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Brief Notice: Gavin Menzies's New Claim of a Pre-Columbian Chinese Map of America

10/9/2013

10 Comments

 
I’ve received a few emails about Gavin Menzies’s new book, Who Discovered America? (William Morrow, 2013), which claims new evidence that the Chinese discovered America in 40,000 BCE and again in 1417. (This revises down the date from Menzies’s 2002 bestseller 1421: The Year China Discovered America). I have not read the book and therefore can’t comment on all of Menzies’s claims. However, as reported in The Daily Mail, the primary evidence he offers is the following map, which he claims is an eighteenth century copy of a 1417 original, based on a scholar’s assertion that the language used dates from the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644).

Picture
The Chinese map as it appears in The Daily Mail.
As you can see, there are a few issues that immediately call into question this claim. Notice that Baja California is shown as an island. Were Chinese navigators half as great as Menzies claims, they would not have made this error. The error, in fact, derives from a Spanish myth, that of the “Island of California” which existed west of the Indies. The earliest mention of this fictional island came in 1510 and was later applied to Baja. Despite Spanish reports that Baja California was a peninsula in the 1530s and 1540s, the myth of the “Island of California” was so strong that Spanish cartographers depicted it as an island into the 1600s. Therefore, the dating of the Chinese map’s text to before 1644 and the depiction of Baja California as an island, also from the 1500s and 1600s, all but confirms that this Chinese map is derived from a Spanish original, unless one wishes to believe that the Chinese were either terrible mapmakers or otherwise could not tell an island from a peninsula despite having surveyed the entirety of America, as Menzies claims.

Picture
The island of California seen on a map from 1640.
Picture
The island of California as seen in a 1698 map, where as a concession to fact, a small finger of land has turned it into a peninsula.
Update: We do not need to resort to mere facts to criticize the map. As Caleb points out in the comments below, scholars who examined the map have declared it a fake, probably produced after the release of 1421 to support the book and Menzies. Of course, that could be the academic conspiracy at work!

As for his other claim, there were no ethnically Chinese people 40,000 years ago and therefore no way of declaring Native Americans the descendants of ancestral Chinese. Menzies seems to have misunderstood the idea that modern anthropology suggests that Native Americans descend from successive waves of migrants from Asia, some of which originated deeper in the continent than others at one time or another.

10 Comments
Shane Sullivan
10/9/2013 05:19:14 am

The amazon.com synopsis mentions "an ancient Asian seagoing tradition—most notably the Chinese—that dates as far back as 130,000 years ago", evidently as "a revolutionary new alternative" to the Beringia-crossing theory. Doesn't sound like he misunderstood anything; he just made up a new Atlantis.

Reply
Jason Colavito link
10/9/2013 05:48:11 am

I was generously assuming he was familiar with newer ideas that suppose that some migrants to the Americas came by boat, hugging the coasts. Apparently he just makes things up. No one in mainstream archaeology doubts that the first Americans crossed over from Asia, but I'd like to see Menzies prove that there were ethnic Chinese alive 40,000 or 130,000 years ago.

Reply
Gunn
10/9/2013 06:49:39 am

I've always been interested in arrowheads and spear-points ever since I found a few arrowheads growing up in Michigan, along the Muskegon River. As a teen and young man, I read a lot (before the computer age!) about the mound-building culture, and later I studied the most recent developments concerning the Solutrean migration debate.

For me the bottom-line take was that large spear-points were here before smaller arrowheads. The spear-point technology was the same used by the people in the famous French cave painting art. It seems that these coastal Europeans may have followed the ice down the East Coast, then it was mostly their technology that spread...more than their DNA.

In this Wikipedia excerpt on the Solutrean Hypothesis, a claim is being made for earlier East Coast human-made archeological finds than West Coast finds. So again, is science clashing with archeology? (Just kidding.)
______________________

Recent, supposed corroborative archaeological developments:

Stanford and Bradley, in their book Across Atlantic Ice, muster a range of evidence in support of the Solutrean hypothesis. They cite similarities between artifacts of the Clovis culture and certain finds from Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia and Delaware. In addition, they claim to be able to carbon-date many new discoveries from the Delmarva Peninsula in Maryland to between 26,000 and 19,000 BC—the period in which comparable artifacts were being created in Europe. According to their book, no materials of human manufacture from before 15,000 years BP have been found on the West Coast anywhere near the time that the Siberian ancestors of the Amerinds are thought to have first crossed into the New World.

Reply
Caleb
10/9/2013 08:15:17 am

I am note aware of any evidence proving the authenticity of the map. The map has been declared a fake by both Western and Chinese historians. It contains obvious errors and anachronism according to at least three historical scholars that have studied the map.

The website 1421 Exposed has a rather large of collection of articles and comments from scholars refuting Gavin Menzies’s claims.

Here is the section on the map.
http://www.1421exposed.com/html/1763_map.html

TheHallofMaat website also have so good articles on Gavin Menzies’s work.

Gavin Menzies’ (mis-)use of linguistics
http://www.hallofmaat.com/modules.php?name=Articles&file=article&sid=135

Gavin’s Fantasy Land, 1421: The Year China ...
http://www.hallofmaat.com/modules.php?name=Articles&file=article&sid=91

1421
http://www.hallofmaat.com/modules.php?name=Articles&file=article&sid=87

Reply
Jason Colavito link
10/9/2013 08:21:08 am

Thanks for the link about the map. It shouldn't surprise me that Menzies is using fake material. Just looking at it, I could tell it wasn't medieval. Now I know it's a fake. I'll add the link to the post.

Reply
Justina (Christine Erikson) link
10/9/2013 02:41:47 pm

you can't have any traditions going back 130,000 years or whatever because we didn't even get writing together until around Sumerian times. Of course, generations of people who occasionally went to sea might add up to a seafaring tradition, but that's a tradition of practice not of knowledge.

There was a book I forget the title, it was about human sacrifice and cults and got to the subject of retention of customs whose origin was lost. Seems that cave man burials had elk tooth amulets with them, and taking such on a hunting trip is still customary in rural France. That would be a tradition of practice.

Now as to that map, the European cartographers didn't get a lot of stuff we have now, and might not have explored the sea inlet between Baja California up to where it ends, and the same for any other explorer, so this map MIGHT represent Chinese error of the same nature, failure to explore.

But what if that map is correct? What if once there WAS an inlet not that wide perhaps that cut CA from NV etc.? a fault line has recently been discovered of similar dimensions I think. Maybe that WAS more or less correct, and a cataclysmic upheaval and squishing together made things as they are now. As a catastrophist and creationist, I have to take anything based on uniformitarianism with a grain of salt.

Reply
Only Me
10/9/2013 04:35:07 pm

You didn't at least go to the links provided by Caleb, did you? If you had, you would realize the map, is indeed, fake. That's part of the experience offered by this forum...you can look at the evidence provided by Jason or others, who have taken the time to find and link to it. From there, you can make your own determination.

Reply
Justina (Christine Erikson)
10/12/2013 03:00:07 am

I probably didn't but whatever proof (like examination of ink or paper)is there doesn't rule out that this was copied from an earlier map.

Michael Zalar
10/12/2013 02:48:59 am

One thing that I noticed immediately was the inclusion of the imagined circumpolar islands at the North Pole of the map. This was an error of 16th century European cartograpy, based on the Invetio Forturna, or perhaps the Itinerarium of Jacobus Cnoyen who supposedly included parts of the Inventio in his work.

Reply
Justina (Christine Erikson)
10/12/2013 03:02:03 am

But there are islands up there, Iceland, Greenland, the spatter of islands in the Baltic Sea and other stuff that may be gone now due to volcanic action and subsidence. Maps drawn from just sailing by aren't going to be as good as we have now, only maps of places that one uses for ports. Even so, the Mediteranean maps were not perfect, just good enough to get you there and you figure out the rest.

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        • Lost Cities >
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        • Origins of the Egyptian People
        • The Secret Doctrine >
          • Volume 1: Cosmogenesis
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        • Phoenicians in America
        • The Electric Ark
        • Traces of European Influence
        • Prince Henry Sinclair
        • Pyramid Prophecies
        • Templars of Ancient Mexico
        • Chronology and the "Riddle of the Sphinx"
        • The Faith of Ancient Egypt
        • Spirit of the Hour in Archaeology
        • Book of the Damned
        • Great Pyramid As Noah's Ark
        • Richard Shaver's Proofs
    • Alien Encounters >
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        • The Skyfort Document
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        • "Flying Saucers"? They're a Myth
        • UFO Hypothesis Survival Questions
        • Air Force Academy UFO Textbook
        • The Condon Report on Ancient Astronauts
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        • Noah's Ark Cables
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      • Ancient Extraterrestrials >
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        • The Moon Hoax
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        • The Stanzas of Dzyan (Hoax)
        • Aerolites and Religion
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        • Plane of Ether
        • The Adepts from Venus
      • A Message from Mars
      • Saucer Mystery Solved?
      • Orville Wright on UFOs
      • Interdimensional Flying Saucers
      • Flying Saucers Are Real
      • Report on UFOs
    • The Supernatural >
      • The Devils of Loudun
      • Sublime and Beautiful
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      • Vampires
      • Werewolves and Vampires and Ghouls
      • Science and Fairy Stories
      • The Cursed Car
    • Classic Fiction >
      • Lucian's True History
      • Some Words with a Mummy
      • The Coming Race
      • King Solomon's Mines
      • An Inhabitant of Carcosa
      • The Xipéhuz
      • Lot No. 249
      • The Novel of the Black Seal
      • The Island of Doctor Moreau
      • Pharaoh's Curse
      • Edison's Conquest of Mars
      • The Lost Continent
      • Count Magnus
      • The Mysterious Stranger
      • The Wendigo
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      • The Lost World
      • The Red One
      • H. P. Lovecraft >
        • Dagon
        • The Call of Cthulhu
        • History of the Necronomicon
        • At the Mountains of Madness
        • Lovecraft's Library in 1932
      • The Skeptical Poltergeist
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      • The Second Satellite
      • Queen of the Black Coast
      • A Martian Odyssey
    • Classic Genre Movies
    • Miscellaneous Documents >
      • The Balloon-Hoax
      • A Problem in Greek Ethics
      • The Migration of Symbols
      • The Gospel of Intensity
      • De Profundis
      • The Life and Death of Crown Prince Rudolf
      • The Bathtub Hoax
      • Crown Prince Rudolf's Letters
      • Position of Viking Women
      • Employment of Homosexuals
      • James Dean's Scrapbook
      • James Dean's Love Letters
      • The Amazing James Dean Hoax!
    • Free Classic Pseudohistory eBooks
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