
      • Chariots of the Gods at 50
      • Secret History of Ancient Astronauts
      • Of Atlantis and Aliens
      • Aliens and Ancient Texts
      • Profiles in Ancient Astronautics >
        • Erich von Däniken
        • Robert Temple
        • Giorgio Tsoukalos
        • David Childress
      • Blunders in the Sky
      • The Case of the False Quotes
      • Alternative Authors' Quote Fraud
      • David Childress & the Aliens
      • Faking Ancient Art in Uzbekistan
      • Intimations of Persecution
      • Zecharia Sitchin's World
      • Jesus' Alien Ancestors?
      • Extraterrestrial Evolution?
    • Collection: Skeptic Magazine >
      • America Before Review
      • Native American Discovery of Europe
      • Interview: Scott Sigler
      • Golden Fleeced
      • Oh the Horror
      • Discovery of America
      • Supernatural Television
      • Review of Civilization One
      • Who Lost the Middle Ages
      • Charioteer of the Gods
    • Collection: Ancient History >
      • Prehistoric Nuclear War
      • The China Syndrome
      • Atlantis, Mu, and the Maya
      • Easter Island Exposed
      • Who Built the Sphinx?
      • Who Built the Great Pyramid?
      • Archaeological Cover Up?
    • Collection: The Lovecraft Legacy >
      • Pauwels, Bergier, and Lovecraft
      • Lovecraft in Bergier
      • Lovecraft and Scientology
    • Collection: UFOs >
      • Alien Abduction at the Outer Limits
      • Aliens and Anal Probes
      • Ultra-Terrestrials and UFOs
      • Rebels, Queers, and Aliens
    • Scholomance: The Devil's School
    • Prehistory of Chupacabra
    • The Templars, the Holy Grail, & Henry Sinclair
    • Magicians of the Gods Review
    • The Curse of the Pharaohs
    • The Antediluvian Pyramid Myth
    • Whitewashing American Prehistory
  • The Library
    • Ancient Mysteries >
      • Ancient Texts >
        • Mesopotamian Texts >
          • Atrahasis Epic
          • Epic of Gilgamesh
          • Kutha Creation Legend
          • Babylonian Creation Myth
          • Descent of Ishtar
          • Berossus
          • Comparison of Antediluvian Histories
        • Egyptian Texts >
          • The Shipwrecked Sailor
          • Dream Stela of Thutmose IV
          • The Papyrus of Ani
          • Classical Accounts of the Pyramids
          • Inventory Stela
          • Manetho
          • Eratosthenes' King List
          • The Story of Setna
          • Leon of Pella
          • Diodorus on Egyptian History
          • On Isis and Osiris
          • Famine Stela
          • Old Egyptian Chronicle
          • The Book of Sothis
          • Horapollo
          • Al-Maqrizi's King List
        • Hermetica >
          • The Three Hermeses
          • Kore Kosmou
          • Corpus Hermeticum
          • The Asclepius
          • The Emerald Tablet
          • Hermetic Fragments
          • Prologue to the Kyranides
          • The Secret of Creation
          • Ancient Alphabets Explained
          • Prologue to Ibn Umayl's Silvery Water
          • Book of the 24 Philosophers
          • Aurora of the Philosophers
        • Hesiod's Theogony
        • Periplus of Hanno
        • Ctesias' Indica
        • Sanchuniathon
        • Sima Qian
        • Syncellus's Enoch Fragments
        • The Book of Enoch
        • Slavonic Enoch
        • Sepher Yetzirah
        • Tacitus' Germania
        • De Dea Syria
        • Aelian's Various Histories
        • Julius Africanus' Chronography
        • Eusebius' Chronicle
        • Ancient Chinese Automaton
        • The Orphic Argonautica
        • Fragments of Panodorus
        • Annianus on the Watchers
        • The Watchers and Antediluvian Wisdom
      • Medieval Texts >
        • Medieval Legends of Ancient Egypt >
          • Medieval Pyramid Lore
          • John Malalas on Ancient Egypt
          • Fragments of Abenephius
          • Akhbar al-zaman
          • Ibrahim ibn Wasif Shah
          • Murtada ibn al-‘Afif
          • Al-Maqrizi on the Pyramids
          • Al-Suyuti on the Pyramids
        • The Hunt for Noah's Ark
        • Isidore of Seville
        • Book of Liang: Fusang
        • Agobard on Magonia
        • Book of Thousands
        • Voyage of Saint Brendan
        • Power of Art and of Nature
        • Travels of Sir John Mandeville
        • Yazidi Revelation and Black Book
        • Al-Biruni on the Great Flood
        • Voyage of the Zeno Brothers
        • The Kensington Runestone (Hoax)
        • Islamic Discovery of America
        • The Aztec Creation Myth
      • Lost Civilizations >
        • Atlantis >
          • Plato's Atlantis Dialogues >
            • Timaeus
            • Critias
          • Fragments on Atlantis
          • Panchaea: The Other Atlantis
          • Eumalos on Atlantis (Hoax)
          • Gómara on Atlantis
          • Sardinia and Atlantis
          • Santorini and Atlantis
          • Donnelly's Atlantis
          • Atlantis in Morocco
          • Atlantis and the Sea Peoples
          • W. Scott-Elliot >
            • The Story of Atlantis
            • The Lost Lemuria
          • The Lost Atlantis
          • Atlantis in Africa
          • How I Found Atlantis (Hoax)
          • Termier on Atlantis
          • The Critias and Minoan Crete
          • Rebuttal to Termier
          • Further Responses to Termier
          • Flinders Petrie on Atlantis
        • Lost Cities >
          • Miscellaneous Lost Cities
          • The Seven Cities
          • The Lost City of Paititi
          • Manuscript 512
          • The Idolatrous City of Iximaya (Hoax)
          • The 1885 Moberly Lost City Hoax
          • The Elephants of Paredon (Hoax)
        • OOPARTs
        • Oronteus Finaeus Antarctica Map
        • Caucasians in Panama
        • Jefferson's Excavation
        • Fictitious Discoveries in America
        • Against Diffusionism
        • Tunnels Under Peru
        • Mound Builders
        • Tales of Enchanted Islands
        • The 1907 Ancient World Map Hoax
        • The 1909 Grand Canyon Hoax
        • The Interglacial Period
        • Solving Oak Island
      • Ancient Extraterrestrials >
        • Premodern UFO Sightings
        • The Moon Hoax
        • Inhabitants of Other Planets
        • Blavatsky on Ancient Astronauts
        • The Stanzas of Dzyan (Hoax)
        • Aerolites and Religion
        • A Message from Mars
        • What Is Theosophy?
        • Plane of Ether
        • The Adepts from Venus
        • Saucer Mystery Solved?
      • Religious Conspiracies >
        • Pantera, Father of Jesus?
        • Toledot Yeshu
        • Peter of les Vaux-de-Cernay on Cathars
        • Testimony of Jean de Châlons
        • Rosslyn Chapel and the 'Prentice's Pillar
        • The Many Wives of Jesus
        • Templar Infiltration of Labor
        • Louis Martin & the Holy Bloodline
        • The Life of St. Issa (Hoax)
        • On the Person of Jesus Christ
      • Giants in the Earth >
        • Fossil Origins of Myths >
          • Fossil Teeth and Bones of Elephants
          • Fossil Elephants
          • Fossil Bones of Teutobochus
          • Fossil Mammoths and Giants
          • Giants' Bones Dug Out of the Earth
          • Fossils and the Supernatural
          • Fossils, Myth, and Pseudo-History
          • Man During the Stone Age
          • Fossil Bones and Giants
          • Mastodon, Mammoth, and Man
          • American Elephant Myths
          • The Mammoth and the Flood
          • Fossils and Myth
          • Fossil Origin of the Cyclops
        • Fragments on Giants
        • Geoffrey on British Giants
        • Alfonso X's Hermetic History of Giants
        • Boccaccio and the Fossil 'Giant'
        • Book of Howth
        • Purchas His Pilgrimage
        • Edmond Temple's 1827 Giant Investigation
        • The Giants of Sardinia
        • Giants and the Sons of God
        • The Magnetism of Evil
        • Tertiary Giants
        • Smithsonian Giant Reports
        • Early American Giants
        • The Giant of Coahuila
        • Jewish Encyclopedia on Giants
        • Index of Giants
        • Newspaper Accounts of Giants
        • Lanier's A Book of Giants
      • Science and History >
        • Halley on Noah's Comet
        • The Newport Tower
        • Iron: The Stone from Heaven
        • Pyramid Facts and Fancies
        • Argonauts before Homer
        • The Deluge
        • Crown Prince Rudolf on the Pyramids
        • Old Mythology in New Apparel
        • Blavatsky on Dinosaurs
        • Teddy Roosevelt on Bigfoot
        • Devil Worship in France
        • Maspero's Review of Akhbar al-zaman
        • The Holy Grail as Lucifer's Crown Jewel
        • The Mutinous Sea
        • The Rock Wall of Rockwall
        • Fabulous Zoology
        • The Origins of Talos
        • Mexican Mythology
        • Chinese Pyramids
        • Maqrizi's Names of the Pharaohs
      • Extreme History >
        • American Antiquities
        • American Cataclysms
        • England, the Remnant of Judah
        • Historical Chronology of the Mexicans
        • Maspero on the Predynastic Sphinx
        • Vestiges of the Mayas
        • Ragnarok: The Age of Fire and Gravel
        • Origins of the Egyptian People
        • The Secret Doctrine >
          • Volume 1: Cosmogenesis
          • Volume 2: Anthropogenesis
        • Phoenicians in America
        • Traces of European Influence
        • Prince Henry Sinclair
        • Pyramid Prophecies
        • Templars of Ancient Mexico
        • Chronology and the "Riddle of the Sphinx"
        • The Faith of Ancient Egypt
        • Spirit of the Hour in Archaeology
        • Book of the Damned
        • Great Pyramid As Noah's Ark
        • Richard Shaver's Proofs
    • US Government Ancient Astronaut Files >
      • Fortean Society and Columbus
      • Inquiry into Shaver and Palmer
      • Whirling Wheels
      • Denver Ancient Astronaut Lecture
      • Soviet Search for Lemuria
      • Visitors from Outer Space
      • Unidentified Flying Objects (Abstract)
      • "Flying Saucers"? They're a Myth
      • UFO Hypothesis Survival Questions
      • The Condon Report on Ancient Astronauts
      • Atlantis Discovery Telegrams
      • Ancient Astronaut Society Telegram
      • Noah's Ark Cables
      • The Von Daniken Letter
      • CIA Psychic Probe of Ancient Mars
      • Scott Wolter Lawsuit
      • UFOs in Ancient China
      • CIA Report on Noah's Ark
      • CIA Noah's Ark Memos
      • Congressional Ancient Aliens Testimony
      • Ancient Astronaut and Nibiru Email
      • Congressional Ancient Mars Hearing
    • The Supernatural >
      • The Devils of Loudun
      • Sublime and Beautiful
      • Voltaire on Vampires
      • Demonology and Witchcraft
      • Thaumaturgia
      • Bulgarian Vampires
      • Religion and Evolution
      • Transylvanian Superstitions
      • Defining a Zombie
      • Dread of the Supernatural
      • Vampires
      • Werewolves and Vampires and Ghouls
      • Science and Fairy Stories
    • Classic Fiction >
      • Lucian's True History
      • Some Words with a Mummy
      • The Coming Race
      • King Solomon's Mines
      • An Inhabitant of Carcosa
      • The Xipéhuz
      • Lot No. 249
      • The Novel of the Black Seal
      • The Island of Doctor Moreau
      • Pharaoh's Curse
      • Edison's Conquest of Mars
      • The Lost Continent
      • Count Magnus
      • The Wendigo
      • Sredni Vashtar
      • The Lost World
      • The Red One
      • H. P. Lovecraft >
        • Dagon
        • The Call of Cthulhu
        • History of the Necronomicon
        • At the Mountains of Madness
        • Lovecraft's Library in 1932
      • The Skeptical Poltergeist
      • The Corpse on the Grating
      • The Second Satellite
      • Queen of the Black Coast
    • Classic Genre Movies
    • Miscellaneous Documents >
      • The Balloon-Hoax
      • A Problem in Greek Ethics
      • The Migration of Symbols
      • The Gospel of Intensity
      • De Profundis
      • The Life and Death of Crown Prince Rudolf
      • Crown Prince Rudolf's Letters
      • Position of Viking Women
    • Free Classic Pseudohistory eBooks
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