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Did Indiana Ban Pre-Columbian Contact Theories?

7/16/2013

26 Comments

 
One of the traits of alternative history that we’ve seen time and again is the amplification effect. A fact, however carefully stated, inevitably grows into some monstrous chimera as it is repeated and distorted from one author to the next in a game of Chinese whispers (a.k.a. “telephone”) until it attains a sort of mythological status among believers. It’s how, for example, Ignatius Donnelly’s modest Bronze Age-level Atlantis morphed into the high-tech metropolis of modern myth, or the way the Zeno Narrative grew into the legend of Henry Sinclair and the Holy Bloodline.

That’s why I was flabbergasted to read this bizarre comment left on my blog yesterday, in response to Scott Wolter’s admission that his honorary master’s degree was a cup of coffee:

Scott, Just a few words of encouragement to keep up the work. I live outside Louisville, Ky and have always been fascinated with our own local legend of Welsh Prince Madoc, Sadly I recently ran across a statement that the state of Indiana has declared that any pre-columbian discoveries were not to be presented as such, Such a prohibition is ludicrous in the extreme, and sounds like the last shriek on the retreat against people like yourself who are attempting to uncover the truth, Stay the course,

That would be a truly astounding event if a state government passed legislation restricting how its residents could present historical evidence. Of course, like so many alternative history claims, this one is another game of telephone.

The most prominent online source is from 2009, when David Pratt wrote an article advocating trans-Atlantic diffusionism. He showed some pictures of Roman coins found in Indiana, which archaeologists believe are coins lost from Victorian-era collections—something that my own mishap nearly losing my own Roman coins to a careless clean-up renders quite plausible. Anyway, Pratt writes the following, which is almost certainly the warrant for my blog poster’s claim: “The coins were removed from public display in the Ohio Museum, because the museum belongs to the state of Indiana, whose archaeological policy is that there is no documented evidence of pre-Columbian contacts.”

This is not exactly the same thing, and a conclusion from facts isn’t really a “policy.”

Tracing back Pratt’s source from his footnote, we find that he derived the information from J. Huston McCulloch’s 2001 article on the coins, “A Few Coin Finds.” Here’s where it gets fun.

In the early version of McCulloch’s article cited by Pratt, McCulloch described secondhand information from Troy McCormick, the former director of a different museum, the Falls of the Ohio Museum, where the coins had been on display:

For several years, the Falls of the Ohio Museum had an exhibit about the find that displayed several casts of both sides of the two originals, so as to reflect the approximate number of coins originally in the hoard. The two original coins, depicted above, are in storage and were not on public display. McCormick has informed me that the exhibit has recently been removed from public display, because the Museum belongs to the state of Indiana, and the exhibit conflicted with the state’s archaeological policy that there is no documented evidence of pre-Columbian contacts.

From this article, Jeffrey Scott Holland repeated the claim in 2008’s Weird Kentucky, amplifying it this way: “Apparently, Indiana has a specific archaeological policy forbidding the suggestion that pre-Columbian contact with other cultures occurred…” Notice how McCulloch’s insinuation became Holland’s outright assertion, without facts to back it up. In 2011, Rick Osmon, using the same source material, in The Graves of the Golden Bear, simply plagiarized McCulloch, down to repeating the paragraph I quoted above verbatim as though Osmon had himself spoken with McCormick instead of McCulloch!

But take a look at the current version of McCulloch’s article, updated in February 2012, which presents a revised set of facts:

For several years, the Falls of the Ohio Museum had an exhibit about the find that displayed several casts of both sides of the two originals, so as to reflect the approximate number of coins originally in the hoard. The two original coins, depicted above, are in storage and were not on public display. I have recently (2/12) been informed that the replicas are still on display, despite an earlier report to the contrary, in the Interpretive Center as part of the Myths and Legends exhibit, and will remain there at least into 2014.

Well. It seems that McCulloch never checked with the museum before writing his first claim, based on secondhand information, and from that faulty fact other authors borrowed and amplified the idea that Indiana somehow officially declared pre-Columbian contact verboten.

I assume from the link McCulloch provided that the museum in question is at the Falls of the Ohio State Park, run by the Indiana Department of Natural Resources. There is no evidence of any policy forbidding discussion of pre-Columbian contact, only the common sense fact that good science indicates no such contact took place in Indiana. I have an inquiry in to the park, and if I hear back I’ll update this with the information.

26 Comments
Gunn link
7/16/2013 04:43:02 am

This is interesting to me, as it strikes close to home...and also away from home.

Last year, I made a trip to Boston and northward, ending up in Maine to see those runestones, which are prominently shown in various books, and on videos, including the works of Scott Wolter. Featured on the Maine runestones are multiple hooked X's. This was a good enough reason for me to want to see the runestones for myself, since I'm from the home-state of the Kensington Runestone.
Well, I was not only sadly disappointed, but fairly outraged, too, when I was told that the runestones WERE NOT ON DISPLAY because they were considered by the STATE OF MAINE to be not genuine!

Jason, check the current policy. My bet is that its the same. Special permission beforehand.

Secondly, way previous in this blog, I entered material to show efforts I had made trying to get Minnesota's State Archaeologist to do some work to try and establish a date-line for particularly large stoneholes made in the so-called Viking Altar Rock, located near Sauk Lake, MN. He was too busy doing official business. A few years ago, I tried to get him to possibly study the object I found near Runestone Hill, after a storm--also mentioned here in a recent post. He didn't want to help. Mr. Anfinson's position is that this region does not have any pre-Columbus contact by Europeans...that is, nothing before the 1600's French contact.

Jason, if you were to contact Scott Anfinson (of MN's giants' bones fame), I believe you will find this position to still hold true. (My apologies if he's changed his mind.)

What does all this mean? It means that there is a concentrated effort in certain places across America to thwart alternative history...exactly the charge Scott Wolter seems to be making. In this general perception, I agree. Conspiracy? Maybe, yes, loosely.

Thanks, Jason, for exposing this rotten egg. Does this mean you are making attempts at being even-handed? Great!

Reply
Keith
7/16/2013 10:58:26 am

The State of Maine considered the runestones to be forgeries, so they do not display them in a museum. This does not seem indicative of a conspiracy, this is what any respectable institution would do with artifacts they consider forgeries.
Case in point: the "Amarna Princess", a statue apparently depicting one of the daughters of Akhenaten, which was displayed at the British Museum for 3 years (2003-2006) before it was discovered that it had been forged by Shaun Greenhalgh, whereupon it was removed from display.
Mr Anfinson, the state archaeologist, takes the position that there was no pre-Columbian European contact because that is what the evidence tells him. He is a professional who studies that evidence for a living. You are an amateur with a metal detector, an overactive imagination; and a deep set, proto-racist desire for white, Christian legitimacy in the New World. I know who's opinion on the archaeology of the area I would put my faith in.

I am sorry, but in order for you to convince me there is even a loose conspiracy among academics and sections of the US Government to suppress the true history of America (which is almost entirely based around white, Christian people bestowing culture and civilization on those smelly, brown Natives), you are going to need much better evidence than "museums do not display things they have studied and believe to be fake". Honestly, if a museum didn't do that I would be shocked.

Reply
Gunn
7/17/2013 08:48:17 am

Keith boldly says: "You are an amateur with a metal detector, an overactive imagination; and a deep set, proto-racist desire for white, Christian legitimacy in the New World."

And you, Keith, once again, are some kind of mean and nasty false accuser. I only have a desire to behold true history where it can be found. Christianity needs no legitimacy, and it is already here listening to your vain complaints. White people are here, too. Are you another white self-hater looking for comfort here in this ultra-PC, historically righteous blog? Pull up yer britches!

Keith
7/17/2013 10:29:45 am

Oh Gunn, I am afraid you have seen right through me.
I am only here to reinforce my own flawed beliefs, which are based on flimsy evidence which I cannot possibly assess in any meaningful way (as I have no academic training in either history or archaeology). My raison d'etre is to suppress the uncomfortable truth that all Native Americans are uncultured savages, and that the midwest rightfully belongs to proud, white, Christian men such as yourself.

In fact, I am actually on the payroll of the US Government, just like Jason, Tara, Christopher and anyone else who would so foolishly stand up against the paradigm-shattering truth of some runes and holes carved into stones. It is all a huge conspiracy, and since Robert Langdon was unavailable; I guess it is up to you and Scott Wolter to expose it.

I'd just like to know; is there anything that would convince you you are wrong? Or is the KRS a matter of faith for you? You believe it is real, and you search out evidence to confirm your belief, ignoring anything which may threaten it.

Only Me
7/16/2013 01:24:41 pm

Gunn, Gunn, Gunn. Once again, you treat us to another repetition of the KRS and stone holes, then recount your own marvelous misadventures with "academia". Sadly, this is your evidence for saying that Wolter's assertions about suppressing the truth are fact!

Did it ever occur to you that state archaeologists, and those employed by museums, are educated and trained in their field? It is their JOB to verify the authenticity of any artifact, and if they fail in this duty, that means they will be unemployed very quickly.

If the runestones you mention have been deemed forgeries, chances are they were scrutinized by several trained specialists, who reached a consensus that they are not genuine.

Look at it this way: if steps weren't taken to verify the authenticity of any strange artifact brought to archaeology's attention, then museums would be replete with hoaxes such as the Fiji Mermaid, Cardiff Giant, Piltdown Man, etc.

Reply
Piltdown Man
7/16/2013 07:18:16 pm

I thought I'd been forgotten after all these years. If only I could have followed the seals along the ice shelf with those Solutreans Scott might have me on his show.

Only Me
7/16/2013 09:01:56 pm

Sorry, PM. I think you might have a shot on Finding Bigfoot, though!

Gunn
7/17/2013 08:36:19 am

Oh yeah, we can always trust the official story, especially when it is connected to government, a state government or a state museum. Everything is clear and golden...

Until the official story is occasionally changed.

Varika
7/17/2013 05:17:04 pm

Gunn, when the official story is changed, come back and talk to us.

If it ever is, it won't be because you're acting like a hammer in search of a nail, it'll be because of ACTUAL EVIDENCE, none of which you have reliably or credibly presented.

Go out into the woods and find us the campsite referred to on the Runestone. Or the fishing boat. Or better yet, the ten dead dudes! The stone itself and a handful of holes better explained as places to put dynamite for blasting are not doing it for us.

Tara Jordan
7/16/2013 06:19:55 pm

Gunn,First of all,you can forget about the concept of "conspiracy" among scientists & academics.They are like the rest of humanity, they crave for attention,recognition,& ambition is more than often the strong element that motivates them.If a particular topic was subjected to "conspiracy"or cover up,another scientist would pick it up & exploit it for his personal gain. I cannot deny there is something which I call "bureaucrat museum mentality" among scientists & academics,Some of them are quite reluctant to accept new theories,question the Status Quo & make waves,but the beauty of science relies in the process of what makes science.If you have a crazy theory but are capable of demonstrating the veracity of your claim by using the scientific methodology,you win.But again this "bureaucrat museum mentality" reality cannot resist to personal ambition & personal motivation.Then you have to deal with the new generation gap.Nowadays,young scientists & academics are more open to the "real world".They use Twitter, Facebook & exploit the advantages of social networking,They are not afraid to speak their minds & respond to questions & criticisms.Public & open debate is now an essential element in academic life.The idea that academics & scientists are somehow lazy,is not a hype,but they only get lazy after obtaining honorifics or grants.Individuals (like Wolter & the rest of the mumbo jumbo peddlers) who constantly criticize scientists are utterly ignorant of scientific circles. It is far from being easy,a world of competition and challenge,a never ending environment of survival.You are unceasingly being tested by the establishment and by your peers.

Reply
Gunn
7/17/2013 08:28:16 am

With all the attention on the Maine runestones, they should be on display, not hidden away. There is a good possibility the runestones are genuine, even though "officials" have determined otherwise.

The State of MN Archaeologist stands firm on the position that the KRS is a fake, even though there is a good possibility the runestone may be genuine. Thankfully, the KRS is not is state custody.

The Narragansett Runestone may be genuine as well. But will the State of RI determine not to publicly display it in the future because it doesn't fit in with established history? Would a RI museum display it today?

Collectively, these kinds of impediments have an intended impact, I believe, which is to thwart alternative history speculation. Why else won't they show questionable artifacts which attract public fascination? The public has a right to see some of these objects.

"Public interest" should over-ride this discrimination against possibly genuine artifacts. What are the "officials" afraid of? A public and open debate? Right, artifacts need to be seen and tested by the establishment and peers when possible, but occasionally by "alternative history" folks, too. Public means open, not hidden.

Gunn
7/17/2013 02:38:06 pm

Keith, how about just history for the enjoyment of history? Others here have tried to attach needless "whitey" nonsense to the debate.

We should not ignore all alternative history inquiries as foolishness. Once in a while, something pans out, like history gold.

But, why be mean and nasty? And why do you wear your pants half-way down to your knees? Who are you trying to impress?

Reply
Only Me
7/17/2013 04:12:27 pm

Gunn, I'm not sure you understand how your language and tone are weakening your case. You keep saying "good possibility/may be genuine" regarding the runestones, yet you sneer at the "official" stance as to their authenticity. No one is suppressing alternative speculation; the fact you and so many others can and do support the legitimacy of the runestones attests to that. All anyone asks is for proof, not necessarily irrefutable proof, that the alternative theories have some basis.

I'm not trying to be combative; in fact, I'm all for your suggestion that folks from the alternative history crowd be allowed to examine such artifacts as the runestones, if, and only if, they are certified to do so. Having some Joe Shmoe with no experience in the necessary specialty(ies) examine them will lend zero credibility to the debate. And, bear in mind, that even trained professionals can be wrong in their analysis; Robert Schoch, for example.

Gunn
7/18/2013 05:12:01 am

Only Me, I believe the public has a right to see the Maine runestones, not just professionals and alternative history folks with "credentials". We have read about phony credentials here. And why should we trust automatically the judgments of people with credentials? Look back and see what the RI official had to say about the recently recovered N. rock, before even studying it. He basically disqualified it already, without any research.

Rather than just ignore it or hide it away somewhere, maybe an ardent alternative historian would like to look at, study it. The experts aren't always honorable, especially when they have an agenda...which is to support the "official view".

Once in a while it may be a case of the blind leading the blind, and the guy with only one eye seeing the prize. Maybe, for the purposes of this blog, that's Scott Wolter, wearing the shorts that Tara admires so much, and the backpack, and sporting a patch over one eye, like a menacing "history pirate."

"Ahoy there...Opher, Tara Ste. Clair of the Blogs, Keith, Varika, spread out, you're causing your little faering to list at the portside!"

"Bail! Bail!"

Only Me
7/18/2013 08:48:28 am

So we've come full circle once again. Anyone with credentials is not to be trusted. That includes every profession from the accredited plumber to the family doctor.

I'm not the kind to automatically trust or accept the official verdict on anything, but I also refuse to accept that anyone with zero training in a specific science can reveal new information about known artifacts, due to the fact they don't know what they're doing. All I'm saying, is that there must be a standard that can be used to verify what is discovered. We know that silver and aluminum are two separate metals, but if someone hadn't delineated the characteristics of each, then any metal of similar property (platinum, titanium, etc.) would be called silver or aluminum.

You're right about the runestones; they should be available to the public, regardless of where they were found.

Let me finish by amending a question you posed. "And why should we trust automatically the judgment of Scott Wolter?" As Jason pointed out, he holds a bachelor's degree in geology. Your own words can be readily applied to him ("We have read about phony credentials here." "The experts aren't always honorable, especially when they have an agenda...")

I'm starting to wonder why you seem to support him so much.

Tara Jordan
7/18/2013 02:14:02 pm

Gunn.If you listen to these "alternative historian" jackasses, those amongst us who have academic-scientific credentials are not to be trusted, because we are supposed to be lackeys of "the system".Yet the same quacks and cranks never hesitate to use fake scientific credentials to boost their credibility.As far as I know, we are not the ones running in short pants,doing stupid things in front of a camera for a major production & distribution company.If you think we are acting particularly though on Wolter & the rest of these charlatans, take a big breath because this is kindergarten level, wait until Wolter submits his "researches" to academic peer review.

Joe
7/18/2013 03:31:16 pm

Gunn,

Not to pile on but I think you are missing the big point. State employed Anthropologists and Archeologists have extremely difficult and busy jobs. These individuals work on several different state projects at once, they also are the low rung on the latter in state governments so they are usually under staffed and the first departments to get cut in bad economic times. So if an individual finds an artifact and asks them to investigate it usually goes to the back of the line. Do not take it as a slight or insult just understand that have larger priorities in front of them.
On the second note, a museum is not going to display any piece that they think it is false. But I am sure that if an individual would want to examine a piece for research or academic work that the museum would make it available. However they could not expect to allow just anyone to examine a piece. If a person is not properly trained or educated in how to handle archeological pieces they could damage or compromise a piece and prevent any future research.
Finally, the idea that alternative history advocates are being silenced or facts being covered up is just ridiculous. How many different alternative history shows or documentaries are on TV these days. How many magazines or websites are their dedicated to creating these "alternative history" views. There are no large cover up conspiracies by any government agencies. The truth is that schools and institutions tend not to teach unproved theories or speculations altogether. In fact trying to teach speculative ideas and theories would be irresponsible in the best case scenario.

Lets take your discovery that you have discussed in details. You have found a metallic item in "close proximity" to the KRS and have already created a speculative theory on use and date of the item. But any responsible researcher would know right away that proximity does not mean the two items are necessarily related. Also if any item found under a grown tree that the root system could displace or damage by the roots themselves, so the depth of the item could be no relation to the actual age of the item.

Again I do find the item interesting but jumping to conclusions or getting upset at a overworked archeologists does not seem to be a logical path. There are many different anthropology departments at universities across the country. Try to do some research to find a department or individual that is an expert in the item in question and let me know of the discovery. That person might give your item more attention.

Tara Jordan
7/18/2013 06:38:34 pm

Gunn. Here is a deal for you.Because of privacy concerns I am not willing to give my personal email address over an internet forum & expose my credentials,but if you contact Jason off channel, he`ll tell you how to reach me.Get in touch with me,send me your artifact and I will have it tested & analyzed by experts at my faculty lab.

Gunn
7/19/2013 04:18:38 am

Good luck, Tara. Thanks, but I can only suppose that the object is still in the custody of Al Lieffort, though I have asked that the Runestone Museum take custody of it--for one thing, so it can be examined. A simple metallurgy test would tell a lot.

It is almost certainly either from the medieval period, possibly associated with the KRS, or from Olaf Olman's farming days. Once again, one can see that is was formed after being heated, to get its shape, and then it was "struck" with a die while still hot, making that unique impression.

Tara, if you have the ability, by all means try to get temporary custody of the object, or try to obtain a small chip for analysis. I doubt that Mr. Lieffort or anyone else connected with government will help you. If it helps, my wish as the finder of the object is that you would be given permission to do testing.

If you succeed at this, I'd like you to arrange (with my help) the age-testing of two very large stoneholes, if possible, by looking for suitable carbon testing material within the rock chips. See my photos of the "altar rock" at the same website.

Both of these efforts I tried to get the State Archaeologist involved in, to no avail. Right, he's very busy. (And not very curious.)

It would be ironic if you, Tara, made progress on the study of this metal object, after I asked Scott Wolter to help and he didn't. He's very busy, too. (And I guess not very curious as well.)

I tried to do some online research in regard to medieval blacksmithing last year, but didn't come up with anything specific. I think the object could be a multi-purpose, medieval wilderness companion. I welcome any and all comments and inquiries that could be helpful.

The object once served a purpose...what? Somebody, somewhere, must know.

http://www.hallmarkemporium.com/discoveries/id25.html

Tara Jordan
7/19/2013 05:28:30 am

Medieval metallurgy is not my field of expertise (initially I have a Master`s in political science-history but I`m doing a Msc in ethno-anthroplogy now) but I know a couple of guys from the archeology department,I`ll ask them to take a look at your artifact.

Gunn
7/20/2013 06:15:17 am

Thanks. Somebody somewhere may be able to identify it.

Cathleen Anderson
7/16/2013 08:15:38 am

Just to give you an idea of what the Office of the State Archeologist does here is a link to the last annual report.

http://www.osa.admin.state.mn.us/documents/2012ArchaeologyAnnualReport.pdf

I don't think either he or his staff have time to deal with this.

Reply
CFC
7/17/2013 11:30:37 am

Gunn - There is a facebook group called Kensington Runestone International Supporters Club that likes to speculate about the subjects that interest you.

Reply
Gunn
7/17/2013 02:30:22 pm

Thanks.

william smith
7/21/2013 11:04:28 am

Gunn- Keep up the good work and do not be distracted by others that just like to disagree. You may find at times you will have to go to the site to gather the facts that exist rather than watch it on the history channel or read it in books. The following examples may be of help. When I went to The Falls of the Ohio in January of 2013 the on site Archeologist was very helpful in showing and explaining the various theories on the coins as well as the metal head armor found at the site. She even stated the museum was improving the display this year. She is also working on a pre-Columbian fort in the area. Another example is the Kensington rune stone - When I studied the stone and made a 3D image of it to be used on the computer by students, I also took depth measurements of the mechanical wear line (ground line) which is .021 in. When comparing this wear with known dated tombstones in the same environment it is a fact the KRS is over 500 years old. It is also a fact that 500 years ago it set on the zero magnetic declination line which was the location the king of Portugal and Denmark told the land claimers where to place the marker. (West boundary of Vinland). When I studied the Newport Tower in R.I and made a 3D program, I found the local historical society was very helpful in showing the artifacts dug up in the 1948 Godfrey dig. All of my findings at the Newport Tower support the 1472 date when the Portuguese built the tower for a smoke house to process cod fish. When I found an egg shaped stone in museum in Bermuda which was the lodestone from Admirals Somers 1600 navigational tools was a replica of one in the New Hampshire museum. The curator of the Mystery stone of New Hampshire was delighted to have an explanation backed with facts. If you are serious in understanding the truth about these subjects I suggest you visit the (Migration and Diffusion) site on the web and read the three papers I have posted. I am not an author, just a retired engineer looking for the truth. (William Smith)

Reply
Gunn link
7/22/2013 04:33:14 am

William, thanks for your information and encouragement...the latter being extremely rare here.

The information you provided about the New Hampshire Mystery Stone caused me to go back to Wolter's X book, where it is featured on pages 155 and 156. Though there is a reference to Venus and a veneration of the Virgin Mary or Mary Magdalene, there isn't any information about the Mystery Stone being a lodestone as part of a compass...so this appears to be good, fresh information.

I like your connection between the Portuguese and the Newport Tower. We recall that the Portuguese Templars simply changed their names. I also like your connection between Portugal and Denmark, bringing a proper "Nordic" connection to the KRS while also giving nod to both Templar pasts. In other words, perhaps it was a Portuguese Templar (Knights of Christ) /Scandinavian expedition to Kensington back in 1362, not the usually presumed NW European Templar/Scandinavians.

The NH Mystery Stone lodestone compass has me wondering about some of the recent findings I've made here in MN, concerning mapping. For example, there are two distinctive areas of medieval Scandinavian evidences up here in this region, one being where the KRS was found, and the other being along the Whetstone River of SD. Assuming Duluth would've been an important mapping spot because of its farthest western "great lake" approach to this region via sailing ship (as seen in the Copper Harbor, MI carving), one might not be totally surprised to find that by drawing a line from Duluth to the Whetstone River area, the line will cross over the KRS discovery site. Evidently, some kind of mapping was taking place...land mapping...using what method?

It looks to me like a group of Europeans were purposely shooting for the near center of North America for some reason, back in medieval times. Who would do that? We need more puzzle pieces to contemplate; we don't want them hidden from us.

Power to the people! (See how a bit of encouragement empowers? Better than a mean and nasty put-down.)

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