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The Library
Chronography

Panodorus
c. 412 CE

trans. in the Popular Biblical Educator
1855




​
NOTE
Panodorus was a Christian monk in Byzantine Alexandria in the early fifth century CE, a biographical sketch of whom I have included below from the Dictionary of Christian Biography. He wrote an influential world chronicle covering history from the creation to the death of the bishop Theophilus in 412 CE. This chronicle, which survives only in a handful of references in the ninth century chronicle of George Syncellus, was particularly important because it was the first to incorporate the Watchers from 1 Enoch into a chronology of world history and to use them to harmonize Christian, Egyptian, and Babylonian chronologies. The chronicle of Panodorus served as the basis for that of Annianus, which was a key source for Arab-Islamic writers, influencing medieval Hermetic and pyramid mythology, through which its influence continues to be felt today.

The fragments below represent what survives of the antediluvian sections of the chronicle of Panodorus, which, to judge by the fragments of Annianus, also included excerpts from the Book of Enoch and other key sources as part of a complex and lengthy historical narrative. Sadly, medieval people did not care much for length and preserved little of the text.

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PANODORUS, an Egyptian chronologer, who wrote at the beginning of the 5th century. He is almost exclusively known to us through the use made of his work by Georgius Syncellus, who states (p. 617, 18, Bonn edition) that Panodorus was an Egyptian monk who flourished in the reign of Arcadius (A.D. 395-408), and in the episcopate of Theophilus, the 22nd bishop of Alexandria, who died A.D. 412. Syncellus usually names Panodorus in company with another Egyptian monk and chronologer, Anianus; and states (pp. 61, 3; 62, 2) that the two were contemporary. He describes (62, 18) the work of Anianus as the more concise, and as agreeing with the tradition of the apostles and holy fathers. It contained Easter tables in 11 cycles of 532 years each, and probably contained little more than historical notes accompanying these tables. It placed the Incarnation on the 25th March at the end of the year of the world 5500, the same day being set down for the date of the Creation and of the Resurrection. The work of Panodorus on the other hand was fuller and more various, and exhibited greater knowledge of profane writers. He counted the years before the Incarnation as 5493 years instead of 5500. Unger has given reasons for concluding that the date of the death of the bishop Theophilus, which Syncellus quotes anonymously (p. 59, 5), was really taken from the work of Anianus. This work therefore must have been later than 612; and therefore the work of Panodorus, written in the reign of Arcadius, must have been the earlier of the two. The sources whence Panodorus chiefly derived his profane history were the works of Africanus, of Eusebius, and of Dexippus. Panodorus frequently criticizes Eusebius with great severity. A list of the principal points on which he founds censure will be found in the work from which most information about Panodorus can be obtained, viz. Gelzer’s Sextus Julius Africanus und die Byzantinische Chronographie. Panodorus shows great interest both in Egyptian and in Chaldee learning, which he endeavours to harmonize with the scriptures, reconciling the long Chaldee chronology with the shorter chronology of the Hebrews, by the hypothesis that the Chaldee years were only days. Gelzer imagines that Panodorus was one of the Neo-Platonists who, by the end of the 4th century, had made their peace with the church, and who strove to incorporate with Christianity some of the ancient learning, on which they set the highest value.
-- George Salmon, Dictionary of Christian Biography​

The Antediluvian Fragments of Panodorus’ World Chronicle

Excerpt 1
From Syncellus, Chronicle 41-42

After speaking of the mode of interpreting the books of Hermes, Manetho proceeds to give an account of the five Egyptian races which reigned in thirty dynasties, viz. those styled by them Gods and Demigods, and the Manes and the Mortals. Of these Eusebius Pamphilus also makes mention in his chronicle, where he speaks thus: ‘The Egyptians spin a long and foolish mythological story concerning their Gods and Demigods, and besides these, the Manes and other Mortal kings. For the most ancient of these kings used to call mouths consisting of thirty days, years; and the demigods after these used to style seasons of three months, years.’ This is what Eusebius has very properly written in censure of the vain tales of the Egyptians, and Panodorus had no right, as I think, to take him to task for being at a loss how to elucidate the sense of their historians, which he flatters himself he is able to explain thus: ‘From the creation of Adam,’ he says, ‘to Enoch,’ which, as we say, was the common year of the world, 1286, ‘men knew not the number of the days of either the mouth or the year. But the Egregori,’ who, as we affirm, descended upon earth and began to converse with men in the common year of the world, 1000, ‘taught them concerning the orbits of the two luminaries, and their division into the twelve signs of the zodiac and into three hundred and sixty degrees. But men fixing their attention upon the lunar orbit of about thirty days, as being the lesser and the nearer to the earth of the two, as well as the more obvious one, determined to make this the measure of their year, pitching upon this instead of the solar orbit, which is also completed in twelve signs and three hundred and sixty equal degrees. Whence it came to pass that the reigns of the gods who reigned amongst them through six races and as many dynasties, are numbered in years consisting of lunar revolutions of about thirty days. The sum of these month-years which they make is 11,985, which come to 969 solar years. When you have added these to the 1,058 years which elapsed before the beginning of the kingdom of which the Egyptians speak, you obtain the sum of 2,027 years.’
 
In like manner, Panodorus is at the pains to extract 214½ years out of the 858 three-monthly seasons of the nine demigods arranged in two dynasties; I mean those imaginary demigods; as though, forsooth, they were not imaginary. Accordingly, with the 969 years, the sum of 1,183½ years is made up, which, being themselves added to the 1,058 years interposed between Adam and the reign of the gods, fill up the space of 2,242 years to the Deluge.
 
In this way, then, Panodorus endeavours to demonstrate that the Egyptian books, which are quite at issue with our inspired and sacred books, may be reconciled with them, passing censure upon Eusebius. But he has overlooked the fact that he himself has attempted to establish against himself and against the truth these accounts, which cannot be clearly demonstrated by any process of reasoning. For neither had Babylon and Chaldea any kings before the Deluge, nor Egypt before Mizraim, nor, as I think, was it inhabited at all before that time.
 
Excerpt 2
Syncellus, Chronicle 18
​

Manetho, the Sebennyte priest of the polluted rites of Egypt, who lived after Berosus under Ptolemy Philadelphia, weaving together lies, like Berosus, writes to this Ptolemy concerning six dynasties, or concerning seven (six) gods who never existed, who, he says, reigned 11,985 years. The first of them, the god Hephaestus, reigned 9,000 years. But these 9,000 years some of our historians (i. e. Panodorus and his emulators), reckoning as so many lunar months, and dividing the number of days which are contained in these 9,000 months by 365, the number of days in a solar year, obtain thus 727¾ years, and in this way they flatter themselves that they have made a grand discovery, whereas they have only attempted to blend with the truth a lie which deserves to be received with nothing better than laughter.
​SIX DYNASTIES OF GODS. 
YEARS.
1. Hephaestus, reigned first over the Egyptians
​727¾ 
2. Helios, the son of Hephaestus
80 1/6​
3. Agathodaemon
​56 7/12
4. Cronus
40 1/12
5. Osiris and Isis
35
6. Typhon
​29
TOTAL
969
​TWO DYNASTIES OF DEMIGODS.
​YEARS.
7. Orus
25
​8. Ares 
23
​9. Anubis 
17
​10. Heracles 
15
​11. Apollo 
​25
​12. Ammon 
30
​13. Tithoes 
27
​14. Sosus 
32
​15. Zeus 
20
TOTAL
​214
Back
Source: "Biblical Chronology: Period I: From the Creation to the Deluge," Popular Biblical Educator, vol. 2 (London: John Cassell, 1830), 202-203.
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    • Collection: The Lovecraft Legacy >
      • Pauwels, Bergier, and Lovecraft
      • Lovecraft in Bergier
      • Lovecraft and Scientology
    • Collection: UFOs >
      • Alien Abduction at the Outer Limits
      • Aliens and Anal Probes
      • Ultra-Terrestrials and UFOs
      • Rebels, Queers, and Aliens
    • Scholomance: The Devil's School
    • Prehistory of Chupacabra
    • The Templars, the Holy Grail, & Henry Sinclair
    • Magicians of the Gods Review
    • The Curse of the Pharaohs
    • The Antediluvian Pyramid Myth
    • Whitewashing American Prehistory
    • James Dean's Cursed Porsche
  • The Library
    • Ancient Mysteries >
      • Ancient Texts >
        • Mesopotamian Texts >
          • Atrahasis Epic
          • Epic of Gilgamesh
          • Kutha Creation Legend
          • Babylonian Creation Myth
          • Descent of Ishtar
          • Berossus
          • Comparison of Antediluvian Histories
        • Egyptian Texts >
          • The Shipwrecked Sailor
          • Dream Stela of Thutmose IV
          • The Papyrus of Ani
          • Classical Accounts of the Pyramids
          • Inventory Stela
          • Manetho
          • Eratosthenes' King List
          • The Story of Setna
          • Leon of Pella
          • Diodorus on Egyptian History
          • On Isis and Osiris
          • Famine Stela
          • Old Egyptian Chronicle
          • The Book of Sothis
          • Horapollo
          • Al-Maqrizi's King List
        • Teshub and the Dragon
        • Hermetica >
          • The Three Hermeses
          • Kore Kosmou
          • Corpus Hermeticum
          • The Asclepius
          • The Emerald Tablet
          • Hermetic Fragments
          • Prologue to the Kyranides
          • The Secret of Creation
          • Ancient Alphabets Explained
          • Prologue to Ibn Umayl's Silvery Water
          • Book of the 24 Philosophers
          • Aurora of the Philosophers
        • Hesiod's Theogony
        • Periplus of Hanno
        • Ctesias' Indica
        • Sanchuniathon
        • Sima Qian
        • Syncellus's Enoch Fragments
        • The Book of Enoch
        • Slavonic Enoch
        • Sepher Yetzirah
        • Tacitus' Germania
        • De Dea Syria
        • Aelian's Various Histories
        • Julius Africanus' Chronography
        • Eusebius' Chronicle
        • Chinese Accounts of Rome
        • Ancient Chinese Automaton
        • The Orphic Argonautica
        • Fragments of Panodorus
        • Annianus on the Watchers
        • The Watchers and Antediluvian Wisdom
      • Medieval Texts >
        • Medieval Legends of Ancient Egypt >
          • Medieval Pyramid Lore
          • John Malalas on Ancient Egypt
          • Fragments of Abenephius
          • Akhbar al-zaman
          • Ibrahim ibn Wasif Shah
          • Murtada ibn al-‘Afif
          • Al-Maqrizi on the Pyramids
          • Al-Suyuti on the Pyramids
        • The Hunt for Noah's Ark
        • Isidore of Seville
        • Book of Liang: Fusang
        • Agobard on Magonia
        • Book of Thousands
        • Voyage of Saint Brendan
        • Power of Art and of Nature
        • Travels of Sir John Mandeville
        • Yazidi Revelation and Black Book
        • Al-Biruni on the Great Flood
        • Voyage of the Zeno Brothers
        • The Kensington Runestone (Hoax)
        • Islamic Discovery of America
        • The Aztec Creation Myth
      • Lost Civilizations >
        • Atlantis >
          • Plato's Atlantis Dialogues >
            • Timaeus
            • Critias
          • Fragments on Atlantis
          • Panchaea: The Other Atlantis
          • Eumalos on Atlantis (Hoax)
          • Gómara on Atlantis
          • Sardinia and Atlantis
          • Santorini and Atlantis
          • The Mound Builders and Atlantis
          • Donnelly's Atlantis
          • Atlantis in Morocco
          • Atlantis and the Sea Peoples
          • W. Scott-Elliot >
            • The Story of Atlantis
            • The Lost Lemuria
          • The Lost Atlantis
          • Atlantis in Africa
          • How I Found Atlantis (Hoax)
          • Termier on Atlantis
          • The Critias and Minoan Crete
          • Rebuttal to Termier
          • Further Responses to Termier
          • Flinders Petrie on Atlantis
        • Lost Cities >
          • Miscellaneous Lost Cities
          • The Seven Cities
          • The Lost City of Paititi
          • Manuscript 512
          • The Idolatrous City of Iximaya (Hoax)
          • The 1885 Moberly Lost City Hoax
          • The Elephants of Paredon (Hoax)
        • OOPARTs
        • Oronteus Finaeus Antarctica Map
        • Caucasians in Panama
        • Jefferson's Excavation
        • Fictitious Discoveries in America
        • Against Diffusionism
        • Tunnels Under Peru
        • The Parahyba Inscription (Hoax)
        • Mound Builders
        • Gunung Padang
        • Tales of Enchanted Islands
        • The 1907 Ancient World Map Hoax
        • The 1909 Grand Canyon Hoax
        • The Interglacial Period
        • Solving Oak Island
      • Religious Conspiracies >
        • Pantera, Father of Jesus?
        • Toledot Yeshu
        • Peter of les Vaux-de-Cernay on Cathars
        • Testimony of Jean de Châlons
        • Rosslyn Chapel and the 'Prentice's Pillar
        • The Many Wives of Jesus
        • Templar Infiltration of Labor
        • Louis Martin & the Holy Bloodline
        • The Life of St. Issa (Hoax)
        • On the Person of Jesus Christ
      • Giants in the Earth >
        • Fossil Origins of Myths >
          • Fossil Teeth and Bones of Elephants
          • Fossil Elephants
          • Fossil Bones of Teutobochus
          • Fossil Mammoths and Giants
          • Giants' Bones Dug Out of the Earth
          • Fossils and the Supernatural
          • Fossils, Myth, and Pseudo-History
          • Man During the Stone Age
          • Fossil Bones and Giants
          • American Elephant Myths
          • The Mammoth and the Flood
          • Fossils and Myth
          • Fossil Origin of the Cyclops
          • Mastodon, Mammoth, and Man
        • Fragments on Giants
        • Manichaean Book of Giants
        • Geoffrey on British Giants
        • Alfonso X's Hermetic History of Giants
        • Boccaccio and the Fossil 'Giant'
        • Book of Howth
        • Purchas His Pilgrimage
        • Edmond Temple's 1827 Giant Investigation
        • The Giants of Sardinia
        • Giants and the Sons of God
        • The Magnetism of Evil
        • Tertiary Giants
        • Smithsonian Giant Reports
        • Early American Giants
        • The Giant of Coahuila
        • Jewish Encyclopedia on Giants
        • Index of Giants
        • Newspaper Accounts of Giants
        • Lanier's A Book of Giants
      • Science and History >
        • Halley on Noah's Comet
        • The Newport Tower
        • Iron: The Stone from Heaven
        • Ararat and the Ark
        • Pyramid Facts and Fancies
        • Argonauts before Homer
        • The Deluge
        • Crown Prince Rudolf on the Pyramids
        • Old Mythology in New Apparel
        • Blavatsky on Dinosaurs
        • Teddy Roosevelt on Bigfoot
        • Devil Worship in France
        • Maspero's Review of Akhbar al-zaman
        • The Holy Grail as Lucifer's Crown Jewel
        • The Mutinous Sea
        • The Rock Wall of Rockwall
        • Fabulous Zoology
        • The Origins of Talos
        • Mexican Mythology
        • Chinese Pyramids
        • Maqrizi's Names of the Pharaohs
      • Extreme History >
        • Roman Empire Hoax
        • American Antiquities
        • American Cataclysms
        • England, the Remnant of Judah
        • Historical Chronology of the Mexicans
        • Maspero on the Predynastic Sphinx
        • Vestiges of the Mayas
        • Ragnarok: The Age of Fire and Gravel
        • Origins of the Egyptian People
        • The Secret Doctrine >
          • Volume 1: Cosmogenesis
          • Volume 2: Anthropogenesis
        • Phoenicians in America
        • The Electric Ark
        • Traces of European Influence
        • Prince Henry Sinclair
        • Pyramid Prophecies
        • Templars of Ancient Mexico
        • Chronology and the "Riddle of the Sphinx"
        • The Faith of Ancient Egypt
        • Spirit of the Hour in Archaeology
        • Book of the Damned
        • Great Pyramid As Noah's Ark
        • Richard Shaver's Proofs
    • Alien Encounters >
      • US Government Ancient Astronaut Files >
        • Fortean Society and Columbus
        • Inquiry into Shaver and Palmer
        • The Skyfort Document
        • Whirling Wheels
        • Denver Ancient Astronaut Lecture
        • Soviet Search for Lemuria
        • Visitors from Outer Space
        • Unidentified Flying Objects (Abstract)
        • "Flying Saucers"? They're a Myth
        • UFO Hypothesis Survival Questions
        • Air Force Academy UFO Textbook
        • The Condon Report on Ancient Astronauts
        • Atlantis Discovery Telegrams
        • Ancient Astronaut Society Telegram
        • Noah's Ark Cables
        • The Von Daniken Letter
        • CIA Psychic Probe of Ancient Mars
        • Scott Wolter Lawsuit
        • UFOs in Ancient China
        • CIA Report on Noah's Ark
        • CIA Noah's Ark Memos
        • Congressional Ancient Aliens Testimony
        • Ancient Astronaut and Nibiru Email
        • Congressional Ancient Mars Hearing
        • House UFO Hearing
      • Ancient Extraterrestrials >
        • Premodern UFO Sightings
        • The Moon Hoax
        • Inhabitants of Other Planets
        • Blavatsky on Ancient Astronauts
        • The Stanzas of Dzyan (Hoax)
        • Aerolites and Religion
        • What Is Theosophy?
        • Plane of Ether
        • The Adepts from Venus
      • A Message from Mars
      • Saucer Mystery Solved?
      • Orville Wright on UFOs
      • Interdimensional Flying Saucers
      • Flying Saucers Are Real
      • Report on UFOs
    • The Supernatural >
      • The Devils of Loudun
      • Sublime and Beautiful
      • Voltaire on Vampires
      • Demonology and Witchcraft
      • Thaumaturgia
      • Bulgarian Vampires
      • Religion and Evolution
      • Transylvanian Superstitions
      • Defining a Zombie
      • Dread of the Supernatural
      • Vampires
      • Werewolves and Vampires and Ghouls
      • Science and Fairy Stories
      • The Cursed Car
    • Classic Fiction >
      • Lucian's True History
      • Some Words with a Mummy
      • The Coming Race
      • King Solomon's Mines
      • An Inhabitant of Carcosa
      • The Xipéhuz
      • Lot No. 249
      • The Novel of the Black Seal
      • The Island of Doctor Moreau
      • Pharaoh's Curse
      • Edison's Conquest of Mars
      • The Lost Continent
      • Count Magnus
      • The Mysterious Stranger
      • The Wendigo
      • Sredni Vashtar
      • The Lost World
      • The Red One
      • H. P. Lovecraft >
        • Dagon
        • The Call of Cthulhu
        • History of the Necronomicon
        • At the Mountains of Madness
        • Lovecraft's Library in 1932
      • The Skeptical Poltergeist
      • The Corpse on the Grating
      • The Second Satellite
      • Queen of the Black Coast
      • A Martian Odyssey
    • Classic Genre Movies
    • Miscellaneous Documents >
      • The Balloon-Hoax
      • A Problem in Greek Ethics
      • The Migration of Symbols
      • The Gospel of Intensity
      • De Profundis
      • The Life and Death of Crown Prince Rudolf
      • The Bathtub Hoax
      • Crown Prince Rudolf's Letters
      • Position of Viking Women
      • Employment of Homosexuals
      • James Dean's Love Letters
      • The Amazing James Dean Hoax!
    • Free Classic Pseudohistory eBooks
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