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An Eighteenth Century Theologian Lists the Ancient Buildings Built by Giants

12/21/2017

13 Comments

 
​It can be easy to laugh at people who imagine that the ancient wonders of the world were built by space aliens or Atlanteans, but I find it interesting to see how these modern beliefs connect to earlier religious claims that the same structures were actually the work of the Nephilim in the days of old. The line of connection is quite clear: Ancient astronaut theories emerge from layering space aliens (or, earlier, Theosophical space spirits) onto mid-Victorian claims about a lost race from Atlantis, assigning to aliens stories previously told of Atlanteans. These in turn were explicitly linked to still earlier tales of giants, as Ignatius Donnelly testifies in identifying Atlantis with the “antediluvian” world of the pre-Flood giants, writing of the Atlanteans that “their mental superiority and command of the arts gave them the character of giants who arrived from the East.”
​Since ancient times, it had been the trend among traditional cultures to ascribe the great works of the past to giants. Pausanias reported that Mycenaean ruins were thought to be the remains of the Cyclopes’ homes. Medieval people attributed everything from Stonehenge to Roman ruins to the pyramids of Egypt to Bible giants. In the New World, the Aztec re-imagined the old ruins of Teotihuacan and other early cities as the work of giants.
 
Nevertheless, we tend to think of the attribution of old buildings to giants as a product of medieval superstition, something banished by the Enlightenment. That’s why I was doubly surprised to find English theologian Thomas Stackhouse’s A New History of the Holy Bible from 1737 contained a remarkable passage listing specific buildings that he believed were built before the Flood by Giants. He starts by explaining his belief that ancient monuments are the work of the Nephilim, either before or after the Flood:
But I forbear more Instances of this Kind, and, refer the Reader, for his farther Conviction, to such authors as have professedly handled this Subject, shall only crave leave to make this remark—that, in all probability, no small Part of the eldest Cities, Towers, Temples, Obelisks, Pyramids, and Pillars, some of which are still remaining; and deservedly esteem’d the Wonders of the World, were the Structure of these antient Giants; and, as they surpass the Ability of all later Ages, so they seem to me to be the visible and undeniable Remains, Monuments, and Demonstrations, not only of their Existence, but of their prodigious Stature and Strength likewise; since in an Age, ignorant of mechanical Powers and engines, such vast Piles of Building could no otherwise have been erected.
​In a footnote, he specifies the particular buildings that are wonders of the world and therefore likely the work of Giants, and they are basically the ones you would expect, more or less:
The works of this kind which our author reckons up, are, 1. The Giants Dance upon Salisbury Plain in England, now called Stone-henge. 2. The Giants Causeway in the north of Ireland. 3. The Circular Gigantic Stone at Ravenna 4. The Tower of Babel. 5. The Two Obelisks mentioned by Herodotus. 6. The Temple of Diana in Egypt. 7. The Labyrinth in Egypt. 8. The Lake Moeris, 480 miles long, and dug by human labour, all by the same Herodotus. 9. The Sphinx of Egypt. 10. The most ancient Temple in Egypt, 11. The Agrigentine Temple. 12. The Pyramidal Obelisk, all mentioned by Diodorus Siculus. 13. The Temple of Solomon. 14. The Palace of Solomon at Jerusalem. 15. That at Balbeck 16. That at Tadmor. 17. The Palace and Buildings at Persepolis. 18. The Temple of Belus at Babylon. 19. The Temple at Chillembrum; and, 20. The first Temple of Diana at Ephesus.
​One would have imagined the Pyramids on that list.
 
The above inventory is, according to our author, his own expansion and distillation of some commentary in William Whiston’s Collection of Authentick Records from 1727, an early attempt to translate and comment on the various apocryphal and pseudoepigraphic texts. I unfortunately have not found online access to the second volume of that collection, wherein the passage on the monuments of the Giants appears, but I trust that Stackhouse managed to refer to it correctly. However, it does make it difficult to parse what belongs to Whiston and what was original to Stackhouse.
 
The places claimed as the work of the Giants are a mixture of places treated as amazing monuments in Classical Antiquity and those that took on such associations in medieval times. Most of the items listed are rather prosaic Classical wonders, but the appearance of Chillembrum (modern Chidambaram) in India is a bit of a surprise, as is Tadmor (Palmyra) and Argigento in Sicily.
 
It’s interesting that Whiston didn’t just list the largest or most impressive of monuments, but rather those he considered particularly well-wrought and skillfully constructed. 

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13 Comments
Jim
12/21/2017 10:40:40 am

Perhaps Stackhouse got his information from the fairies. Sookie's grandfather, after all was a fairie who was born over 3500 years before Christ.

Reply
Mary Baker
12/21/2017 11:04:02 am

Maybe you could request that Project Gutenberg find and scan Whiston vol. 2. I could also ask my contacts at Distributed Proofreaders, if you want.

Reply
Santa Claws
12/21/2017 11:32:32 am

No. 3 is the roof of the tomb of Theodoric the Great in Ravenna Ostrogothic ruler. So strike that one off the list. I mean that happened during recorded history and no giants involved. The tomb is only one of many amazing monuments in Ravenna. Dante's Tomb is also in Ravenna.

Reply
Machala
12/21/2017 11:34:35 am

Well, we all know that the giant Fion mac Cumhaill ( or Finn McCul, if you prefer ) created the Giant's Causeway in Co.Antrim, Northern Ireland, when he decided to go after the giant Angus Benandonner over in Scotland. Unfortunately, the Scottish giant was even bigger and fiercer than Finn, and he was forced to beat an ignominious retreat, followed by the giant, only to be saved by our hero’s quick-thinking wife who disguised him as a baby. The angry Scot saw the baby and decided if the child was that big, the daddy must be really huge. <P>
Never mess with a giant that's bigger and badder than you !

Reply
Scott David Hamilton
12/21/2017 12:08:32 pm

"It can be easy to laugh at people who imagine that the ancient wonders of the world were built by space aliens or Atlanteans..."

And fun, too!

Reply
Woody Weinstein
12/21/2017 01:18:02 pm

As anyone who has grown up in central NY knows, the Seneca Nation has a legend of a visitor with fair skin silver hair and blue eyes who stood as high as the sunflower in summer (8 feet) and taught them fire and how to use smelt copper with tin. However they were wicked and used the copper for weapons to keep their neighbors and the giant returned to take back the knowledge of making bronze and they went back to stone tools. If you make the trip to Ganandogan in Victor NY (home of the secret Iroquois tablets) anyone can read this. Obviously it was physically strong and mentality superior Norse who came to America and taught metal working. this is why they had massive mining operations in the Great Lake to mine copper.

Reply
Santa Claws
12/21/2017 01:34:38 pm

I wonder who was the first person to write this oral tradition down? Should we depend on oral history to infer real history with no supporting proof? Ethnographers were usually the first to actually record these stories. Then equally shaky evidence to surmise it was the "Norse" who had come to the Great Lakes to mine copper. Maybe it would be more honest to state this all as unproven speculation based on folklore and mythology. I mean do we all really believe that Athena sprang from Zeus' cranium? Horus reassembled like Zeus but its a myth and oral history so it must be true? That is the problem with most of these "ancients" in America theories. They are bogged down in social and religious movements that simply make them up.

Reply
Mary Baker
12/21/2017 03:41:59 pm

Then we have Henry Schoolcraft, who published others' works as his own, notably those of his Ojibwa wife, Jane Johnston Schoolcraft. I have read that after her death, he married a bigoted woman, who made Jane's children thoroughly miserable. Jane also must have been thoroughly miserable, evidenced by her struggle with alcohol. Henry's friends saw her as a curiosity. One wonders how much this supports the possibility of bias in his writings (or manipulations of the writings of others).

Woody
12/22/2017 09:59:01 am

I was joking. God forbid anyone picks up on my fiction and tries to explain. There us no norse legend of the seneca. Ho ho ho

Reply
Seed of Bismuth
12/27/2017 11:17:33 am

Have you read the comments on this site. Bag full of nutters. You want to make jokes add a /sarcasm at the end or something.

Bob Jase
12/21/2017 02:19:42 pm

"7. The Labyrinth in Egypt."

Okay, the giants built in but it was the dwarves who moved it to Crete where it is today.

Reply
Clint Knapp
12/21/2017 06:03:39 pm

The Labyrinth of Egypt refers to a morturary complex near Hawara mentioned by Herodotus in his Histories, though the complex itself was not rediscovered until the late 19th century.

Herodotus appears to be the source of the term insofar as it is used to refer to this complex in specific, but Strabo also mentions it and Diodorus Siculus asserts it was the model upon which the Cretan Labyrinth was based. Which of these Stackhouse got his information on its existence from is anyone's guess, other than to say the actual archaeological discovery of the site came about 150 years after he wrote the book in question.

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