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Further Testimony of the Watchers' Wisdom Tablets

4/28/2014

16 Comments

 
In case you’re interested in Mormon archaeology, I discovered that I’m not the only one to have noticed the FIRM Foundation’s efforts to claim Scott Wolter as having proved the veracity of the Book of Mormon. Apparently FIRM’s Rodney Meldrum sent out a newsletter that “loudly trumpets” America Unearthed as verifying the existence of Paleo-Hebrew in America. You can read more discussion of this at the Mormon Heretic website, itself run by a devout Mormon.

Now on to today’s topic…
As I’ve mentioned, I’m reading Irving Finkel’s new book on The Ark before Noah, and he makes an interesting offhand reference to a topic of interest to me. He describes a tablet found in the library of Assurbanipal that details the king’s many accomplishments. Among them, he translates (well, maybe; the text appears in several books by different authors) two of particular interest to us, though noting only that the colophon is repeated across many of Assurbanipal’s tablets, rather than citing a specific tablet:
I learnt the lore of the wise sage Adapa, the hidden secret, the whole of the scribal craft. I can discern celestial and terrestrial portents and deliberate in the assembly of the experts. I am able to discuss the series ‘If the Liver is the Mirror Image of the Sky’ with capable scholars. I can solve convoluted reciprocals and calculations that do not come out evenly. I have read cunningly written text in Sumerian, dark Akkadian, the interpretation of which is difficult. I have examined stone inscriptions from before the flood, which are sealed, stopped up, mixed up.
Did you catch them? Adapa is of course Oannes, the ancient sage who bequeathed knowledge and wisdom before the Flood. The more important part is the last line, which claims that there were hidden stone inscriptions from the time before the Flood. This, of course, immediately recalls what Berossus, the Hellenized Babylonian priest, wrote at least three hundred years later:
[Kronos] therefore enjoined [Xisuthrus] to write a history of the beginning, procedure, and conclusion of all things; and to bury it in the city of the Sun at Sippara…  [After the Flood, Xisuthrus told his family], that they should return to Babylonia; and, as it was ordained, search for the writings at Sippara, which they were to make known to all mankind […]. And when they returned to Babylon, and had found the writings at Sippara, they built cities, and erected temples: and Babylon was thus inhabited again. (Syncellus, Chronicle 28; Eusebius, Chronicle 7)
Despite many claims in the academic literature that the buried pre-Flood writings are first seen in Berossus, we can now see that the myth of pre-Flood writings dates back centuries before Berossus. When Assurbanipal states that the writings were in “difficult” Sumerian and Akkadian, he is almost certainly obliquely confirming that the actual writings in question were early Sumerian and Akkadian texts from the first centuries of cuneiform, which by the seventh century BCE were difficult to read. That such writings were inscribed on stones is evident from Hammurabi’s Code, the stone stele containing this being more than a thousand years older than Assurbanipal. Writings like this, unearthed from earlier occupations of the great cities, could easily be mistaken for writings buried beneath the mud and silt layered atop the “first” Babylon during the Flood.

Is this the ultimate origin of the myth of the Watchers’ secret stelae and prehistoric wisdom? Probably not. If this is why people thought there were pre-Flood writings, it is not when people thought these writings first existed.

It is well known that the Mesopotamians believed that wisdom survived the Flood. In the Epic of Gilgamesh 1.6 and 1.9 Gilgamesh “has brought knowledge from farther back than the Deluge… and has engraved on stone stelae all of his labors.” While these stelae are, strictly speaking, post-Flood constructions, the thought is rather the same since presumably some of what he wrote was the antediluvian knowledge he had gained from his visions.

We know from the Enochian literature that the authors of the Watchers myth were inverting and diabolizing Mesopotamian beliefs, rendering their heroes into monsters (e.g. Gilgamesh in the Book of the Giants) and their sciences into the false knowledge of fallen angels (1 Enoch 8). But I came across an interesting variant that I had never seen before. I found it, of all places, while researching some unrelated material in the works of Sir Walter Raleigh, who referred to the passage below and provided a partial translation along with enough of the original Latin for me to find it in full.

The passage is found in the works of John Cassianus, in Collationes 8.21. Cassianus, a fifth century Christian writer, is here reporting what he heard from the Egyptian Christian abbot Serenus, who had definite views on the Watchers and their evil wisdom:
The ancient traditions speak much of how Ham, the son of Noah, who was infected with these superstitious and sacrilegious arts, knowing he would not be able to bring such books of records up into the ark, in which he was to enter with his righteous father and pious brothers, had these wicked and profane devices inscribed on sheets of metal and hard stones that they might not be destroyed by the waters of the Flood. When the Flood had reached its end, with eagerness for knowledge he searched everywhere for these same, which he had concealed; thus, he transmitted to future generations the seedbed of impiety and everlasting iniquity.  (my trans.)
Serenus went on to tell Cassianus that this wicked wisdom emerged when the sons of God, who were the pious offspring of Seth, were corrupted by the feminine wiles of Cain’s sinful daughters and allowed their astronomy to curdle into astrology. He concluded that this was the origin of the “popular belief that angels taught men sinful practices and profane arts,” for humans attributed to ancient men the properties of the divine and diabolical.

What is astounding is how closely this passage tracks that of Berosus describing the burial of the tablets of wisdom and their recovery at the hands of his offspring. This is unlikely to be a coincidence.

Cassianus’ passage had a brief heyday in the nineteenth century when scholars speculated that it provided testimony that the Book of Enoch was known in Egypt and thus passed through their en route to its resting place in Ethiopia, since Serenus seems quite familiar with the idea of the fallen angels, if only to dismiss it, just as Augustine, Athanasius, and Jerome had done. Identifying the Sons of God with the offspring of Seth was a longstanding Judeo-Christian rationalization, albeit one not shared by the majority of believers, particularly the uneducated.

More interesting, though, is the reconstruction of the myth with Ham in the role of anti-hero in place of Enoch or Seth. As the son whose progeny were later cursed, he was the obvious choice among Noah and his sons. According to pseudo-Clement, writing two centuries earlier in Recognitions 4.27, Ham wasn’t just the first evil magician, he was also the same as Zoroaster. Some have speculated that the Greeks saw Ham, transliterated in Greek as Cham, as a pun on “chemistry” (i.e. alchemy) and thus the recipient of evil knowledge beloved of the pagans.

Thomas More used the tablets of Ham in preference to the pillars of Seth from Josephus in his poem “The Loves of the Angels” because he thought they were two different things and that Seth’s pillars were restricted only to astronomy. 
16 Comments
An Over-Educated Grunt
4/28/2014 08:15:05 am

You know, I'm really tempted to put in a parody post about how because Ham was cursed, this shows that you think Walter Raleigh was a racist, but frankly, I'm just relieved today's post had nothing at all to do with misguided geologists.

On a more cogent note, I think it's interesting that the concept of linguistic drift is identified as early as Assurbanipal, especially since linguistic drift has so much to do with later conspiracy theories (sangreal not being "sang real," for instance). It's hard to claim ignorance of the problem when it's been written about since before Alexander.

I am, however, detecting some faintly Lovecraftian notes in that quote from Cassianus. Ancient, forbidden lore encoded in stone and metal in queer glyphs preserved from an antediluvian age? Are we sure that Sippara isn't a city of reptilians in the deep desert? (Tongue firmly in cheek.)

Reply
Clay
4/28/2014 09:52:45 am

In the Matthew Cooke Manuscript (ca. 1425), Nimrod, the son of Ham, was the king of Babylon after the Great Flood, and Ham [sic] began the Tower of Babel and taught his workmen the craft of masonry. In the Graham Manuscript, a Masonic catechism dated 1726, there is a story of Shem, Ham and Japheth going to their father Noah's grave to try to find anything about him that would lead them to the "secret" which he had, but they did not find anything. In Freemason's Guide and Compendium, Bernard E. Jones writes, "While it is true that no proof has yet appeared that freemasonry had any legend connected with Noah and his son Ham earlier than about the end of the seventeenth century, it is a matter of common knowledge that 'black art' stories relating to Ham go back into early history. Herbert de Losinga, the first Bishop of Norwich, who died in 1119, is believed to have written: 'The Ark was of small compass; but even yet there, Ham preserved the arts of magic and idolatry.' Learned writers of the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries discussed Ham, and there were works in Latin in 1677 and 1681 gravely arguing whether Zoroaster, who is alleged to be an inventor of magic, was identified with 'Noah's wicked son Ham.' We cannot be sure that the legends centring on Ham associated him with Necromancy, but, on the principle of giving the dog a bad name, there is not much doubt that he was supposed to be guilty of working in 'black art' . . . . Noah and his family had masonic associations in the minds of at least some early speculatives."

Reply
lil ole moi
4/28/2014 11:15:58 am

SW did quip recently that he is very pleased
with the way season three is coming together

Reply
Byron DeLear link
4/28/2014 11:55:33 am

The pillars/tablets of wisdom and the Watchers' myth that Jason has been dutifully tracing has been fodder, as he’s pointed out repeatedly, for many of the alternate/fringe storyteller’s evidence of extraterrestrial influence and interference in life down here. These storytellers (throughout history, medieval Cooke MS for example) are constantly searching for the secret sauce, the esoteric hidden knowledge and overarching explanation for things, or, at least, proclaiming to impart as much. —Read this! —it's important and secret. But the ancient explanations for the origin of writing and the passing on of knowledge always took on a "magical aura," if you will indulge me, so the “startling” significance of mystical origins cited by modern amateur analysts in its context becomes rather mundane and commonplace. We must remember, reading and writing, were abstract concepts that only came much later—one didn’t “read” a tablet in Mesopotamia, they “listened” (susmum) to it, even bringing into question whether a tablet was ever read in silence (viz. “Listen to this tablet. If it is appropriate, have the King listen to it.” Charpin, 41). There has been a concrete example of a scribe reading in silence, but the common understanding of the “whole of the scribal craft,” as it’s described in the Assurbanipal tablet above quote, was the work of an artisan class, and unlike in classical antiquity, we have no primary source evidence of Mesopotamians reading for pleasure. One didn’t learn to “read” and “write,” they “learned the art of the scribe,”— and the ability to communicate over long distances from one king to another, or even more magical, the ability to pass knowledge and accomplishments forward in time as a sort of artificial immortality was a mystical gift given to us by the gods, either as Oannes/Adapa or through human innovation as depicted in Enkmerkar and the Lord of Aratta albeit inspired by Nidaba/Nisaba, goddess of the scribes. The power embedded in kingship, knowledge, and the written transference of knowledge, had to be assigned divine origins to further edify and propagate the power base; indeed, cuneiform writing took on increasing complexity as competing alphabetic (Aramaic) writing emerged. The scribes began to imbue their craft with more esoteric and protected structure both political and literal, ergo, the birth of esotericism and “secret knowledge.” I guess some things never change. The reason for all the confusing mysteries and mythologies is just a bunch of lawyers making more work for themselves and ensuring their next gig.

Reply
Clint Knapp
4/28/2014 06:38:55 pm

I had to read the Assurbanipal quote "I have read cunningly written text in Sumerian, dark Akkadian, the interpretation of which is difficult." a few times before moving on down the rest of the article to see you address it.

Particularly the placement of "dark Akkadian" had me scratching my head since the translation's grammar almost seemed to be calling the Sumerian language "dark Akkadian" more than it was listing Akkadian as another language he had to interpret. Almost as though the writer uses "dark" to mean "distant" as though Sumerian, to his mind, is a proto-Akkadian language instead of a separate one altogether- though the two did develop side-by-side and there is a lot of mutual influence attested between them.

Of course, being a translation, the grammar choice is on the translator and not the original text.

It does seem strange wording, though. Akkadian eventually supplanted Sumerian and didn't cease to exist as a primary language in Mesopotamia until a scant two hundred years before Assurbanipal's own lifetime (685 BCE - 627 BCE). So why does Akkadian incur the ominous "dark" adjective while Sumerian receives none directly?

Reply
Jason Colavito link
4/28/2014 11:42:42 pm

I think that what you're seeing is more that translator's choice. Other translators render this a little differently: "I have read the artistic script of Sumer and the dark (obscure) Akkadian, which is hard to master" (Joseph P. Free). "I have studied elaborate compositions in obscure Sumerian (and) Akkadian which are difficult to get right" (Amanda Podany). The idea seems to be that Sumerian, as a literary language, was rather static like Latin, but Akkadian had changed so much that its earlier form was hard to read.

Reply
Clint Knapp
4/29/2014 06:28:25 am

That does make sense since Sumerian itself is considered an isolate language and Akkadian would go on to serve as the root for later Assyrian and Babylonian. I had considered it was probably just translator's choice, but the mind gets up to strange turnings in the wee hours.

I've been enjoying the entire Watchers/Tablets/Pillars series. It's like watching the Gordian Knot untied without the aid of sharp instruments.

SECRETS OF THE DEAD link
5/6/2014 02:50:50 pm

http://www.pbs.org/wnet/secrets/uncategorized/the-lost-gardens-of-babylon-qa-with-dr-stephanie-dalley-tv-host-author-of-lost-gardens-of-babylon/1172/

Posted: May 1st, 2014
The Lost Gardens of Babylon
Q&A with Dr. Stephanie Dalley, TV Host & Author of "Lost Gardens of Babylon"
Stephanie_Dalley0009-300Dr. Stephanie Dalley of Oxford University’s Oriental Institute and author of “The Mystery of the Hanging Garden of Babylon” traveled to one of the most dangerous places on earth to prove not only that the Hanging Gardens of Babylon did exist, but also to identify where they most likely were located, describe what they looked like and explain how they were constructed. After filming her journey for Secrets of The Dead on PBS, Dr. Dalley shared some of her interests, background and techniques that led to her historical discoveries.

Do you recall a moment or period in your life when you became interested in the Hanging Gardens?
Yes, I was trying to prepare a talk on ancient Near Eastern gardens, and I could find nothing to say about them. How extraordinary, I thought, and I reckoned it was worth trying to find out the reasons. Things one does not understand are often more intriguing than things that are obvious.

What sets the Gardens apart from the other ancient wonders of the world for you?
The Hanging Garden is far further east than the others, and it was the only one that remained a mystery – it could not be found in Babylonian texts and archaeology. Some of my colleagues thought it must be a fictional wonder, which seemed likely to be wrong. It is stimulating to disagree!

Can you share a bit about your background and your work today at Oxford?
When I left school, I went to help on a dig in northern Iraq directed by a friend of my parents. I discovered that one could dig up literature that had not been read for 4,000 years. I wondered why I had never heard about it before, and wondered why so few people study the subject – and I still wonder! I loved working in Middle Eastern countries, and I am very sad about what has happened in Iraq, and in Syria – where I have also worked. So it was a great chance to go to Iraqi Kurdistan to make the documentary. By the way, Iraqi Kurdistan is a very safe country, unlike some other parts of Iraq.

I have retired from teaching Babylonian and Assyrian language, literature and history, so I am free to do more research. I have much more time for reading now.

Stephanie-Dalley-at-the-BM-decoding300How did you begin to develop your ability to decipher cuneiform?
I studied Assyriology for a BA at Cambridge University, and then at SOAS London for a PhD. For my thesis I worked on a royal archive written on clay nearly 4,000 years ago, which I helped to dig up in northern Iraq. Being faced with new texts fresh from the ground is hugely exciting, and it was a great opportunity at that stage of life.

You recently published a book about your research into the Gardens, but how and when did the filming for PBS come about?
My publisher, Oxford University Press, put me in touch with Bedlam Productions in London, which researched how to present the discovery, and eventually managed to raise enough money to make the film, and to find the producer, Nick Green.

When you were filming in Iraq, were there moments or locations you felt particularly moved or connected to the past? Particularly fearful?
It was very moving to visit the sites of the canal and of the aqueduct, to see the sculptures of Sennacherib on the rock at Bavian, and the inscription at Jerwan. it was not at all frightening. If I had gone in person to Nineveh by Mosul, outside Kurdistan, however, I would have been scared, and I was glad that we found a very satisfactory alternative.

What has been the biggest challenge for you, and for other scholars, in fully understanding these legendary gardens? Do you think we’ll ever have a complete picture?
There was a cluster of problems, each one needing to be pinpointed, and then requiring a new approach to try and solve it. Sometimes I got stuck on a difficulty, wondered occasionally if I was on the right track, and put the work aside until an opportunity arose to pursue it. I had many other pieces of work in between, and I like to work on more than one subject. We will never have a complete picture – that’s impossible with such ancient history, but one always hopes that new material will turn up to throw new light.

Reply
J.A Dickey
4/29/2014 11:11:34 am

Sumer is business and marketplace orientated but
Akkad texts often were about Magick & Spellforce?
The word "consumer" is an UR derivative word???
Just as Delphi to Greece is a mystic's lore thusly...?

Reply
(jad)
4/29/2014 11:16:47 am

Apollo & Athena are LOGIC + WISDOM personified
but UR is the global marketplace and Dionysus is our
Ids often in the wilderness? Akkad's lore is ancient. Its
of the stars & seasons, as Babylon is both Alchemy and
Astrology. Hammurabi's code also regulated commerce.
GOTO Isaac Newton's Theological writings on the Bible.

Reply
!
4/29/2014 11:27:36 am

http://www.copper.org/education/history/60centuries/ancient/thesumerians.html

[jad]
4/29/2014 11:34:57 am

the metaphoric statue in the Book of Daniel can be projected
both forwards and backwards in time, say for an aeon or two.
it starts with gold and silver, and goes to a very light industrial
strength modern ceramic that does not crumble. Just as Homer's
Greece and Octavian's Rome could guess at the level of Troy
that saw the great siege, we have Ninevah's library trascribing
for all of eternity easily 200 to 300 years of older dynasties...

Reply
{jad}
4/29/2014 11:44:26 am

only to then dive deeply into the older epochs of tyme
with their own dynasties. to me, the Federalist Papers
are a living embodiment of the logic and light of the wise
Enlightenment, but Lord Byron, Poe and Lovecraft truly
vindicate Freud's idea of an Id + Jung's collective unconscious
by pulling back a curtain. Ashurbanipal understood the Laws
of Hammurabi, but he did not truly understand all mystics.

Reply
i.newton assumed the Dan'l statue has crumbling feet of clay
4/29/2014 11:50:39 am

as likewise did bishop ussher. what if its our modern ceramics?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramic_matrix_composite !!!!!!!!

http://www.aaas.org/program/project2061 newton has 2060 focus

Reply
{imoho}
4/29/2014 11:54:33 am

Akkad + Chaldea = Mystery Babylon = Astrology

Nineveh's Overlord saw an empire's Apex and was

almost as logical as we modern folk? he once ruled?

Reply
enigma
4/29/2014 05:29:07 pm

Is Sprachbund a good thing or a bad thing?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprachbund
I thought I'd sorta liven up this thread a tad

Reply

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