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A Case Study in Misunderstanding: An 1860 Report of Prehistoric "Giants" Found in Europe

12/12/2015

10 Comments

 
Yesterday I ran across an interesting article in an old magazine, and it provides an unusual look at how the myth of antediluvian giants cast a shadow over the popular and scholarly understanding of paleontology in the years before the acceptance of the theory of evolution. Our article comes from Ballou’s Monthly Dollar Magazine, which its founder, Maturin M. Ballou, billed as “the cheapest magazine in the world,” for August 1860. It appeared in a column devoted to curiosities and records what the anonymous author claims to be the discovery of Bible giants:
“There were Giants in Those Days.”
 
The theory that humanity of the antediluvian period existed in forms which would now be considered colossal, has found many adherents among scientific men. A fossil skeleton of enormous size, recently discovered near Abbeville, France, was regarded as a proof of this theory. A Dr. Fullratt, of Berlin, has more recently found other remains of some antediluvian giant in the village of Guiten, near the junction of the Rhine and Dussal. The discovery has created quite a flutter among the wise men of Germany, and a commission has been formed for digging in divers places of the same geological formation as that wherein the giant skeleton was found.
This is a strangely confused account of the scientific debate occurring in Europe at the time, as filtered through the popular press. I am not entirely certain of all of the references in the article, but as best I can tell, the discussion of the Abbeville “giant” refers to the discovery of fossil mammoth bones alongside flint tools. These finds, which Jacques Boucher de Crevecoeur de Perthes had made over more than a decade before the Dollar Magazine wrote about them, attracted interest in 1859 when Joseph Prestwich viewed the discoveries and sent word back to England. The Royal Society began debating whether they were evidence of a deeper antiquity for humanity, while Boucher, who originally thought the tools to be post-diluvian, revised his view and argued they were antediluvian. (“These hatchets are called antediluvian because they are found in a virgin soil formed by its waters,” the Abbé Cochet explained at the end of 1860 in reporting on Boucher de Perthes’s finds to the French government.) It seems that someone, in trying to explain the story, had confused the gigantic mammoth skeleton found there for the skeleton of a humanoid giant, since there is no other reference I can find to a “giant” there.
 
The fossil beds at Abbeville would eventually yield the famous Abbeville jaw, found by Boucher de Perthes in 1863, which excited great controversy because it seemed too primitive and implied a more ancient species that had occupied France before the “Prussian” Neanderthals. The jaw was later discovered to be a forgery, planted by a worker hoping to earn a 200 franc prize for finding the bones of the people who made the flint tools Boucher de Perthes had previously found.
 
On the other hand, Neanderthals seem to lie behind the second reference in the Dollar Magazine article. The area where the Düssel River feeds into the Rhine is the area of the famous Neanderthal, or Neander Valley, where in August 1856 the first Neanderthal skeleton had been discovered. The cranium of said Neanderthal was found (well, obtained from workmen) and described by Johann Karl Fuhlrott, who must be the Fullratt of the Dollar Magazine. Fuhlrott said that he was the first to recognize the bones as human, for the workmen who discovered it thought it belonged to an animal. It was instead the second scholar to examine the bones, Hermann Schaaffhausen, who helped create the idea that the bones were those of a brutish monster. In his presentation, following that of Fuhlrott, to the Natural History Society of the Prussian Rhineland and Westphalia on February 4, 1857, Schaaffhausen compared the bones to the legendary monsters of medieval German folklore and myth (specifically the Classically described creatures said to live at the world’s ends), and he suggested that the bones belonged to the prehistoric antecedent of such tales, perhaps dating back before the Flood. He noted that the bones were thicker and more robust than those of human beings, suggesting an ogre-like appearance.
Picture
Medieval monsters inspired by Pliny the Elder's accounts, as they appear in Mandeville's "Travels."
It appears that popular writers, either not understanding the issues involved or interpreting them through the lens of the familiar, took these claims to be referring to the monstrous Nephilim of Genesis.
 
What’s interesting in this is that we have a clear case where a news report about the “discovery” of the bones of a “giant” by “scientific men” can be traced back to specific individuals and their known claims. We then see that the media misunderstood and misrepresented the claims. This helps to cast doubt on other news accounts from the time, and should remind gigantologists, who rely on old newspapers for their evidence, that uncritical acceptance of news stories is bad history and worse science. The “giant” Neanderthal, that antediluvian monster, stood all of about five and a half feet tall.
10 Comments
Kathleen
12/12/2015 01:33:35 pm

An 1860 $1 is $27.70 in 2015. Not so cheap after all.

Reply
David Bradbury
12/12/2015 06:20:18 pm

The "Dollar" in the title was just to emphasise its value for money. The actual price per issue was a dime (1/10 of a dollar, for non-US readers).

http://www.philsp.com/data/images/b/ballous_dollar_monthly_186210.jpg

Reply
Shane Sullivan
12/12/2015 02:39:21 pm

Looking at the illustration from Travels, it's easy to see where the myth of Bigfoot came from... Not the mention those equally famous cryptids, Twohead and Chestface.

Reply
Clint Knapp
12/12/2015 09:05:42 pm

While I'd much prefer Chestface, the Dogman on the far right has been a popular one in the last few years of Coast to Coast AM. It's seeped in here and there on the monster hunting shows, too, with almost no actual difference between it and Bigfoot besides the appearance and half-formed attempts to link it into ancient history (and Ancient Aliens) by way of Anubis.

Reply
Shane Sullivan
12/12/2015 09:29:04 pm

I hear it also creeps up from the tunnels beneath Boston to pose for paintings, sometimes.

An Over-Educated Grunt
12/14/2015 09:50:44 am

Chestface has the world's most unfortunate goatee, though.

Reply
Ph
12/12/2015 09:09:55 pm

Good story, it's an all too common occurence that news is like a myth, a kernel of truth with obscuring layer of (multiple) personal interpretation(s).

In a few millenia, scientists will discover that our civilisation ended by either mayan calender magic, or due to the large hadron collider.

Reply
Time Machine
12/13/2015 02:04:21 am

When the legend becomes fact, print the legend.

Reply
Time Machine
12/13/2015 02:15:59 am

That quote from a John Ford film is better than most of his films, that today are just too quaint to be viewed - I mean, how excruciating was it to Hollywoodise Ireland and to have Americans play Irish people.

Karie P Schneider
7/26/2018 06:08:04 am

It is odd how the huge land species died off, but the giant sea species did not.

There must not have been enough food on land so only the smaller humans were properly fed and throve. The smaller the creature, the less food it needs. Maybe it is akin to a modern human starving for lack of food, while the ants and other insects having plenty to eat.

Regarding the rarity of finding giant human bones, it could be that pre-historic peoples cremated the corpses.

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      • Chariots of the Gods at 50
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        • Erich von Däniken
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    • Collection: Ancient History >
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    • Collection: The Lovecraft Legacy >
      • Pauwels, Bergier, and Lovecraft
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      • Medieval Texts >
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        • The Hunt for Noah's Ark
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        • Al-Biruni on the Great Flood
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        • The Kensington Runestone (Hoax)
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      • Lost Civilizations >
        • Atlantis >
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          • W. Scott-Elliot >
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        • Fragments on Giants
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      • Science and History >
        • Halley on Noah's Comet
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        • Iron: The Stone from Heaven
        • Ararat and the Ark
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        • Old Mythology in New Apparel
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        • Teddy Roosevelt on Bigfoot
        • Devil Worship in France
        • Maspero's Review of Akhbar al-zaman
        • Arabic Names of Egyptian Kings
        • The Holy Grail as Lucifer's Crown Jewel
        • The Mutinous Sea
        • The Rock Wall of Rockwall
        • Fabulous Zoology
        • The Origins of Talos
        • Mexican Mythology
        • Chinese Pyramids
        • Maqrizi's Names of the Pharaohs
      • Extreme History >
        • Roman Empire Hoax
        • America Known to the Ancients
        • American Antiquities
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        • England, the Remnant of Judah
        • Historical Chronology of the Mexicans
        • Maspero on the Predynastic Sphinx
        • Vestiges of the Mayas
        • Ragnarok: The Age of Fire and Gravel
        • Origins of the Egyptian People
        • The Secret Doctrine >
          • Volume 1: Cosmogenesis
          • Volume 2: Anthropogenesis
        • Phoenicians in America
        • The Electric Ark
        • Traces of European Influence
        • Prince Henry Sinclair
        • Pyramid Prophecies
        • Templars of Ancient Mexico
        • Chronology and the "Riddle of the Sphinx"
        • The Faith of Ancient Egypt
        • Remarkable Discoveries Within the Sphinx (Hoax)
        • Spirit of the Hour in Archaeology
        • Book of the Damned
        • Great Pyramid As Noah's Ark
        • The Shaver Mystery >
          • Lovecraft and the Deros
          • Richard Shaver's Proofs
    • Alien Encounters >
      • US Government Ancient Astronaut Files >
        • Fortean Society and Columbus
        • Inquiry into Shaver and Palmer
        • The Skyfort Document
        • Whirling Wheels
        • Denver Ancient Astronaut Lecture
        • Soviet Search for Lemuria
        • Visitors from Outer Space
        • Unidentified Flying Objects (Abstract)
        • "Flying Saucers"? They're a Myth
        • UFO Hypothesis Survival Questions
        • Air Force Academy UFO Textbook
        • The Condon Report on Ancient Astronauts
        • Atlantis Discovery Telegrams
        • Ancient Astronaut Society Telegram
        • Noah's Ark Cables
        • The Von Daniken Letter
        • CIA Psychic Probe of Ancient Mars
        • CIA Search for the Ark of the Covenant
        • Scott Wolter Lawsuit
        • UFOs in Ancient China
        • CIA Report on Noah's Ark
        • CIA Noah's Ark Memos
        • Congressional Ancient Aliens Testimony
        • Ancient Astronaut and Nibiru Email
        • Congressional Ancient Mars Hearing
        • House UFO Hearing
      • Ancient Extraterrestrials >
        • Premodern UFO Sightings
        • The Moon Hoax
        • Inhabitants of Other Planets
        • The Fall of the Sky
        • Blavatsky on Ancient Astronauts
        • The Stanzas of Dzyan (Hoax)
        • Aerolites and Religion
        • What Is Theosophy?
        • Plane of Ether
        • The Adepts from Venus
      • A Message from Mars
      • Saucer Mystery Solved?
      • Orville Wright on UFOs
      • Interdimensional Flying Saucers
      • Poltergeist UFOs
      • Flying Saucers Are Real
      • Report on UFOs
    • The Supernatural >
      • The Devils of Loudun
      • Sublime and Beautiful
      • Voltaire on Vampires
      • Demonology and Witchcraft
      • Thaumaturgia
      • Bulgarian Vampires
      • Religion and Evolution
      • Transylvanian Superstitions
      • Defining a Zombie
      • Dread of the Supernatural
      • Vampires
      • Werewolves and Vampires and Ghouls
      • Science and Fairy Stories
      • The Cursed Car
    • Classic Fiction >
      • Lucian's True History
      • Some Words with a Mummy
      • The Coming Race
      • King Solomon's Mines
      • An Inhabitant of Carcosa
      • The Xipéhuz
      • Lot No. 249
      • The Novel of the Black Seal
      • The Island of Doctor Moreau
      • Pharaoh's Curse
      • Edison's Conquest of Mars
      • The Lost Continent
      • Count Magnus
      • The Mysterious Stranger
      • The Wendigo
      • Sredni Vashtar
      • The Lost World
      • The Red One
      • H. P. Lovecraft >
        • Dagon
        • The Call of Cthulhu
        • History of the Necronomicon
        • At the Mountains of Madness
        • Lovecraft's Library in 1932
      • The Skeptical Poltergeist
      • The Corpse on the Grating
      • The Second Satellite
      • Queen of the Black Coast
      • A Martian Odyssey
    • Classic Genre Movies
    • Miscellaneous Documents >
      • The Balloon-Hoax
      • A Problem in Greek Ethics
      • The Migration of Symbols
      • The Gospel of Intensity
      • De Profundis
      • The Life and Death of Crown Prince Rudolf
      • The Bathtub Hoax
      • Crown Prince Rudolf's Letters
      • Position of Viking Women
      • Employment of Homosexuals
    • Free Classic Pseudohistory eBooks
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