After reading this today, I can’t let it go without a brief notice. Fox News medical pundit Dr. Manny Alvarez warned in a column last week that The Walking Dead is government propaganda aimed at turning children into socialist zombies. I don’t usually watch or read Fox News, so I wasn’t aware of this until the Onion’s AV Club shared the story. Alvarez claims that even though he may be “paranoid and misinformed,” he fears that zombies are desensitizing children to violence and serving as government propaganda to ease the transition to socialism. This obsession with the undead in television and other media is quite puzzling. The concept of zombies has been around for decades, and their mythology has even been studied by scientists to prove that such an outbreak can never occur. Yet, whether it be in books or film, zombie popularity has only increased after having originally been popularized by the 1960s film, “The Night of the Living Dead.” […] With this country heading towards a socialized system of government, in which officials don’t want you to think or focus on what is important for your own personal growth, I’m sure they’re more than happy to let you obsess over something as stupid as zombies. Alvarez’s illogic is astonishing. He does not want a socialist nanny state yet is concerned that the government is “letting” us watch zombie fiction. He also is terrified that The Walking Dead is teaching mostly white children to experience the “thrill” of using “firearms” to take out legions of brown-colored zombies with an “uncontrollable rage to kill” while completely oblivious to the resonance this scenario has for the wish-fulfillment fantasy promulgated on Fox News whereby mostly white men are praised for using their personal firearms to take out perceived hordes of brown-skinned invaders, be they illegal immigrants, Muslim terrorists, or inner-city hoodlums—all of whom are perceived to have an uncontrollable rage and a desire to kill “real” Americans. I have previously discussed the disturbing racial angle of zombie stories like The Walking Dead, which derive from imperialist and colonialist narratives where white heroes survive against irrational hordes of primitive non-white savages.
Leaving aside the politics of it, regular readers will recall that I hate zombies. They are the newest and least interesting of horror’s monsters, capable of little more than serving as symbols of body horror, almost never rising to the level of actual terror. Nevertheless, they are works of fiction and should be granted the same respect as any other fictional creation. Alvarez is quite upset that fiction would dare to depict something that is impossible: “When you’re dead, you’re dead. Our brains should be less focused on imaginary zombie hordes and more focused on harnessing the tools that we need in order to enhance our lives, whether it be music, education, science or the classics.” Note that art does not fall into his list. Since Dracula and Frankenstein do as acknowledged classics, is Alvarez’s argument that zombies are bad because they are product of the hated, liberal 1960s and not old enough to be respectable? (Invasions of the dead have been a staple of literature since before Babylon, if that is old enough for you.) I am astonished to find a Fox News commentator telling us to bend our taste to the will of science, but let me be clear: Fiction does not need to conform to scientific laws, nor should fiction be limited only to the possible. When you start excluding areas from art on the grounds that they cannot be, you negate all fiction, for every story that is fictional is by definition not true and therefore invalid, even the “classics.” In Alvarez’s youth (he was born in 1957), there was a “monster culture” spawned by television stations’ decision to air the 1930s Universal horror films (Dracula, Frankenstein, etc.) in cheap syndicated packages. Children everywhere embraced these monsters, leading to such pop culture phenomena as “The Monster Mash” and The Munsters. Would Dr. Alvarez argue that his peers were forever scarred by these monsters? Or were they OK because Dracula was a titled noble, the Wolf-Man a plutocrat, and the Mummy an Objectivist self-interested actor? Is the trouble the monsters, or the changing face of Western culture they represent?
38 Comments
Gunn
10/22/2013 07:05:03 am
I suppose if one draws this out far enough, it presents a good case for cremation. All human remains would be actively sought out and destroyed. Or, there's always the Soylent Green option....
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Brent
10/22/2013 07:27:57 am
I particularly like the part where he says that Zombie games create a "dangerous" fantasy environment for "young children"...then goes on to point out that said games are rated M for Mature, negating his own point.
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10/22/2013 07:43:18 am
I don't think there was any logic at all in his column. And to think he's a doctor!
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Shane Sullivan
10/22/2013 08:26:39 am
That's funny, I once wrote a joke thesis on the Orwellian subtext of zombie movies, with the slow and stupid people who are killed and eaten by zombies representing 1984's Proles, the heroes who survive until the end of the movie representing the privileged Inner Party, and the people who are quick enough to avoid outright death but slow enough to be bitten--the ones who become zombies--are the Outer Party. Like heroes-turned-zombies, Winston and Julia were smart enough to resist their surroundings, but ultimately unable to escape their fate.
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Erik G
10/22/2013 08:48:01 am
For what it's worth: I hate zombies too, but I see no 'disturbing racial angle' there. Zombies may be a metaphor for the class struggle, a fear of ignorant unwashed masses out to take or destroy everything you have. Granted, some whites may see the threat as being non-whites, but I suspect that "haves" would see "have-nots" in all their manifestations as the threat, regardless of race. Imperialist colonialist narratives? I think that's pushing it too far. If you go that route, you could say the same about almost any SF invasion tale or movie. 'The Lord of the Rings' could be castigated on similar grounds. SF horror requires horrific villains, and these days zombies fit the bill. Ask yourself why youngsters love to hate and fear them so much. I don't know the answer(s) to that, but I doubt it has anything to do with politics or race or imperialism.
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10/22/2013 10:08:09 am
It's not that zombie stories are inherently (or explicitly) racist, but in taking over the Victorian siege narrative, associated with the cavalry vs. Indians Western and with the British vs. Africans/Indians adventure tales, it equates zombies with the primitive Other, which in this context is the Native person. SF invasions are usually not primitive but invasion of technologically superior races; the very primitiveness and savagery of the zombie slots them into the evil savage slot from Victorian literature. George Romero's zombie films tend to be the exception because he is self-consciously making social commentary and therefore is aware of the problems.
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Coridan Miller
10/22/2013 09:01:39 am
A better question is what does it say about the world today when a zombie apocalypse setting seems like a welcome escape?
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B L
10/22/2013 09:18:03 am
That's it...I'm leaving. In general I have enjoyed your blog, but its time for me to go. I wish you well, Jason, but I just can't take the political commentary anymore. I'm not saying you're wrong (you have a right to your opinion), but your entries are so much more enjoyable without it. And, your conspiracy theories of occult racism are getting more and more wacky...just like Scott Wolter's Sinclair bloodline garbage. It started with a kernel of truth, but now requires more and more of a stretch to buy into. Now people who enjoy a good zombie story are subconsciously drawn to such stories because of their desire to develop and perpetuate a master race? C'mon!!
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10/22/2013 10:04:39 am
I've said something vaguely political something like five times in three years, hardly pushing an agenda. You might note that last time I also posted a piece criticizing left-wing ideology vis-à-vis Howard Zinn and his agenda-driven rewriting of history.
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Varika
10/22/2013 04:01:06 pm
No offense, Jason, but I can't entirely agree on this one. The "spaghetti Westerns" were just the latest in a long, long, long line of small-band-of-heroes fiction. The concept of overwhelming monster forces bearing down on a small handful of saviors is hardly unique to Victorian racism--which you should know, considering that a certain JASON that you have written a book about had to fight hordes of skeletal warriors during a certain quest? As I recall, he survived due to his own cleverness and their stupidity--pretty much exactly the same storyline as most zombie survival stories.
The Other J.
10/22/2013 07:52:27 pm
Varika, I take your point. But just to bring it back around to race and zombies, the history of the zombie narrative really begins in film, and started out as weirdly racialized. 10/22/2013 11:29:23 pm
I concur with The Other J. Zombies, in taking on the Haitian-Voodoo tropes, were born of racial exoticism. The Walking Dead specifically paints itself as a Western and therefore uses Western tropes, but seems to do so without acknowledging the racial context of the early Western narratives it reproduces.
Paul Cargile
10/25/2013 02:33:13 am
What's interesting is that if "the wish-fulfillment fantasy promulgated on Fox News whereby mostly white men are praised for using their personal firearms to take out perceived hordes of brown-skinned invaders, be they illegal immigrants, Muslim terrorists, or inner-city hoodlums—all of whom are perceived to have an uncontrollable rage and a desire to kill “real” Americans" is perceived as a Fox News bash, then it too is an example of Otherism.
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10/25/2013 02:38:18 am
Every media outlet conveys narratives. Whether you consider it a "bash" to identify those narratives depends on whether you agree with the narrative and consider it "natural" or "normal."
Gunn
10/22/2013 11:27:53 am
I, too, have wondered from the beginning of my association with this blog, why you, Jason, seem to want to paint everything with a racist hue. When I first came here several months ago, I felt like I had to defend myself for being both white and interested in the local history here in MN at the same time.
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10/22/2013 11:37:28 am
You know that I'm only half Italian. Does that mean I only half-defend Columbus? The "preoccupation" you see with race is not my projection (anyone who knows me knows that racial politics is my least favorite topic, and one reason I hated much of college with a fiery passion--race, class, and gender was all anyone ever talked about), but rather these racial ideas are inherent in the Victorian colonial and imperial narratives modern speculators are reusing, largely uncritically, and sometimes without realizing it. They don't usually realize that they are reusing race-based ideas, though in the case of Scott Wolter, he actively absolves Nazi sympathizers from racism. When the Walking Dead assumes the style of Western, and our heroes are the cowboys/cavalry in their fort, what are the zombies except the Indians against whom they have circled their wagons?
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Only Me
10/22/2013 02:32:22 pm
I'm curious as to why, when you point out the racial overtones behind the Victorian narratives (and, as you state, used uncritically by later speculators), that people come out of the woodwork to raise hell. The defensive posturing, the indignation (though no one was specifically named) and the accusations of obsession or preoccupation seem to be the court of last resort for those who have bought into the idea of "white guilt". Otherwise, why would such people take the position of victimization?
Coridan Miller
10/23/2013 05:18:59 am
I would see it the other way where walking dead is a positive evolution of the genre. They can tell those heroic stories without being disgustingly racist as the westerns were.
Gunn
10/23/2013 05:58:26 am
Only Me, one doesn't have to buy into the idea of white guilt to recognize its symptoms. I see the white guilt trip attempt, but choose not to participate in it...but rather, to help expose it.
Only Me
10/23/2013 08:08:02 am
No, Gunn, I'm not referring to you, or anyone, specifically.
Steve St Clair
10/22/2013 05:32:39 pm
Race-baiting: Attempting to cloud logic and facts by appealing to emotion through false accusations of racial discrimination.
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10/22/2013 11:31:38 pm
Are you suggesting, Steve, that early cowboy-and-Indian narratives are not racist? I'd love to hear your explication of Western tropes in the Walking Dead. Do tell.
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Steve St Clair
10/23/2013 04:52:29 am
I think some people see racism everywhere they look and are quick to accuse others. 10/23/2013 05:11:02 am
I see you have an astonishing grasp of literary and film criticism. Symbols have meaning independent of those that use them, and the text exists outside its author's intention and can lend itself to projecting meanings the author did not intend. To put it in terms more familiar to you: Are Henry Sinclair partisans guilty of being anti-Italian when they repeat and reuse the claims of Thomas Sinclair, who was explicitly trying to dispossess Italians of any right to settle in the United States? Most have no idea where the ideas they repeat come from, but that doesn't mean the ideas have no history or meaning.
Steve St Clair
10/23/2013 05:14:39 am
Please answer that question for me Jason - "Are Henry Sinclair partisans guilty of being anti-Italian when they repeat and reuse the claims of Thomas Sinclair, who was explicitly trying to dispossess Italians of any right to settle in the United States?" 10/23/2013 05:27:43 am
No, Steve, you wouldn't be a racist. Just wrong. You seem to have trouble distinguishing between the individual's intention and the symbolic or practical effect of the ideas advocated.
Steve St Clair
10/23/2013 05:43:59 am
Thanks so much for your opinion, Jason.
Erik G
10/22/2013 09:00:51 pm
With reference to those early 'white-woman-in-peril' movies: I think we have to take into account the audiences for those movies and the context of the times. Audiences in the USA were mainly white. That's where the box office was. Of course the endangered heroine would be white. Halle Berry, say, instead of Fay Wray would not have been much appreciated. Hollywood has always followed the money, and the money was white. In those days, just as in the dime novels and pulps, non-white races were a convenient 'Other', which is what zombies are now -- because there always has to be an 'Other'. Subconscious racism? Perhaps. But let's not find racism in everything. It's usually just about the money.
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The Other J.
10/23/2013 04:08:43 am
Mostly true, but it's not quite as simple as that. There's a long history in pop culture (down to advertisements and cartoons), legal findings, town planning, etc. that plays on the 'dark other coming for your white womens' trope. (I know people who've done PhD work on this stuff, and the amount of material they can pull up -- first-hand artifacts playing on the trope -- is frankly astonishing. It was just sort of in the air.) Even 'To Kill A Mockingbird' confronts that trope.
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Erik G
10/23/2013 05:42:28 am
Other J -- Didn't know about Herriman and Krazy Kat, so thank you for that. I did know about Hispanic economic power out West, but wasn't that kept pretty low-key? As for movies -- even up to the 1970s, Hispanics weren't exactly welcome as featured stars on Hollywood movie posters. For example, Raquel Welch's Latino roots were kept mostly concealed by the studios. We could argue about this for ages, but it certainly wouldn't be worth it.
The Other J.
10/23/2013 07:30:02 am
Erik G --
spookyparadigm
10/23/2013 11:35:47 am
Erik G, regarding dusky princesses, in a number of cases, there might be two native women in such tales, and the lighter one was usually the more chaste and the one the hero ended up with, while the dusky one was usually more sexually explicit and attractive, but ultimately had to die (see also Bond movies).
Paul Cargile
10/23/2013 05:41:37 am
I've watched one episode of The Walking Dead; it was good, but I don't care for zombies. That said, I always viewed the show, and the latest craze of zombie movies, as being a metaphor for socioeconomic collapse, whereas the zombies represent the hordes of starving urbanites invading the agrarians for food. (The show about the loss of electricity seemed to be of similar vein to me.) In that viewpoint, it leans heavy toward self-reliance, those capable of surviving the fall of civilization defending themselves against those too dependent on the comforts of the modern world.
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BigMike
10/23/2013 10:46:24 am
I can see your point about the Western tropes carrying a stigma of racism with them, but like with any fiction boiling down the entire work (and they are beginning the fourth season and fast approaching fifty episodes) to one trope is just an easy way of dismissing it. The fact is that Walking Dead uses more than just the western trope. There's also the biker-with-a-heart-of-gold trope in the form of Darryl, the lone samurai trope in the form of Michonne (who is the most bad-ass hero-type of the show, by the way, and is also a black woman) and season 3 was all about the corruption of power. To sum up the entire show as a just another western trope is like saying claiming that Beowulf is about a bar fight.
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The Other J.
10/23/2013 11:19:46 am
"To sum up the entire show as a just another western trope is like saying claiming that Beowulf is about a bar fight."
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Bill
10/23/2013 11:58:53 am
I think you are reading a lot more into the modern zombie trend and the walking dead than is actually there If you want to see it in terms of race that's fine but that's not the way the people producing and viewing the media see zombies. If the walking could be a western allegory but many of the themes in it are common to more than the American West/Victorian periods. The only real complaint I have about The Walking Dead is there are not enough black people in the cast (both zombie and survivor) for a story set in middle GA.
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Heidi
10/24/2013 02:29:27 pm
I think what the commentator is not articulate enough to express, is that there is a nexus that sees art as connected to a view of religion that is more sociological than historical. It's a bias to be sure. But I hope that tid bit fleshes some of this out. I had not considered the angle that zombies denote a kind of body horror. If you ever need a woman to throw herself at your feet Jason, just ask and I will oblige! you and your website are a priceless gem!
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7/5/2014 07:36:19 pm
"Alvarez’s illogic is astonishing. He does not want a socialist nanny state yet is concerned that the government is “letting” us watch zombie fiction."
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AuthorI am an author and researcher focusing on pop culture, science, and history. Bylines: New Republic, Esquire, Slate, etc. There's more about me in the About Jason tab. Newsletters
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