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Did the Kaaba Inspire Medieval Pyramid Myths?

6/8/2015

8 Comments

 
In medieval times, there were three primary version of the same legend that the Giza pyramid were built before the Flood to preserve scientific knowledge. Al-Maqrizi helpfully summarizes all three in a passage from his Khitat:
Some believe that the first Hermes, whom they call the Thrice Great because of the three gifts he possessed: prophecy, kingship and wisdom, is the same as him the Hebrews call Enoch ben Jared ben Mahalalel ben Fatian (Kenan) ben Enos ben Seth ben Adam, who is also the same as Idris. He foresaw, from the position of the planets, the arrival of a Flood that would submerge the whole earth; therefore he built a large number of pyramids in which were deposited treasures, science books, and everything he feared would be destroyed and disappear from view. He wanted to ensure their safety from destruction. It is also said that the builder was a king named Surid bin Shaluq bin Siriaq. According to others, the character who raised the pyramids located facing Fustat was Shaddad bin ’Ad who built them following a dream. The Copts, who contest the invasion of Egypt by the Amalekites, attribute the construction of these monuments to Surid, also following a dream telling him that a calamity would descend from heaven. This was the Flood. Surid, say the Copts, raised the two pyramids in the space of six months, covered them with multicolored silk and engraved upon them this inscription: “I have built these in six months: tell those who come after me to try to destroy them in 600 years, for it is easier to destroy than to build. I covered them in colored silk. Let my successors try to cover them with mats, for braids are more common than brocade.”
Sibt ibn al-Jawzi adds that the pyramids were a site of pilgrimage where the Sabaeans “sacrifice at them a cock, and a black calf, and offer up incense.”

While some elements of the story can be traced back to Antiquity, particularly the claim that the stone-carved records of antediluvian knowledge survived the Flood and the prophecy of the two destructions, the specific claim that Surid covered the pyramids in colored silk is one of the weird aspects that seems to have no precedent in pyramid lore. That is why I read with interest a 1988 article by Alexander Fodor called “The Pyramids in Arab Folklore,” which appeared in Occident and Orient, and which seems to provide the answer for why we do not see this pyramid legend with its silken trappings before the reign of Al-Mamun in the ninth century, and the beginnings of the Arab effort to lay cultural claim to Egypt.

Fodor suggests that the incident is presented as an antediluvian parallel to the Kaaba in Mecca, itself covered in silk and said in folklore to have survived from before the Flood (Islamic history attributes it instead to Abraham). Fodor quotes Nashwan ibn Sa‘id al-Himyari (before 1177 CE), who tells the story of the covering of the Kaaba in remarkably similar terms:
As‘ad was the first to cover the House. It happened that when he was returning from these of his campaigns, he passed by the House and covered it with gilded Yemeni leather mats. Then he saw somebody in a dream telling him: Add to the covering of the House! So he covered it with ma‘afiri. Then he saw someone in a dream telling him: Add to the covering of the House! So he covered it with washy. He immolated in Mecca seventy thousand sacrificial animals, performed the circumambulation and the running, and made a door and key for it (i.e. the House) which were not there before and he said about it this (in verse): “We covered the House which Allah declared sacred with a cover embroidered in gold and silver and with burds.”
Fodor also compares the immolation of animals to the sacrifices offered to the pyramids in the account—which I have not read due to a lack of translations—in Al-Idrisi’s volume on pyramids. Fodor also notes that the pyramids share characteristics with the Kaaba, including a square base oriented to the cardinal directions, and both buildings were the subject of pilgrimages and, in Islamic times, had festivals of light celebrated in and around them. 

It’s an interesting claim, and I think it provides a pretty good explanation for an otherwise inexplicable part of the Surid legend—one that clearly places the story’s origin in the Middle Ages, and among the South Arabian diaspora, rather than in high antiquity. 

8 Comments
Scott Hamilton
6/8/2015 09:53:03 am

The theory sounds credible. It tough to imagine another reason anyone would think you'd cover the pyramids with silk.

Reply
David Bradbury
6/8/2015 08:27:06 pm

Yes, it's particularly plausible as a fabricated [ha ha] response to Arab invaders- "Egypt did the silk wrapping thing centuries before the first Kiswa was created, and on a far grander scale, but then people kept invading us so we had to stop".

Reply
gdave
6/8/2015 10:38:31 am

Jason,

A correction on "haram = pyramid" and "haram = sacred" - you're confusing a pair of homophones. The Arabic word for "pyramid" is "h-r-m". The Arabic word for "sacred" is "H-r-A-m". The initial consonant in both cases is commonly transliterated into English as "h", as that is the most similar sound, but to a native Arabic speaker they are distinct sounds. "H-r-A-m" also includes the long vowel, 'Alif, while "h-r-m" only has the "fatHa" short vowelling. To a native English speaker, these both sound like an "a" or "ah", so they usually both transcribed with an "a", but to a native Arabic speaker, they are distinct sounds.

While the words sound identical to most native English speakers, they are spelled differently, sound only vaguely similar to a native Arabic speaker, and, AFAIK, have no etymological relationship.

Reply
Jason Colavito link
6/8/2015 11:12:26 am

Thanks for that. I'll fix the sentence.

Reply
Jason Colavito link
6/8/2015 11:22:34 am

It turns out after re-reading material on Arabic pyramid lore that I was actually half-remembering the suggestion that word for pyramid has some sort of relationship with the name Hermes, which has only a tangential relationship to my subject today.

gdave
6/8/2015 10:53:52 am

By the way, in the passage where you quote Fodor quoting Nashwan ibn Sa‘id al-Himyari, the untranslated word, "washy", is "embroidered fabric." The word "ma'afiri" has me stumped - the best I can come up with is something off-white or dust colored - maybe.

Reply
Duke of URL
6/10/2015 04:02:26 am

Well, if you got covered with burds, you'd end up kinda dirt-colored too...

Reply
gdave
6/10/2015 06:56:41 am

Heh.

I forgot that one. The word "burd" is "garment".

The translator apparently decided to leave the word untranslated but appended an "s" to make it an English language plural - the Arabic plural would be "abraad".

There's a bit more to the connotations of that word. A different form of "burd" is "burdaayah", which means "curtains or drapes", while another form, "burdah", specifically refers to Muhammed's outer garment. Arabic is often thick with allusions, connotations, and associated meanings of related words. I think the idea is something along the lines of garbing the Kaaba in an outer garment of curtains and draperies in the style of, or evocative of, or symbolic of, or in some way vaguely associated with the outer garments Muhammed wore.

There's probably a lot of that sort of thing in the original passage, which is common in Arabic writing - the connotations and associated meanings of words related to those actually used are very evocative to a native reader in a way that's virtually impossible to translate into English.


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    • Collection: Ancient Alien Fraud >
      • Chariots of the Gods at 50
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      • Profiles in Ancient Astronautics >
        • Erich von Däniken
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    • Collection: Skeptic Magazine >
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      • Charioteer of the Gods
    • Collection: Ancient History >
      • Prehistoric Nuclear War
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    • Collection: The Lovecraft Legacy >
      • Pauwels, Bergier, and Lovecraft
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      • Alien Abduction at the Outer Limits
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    • Scholomance: The Devil's School
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  • The Library
    • Ancient Mysteries >
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        • Mesopotamian Texts >
          • Eridu Genesis
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        • Egyptian Texts >
          • The Shipwrecked Sailor
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        • Hermetica >
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        • Chinese Accounts of Rome
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      • Medieval Texts >
        • Medieval Legends of Ancient Egypt >
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          • Al-Maqrizi on the Pyramids
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        • The Hunt for Noah's Ark
        • Byzantine World Chronicle
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        • Book of Liang: Fusang
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        • Voyage of Saint Brendan
        • Power of Art and of Nature
        • Travels of Sir John Mandeville
        • Yazidi Revelation and Black Book
        • Al-Biruni on the Great Flood
        • Voyage of the Zeno Brothers
        • The Kensington Runestone (Hoax)
        • Islamic Discovery of America
        • The Aztec Creation Myth
      • Lost Civilizations >
        • Atlantis >
          • Plato's Atlantis Dialogues >
            • Timaeus
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          • Fragments on Atlantis
          • Panchaea: The Other Atlantis
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          • Santorini and Atlantis
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          • Atlantis in Morocco
          • Atlantis and Hanno's Periplus
          • Atlantis and the Sea Peoples
          • W. Scott-Elliot >
            • The Story of Atlantis
            • The Lost Lemuria
          • The Lost Atlantis
          • Atlantis in Africa
          • How I Found Atlantis (Hoax)
          • Termier on Atlantis
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          • Flinders Petrie on Atlantis
          • Amazing New Light (Hoax)
        • Lost Cities >
          • Miscellaneous Lost Cities
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          • Manuscript 512
          • The Idolatrous City of Iximaya (Hoax)
          • The 1885 Moberly Lost City Hoax
          • The Elephants of Paredon (Hoax)
        • OOPARTs
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        • Caucasians in Panama
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        • Against Diffusionism
        • Tunnels Under Peru
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      • Religious Conspiracies >
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          • Man During the Stone Age
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        • Fragments on Giants
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        • Boccaccio and the Fossil 'Giant'
        • Book of Howth
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        • Edmond Temple's 1827 Giant Investigation
        • The Giants of Sardinia
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        • The Magnetism of Evil
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        • Smithsonian Giant Reports
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        • The Giant of Coahuila
        • Jewish Encyclopedia on Giants
        • Index of Giants
        • Newspaper Accounts of Giants
        • Lanier's A Book of Giants
      • Science and History >
        • Halley on Noah's Comet
        • The Newport Tower
        • Iron: The Stone from Heaven
        • Ararat and the Ark
        • Pyramid Facts and Fancies
        • Argonauts before Homer
        • The Deluge
        • Crown Prince Rudolf on the Pyramids
        • Old Mythology in New Apparel
        • Blavatsky on Dinosaurs
        • Teddy Roosevelt on Bigfoot
        • Devil Worship in France
        • Maspero's Review of Akhbar al-zaman
        • The Holy Grail as Lucifer's Crown Jewel
        • The Mutinous Sea
        • The Rock Wall of Rockwall
        • Fabulous Zoology
        • The Origins of Talos
        • Mexican Mythology
        • Chinese Pyramids
        • Maqrizi's Names of the Pharaohs
      • Extreme History >
        • Roman Empire Hoax
        • America Known to the Ancients
        • American Antiquities
        • American Cataclysms
        • England, the Remnant of Judah
        • Historical Chronology of the Mexicans
        • Maspero on the Predynastic Sphinx
        • Vestiges of the Mayas
        • Ragnarok: The Age of Fire and Gravel
        • Origins of the Egyptian People
        • The Secret Doctrine >
          • Volume 1: Cosmogenesis
          • Volume 2: Anthropogenesis
        • Phoenicians in America
        • The Electric Ark
        • Traces of European Influence
        • Prince Henry Sinclair
        • Pyramid Prophecies
        • Templars of Ancient Mexico
        • Chronology and the "Riddle of the Sphinx"
        • The Faith of Ancient Egypt
        • Remarkable Discoveries Within the Sphinx (Hoax)
        • Spirit of the Hour in Archaeology
        • Book of the Damned
        • Great Pyramid As Noah's Ark
        • The Shaver Mystery >
          • Lovecraft and the Deros
          • Richard Shaver's Proofs
    • Alien Encounters >
      • US Government Ancient Astronaut Files >
        • Fortean Society and Columbus
        • Inquiry into Shaver and Palmer
        • The Skyfort Document
        • Whirling Wheels
        • Denver Ancient Astronaut Lecture
        • Soviet Search for Lemuria
        • Visitors from Outer Space
        • Unidentified Flying Objects (Abstract)
        • "Flying Saucers"? They're a Myth
        • UFO Hypothesis Survival Questions
        • Air Force Academy UFO Textbook
        • The Condon Report on Ancient Astronauts
        • Atlantis Discovery Telegrams
        • Ancient Astronaut Society Telegram
        • Noah's Ark Cables
        • The Von Daniken Letter
        • CIA Psychic Probe of Ancient Mars
        • CIA Search for the Ark of the Covenant
        • Scott Wolter Lawsuit
        • UFOs in Ancient China
        • CIA Report on Noah's Ark
        • CIA Noah's Ark Memos
        • Congressional Ancient Aliens Testimony
        • Ancient Astronaut and Nibiru Email
        • Congressional Ancient Mars Hearing
        • House UFO Hearing
      • Ancient Extraterrestrials >
        • Premodern UFO Sightings
        • The Moon Hoax
        • Inhabitants of Other Planets
        • The Fall of the Sky
        • Blavatsky on Ancient Astronauts
        • The Stanzas of Dzyan (Hoax)
        • Aerolites and Religion
        • What Is Theosophy?
        • Plane of Ether
        • The Adepts from Venus
      • A Message from Mars
      • Saucer Mystery Solved?
      • Orville Wright on UFOs
      • Interdimensional Flying Saucers
      • Poltergeist UFOs
      • Flying Saucers Are Real
      • Report on UFOs
    • The Supernatural >
      • The Devils of Loudun
      • Sublime and Beautiful
      • Voltaire on Vampires
      • Demonology and Witchcraft
      • Thaumaturgia
      • Bulgarian Vampires
      • Religion and Evolution
      • Transylvanian Superstitions
      • Defining a Zombie
      • Dread of the Supernatural
      • Vampires
      • Werewolves and Vampires and Ghouls
      • Science and Fairy Stories
      • The Cursed Car
    • Classic Fiction >
      • Lucian's True History
      • Some Words with a Mummy
      • The Coming Race
      • King Solomon's Mines
      • An Inhabitant of Carcosa
      • The Xipéhuz
      • Lot No. 249
      • The Novel of the Black Seal
      • The Island of Doctor Moreau
      • Pharaoh's Curse
      • Edison's Conquest of Mars
      • The Lost Continent
      • Count Magnus
      • The Mysterious Stranger
      • The Wendigo
      • Sredni Vashtar
      • The Lost World
      • The Red One
      • H. P. Lovecraft >
        • Dagon
        • The Call of Cthulhu
        • History of the Necronomicon
        • At the Mountains of Madness
        • Lovecraft's Library in 1932
      • The Skeptical Poltergeist
      • The Corpse on the Grating
      • The Second Satellite
      • Queen of the Black Coast
      • A Martian Odyssey
    • Classic Genre Movies
    • Miscellaneous Documents >
      • The Balloon-Hoax
      • A Problem in Greek Ethics
      • The Migration of Symbols
      • The Gospel of Intensity
      • De Profundis
      • The Life and Death of Crown Prince Rudolf
      • The Bathtub Hoax
      • Crown Prince Rudolf's Letters
      • Position of Viking Women
      • Employment of Homosexuals
    • Free Classic Pseudohistory eBooks
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