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Graham Hancock: Comet Wiped Out Ice Age Civilization, Egyptians May Have Worshiped Comet's Fragments

12/12/2014

51 Comments

 
After publishing Atlantis: The Antediluvian World in 1882 and claiming that the ancient global civilization of Atlantis had been destroyed in the Biblical Flood, author Ignatius Donnelly needed material for a sequel. In his follow-up book, Ragnarok: The Age of Fire and Gravel (1883), Donnelly tried to explain how the Flood could have occurred. To that end, he argued that ancient mythology captured a memory of the catastrophe that was the result of the impact of a large comet around 12,000 years ago: “the so-called Glacial Age really represents a collision of the earth with one of these wandering luminaries of space.” According to Donnelly, the destructive power of the comet caused massive floods, poisonous gases, and global fires before settling into a long glacial winter.
Donnelly, in turn, was essentially rewriting the argument made by the great scientist Sir Edmund Halley in 1694, in which the discoverer of the comet that bears his name. Halley speculated that the impact of a comet could have caused Noah’s Flood and destroyed the antediluvian world. He based this on the existence of fossils, which he though proved that a Flood had occurred:
That some such thing has happened, may be guessed, for that the Earth seems as if it were new made out of the Ruins of an old World, wherein appear such Animal Bodies as were before the Deluge, but by their own Nature and Defences from the Weather, have endured ever since, either petrified, or else entire in statu naturali.
Two years later, William Whiston published a book on the same theme, attributing to comets the major events and changes in earth’s history. Immanuel Velikovsky acknowledged Whiston as a source.

In 1995, Graham Hancock rewrote Donnelly’s Atlantis as Fingerprints of the Gods, changing very little of the original conceit except to add details from more recent fringe history. As Hancock moves toward publishing his latest sequel to Fingerprints, tentatively titled Magicians of the Gods, Hancock has once again turned to rewriting Donnelly to find a model.

Hancock has made reference to his belief that comet was responsible for destroying his lost civilization since the beginning of the year, but this week he published an article on his website (in two parts: here and here) laying out his reasoning in more detail.  He begins by arguing that a comet hit the earth around 10,900 BCE, which scientists refer to as the supposed Younger Dryas Impact Event. This comet, in the generally accepted form of the impact theory, was responsible for devastating earth changes, including the extinction of the megafauna. Hancock recognizes that scientists are not in agreement that such a comet ever actually hit the earth; however, Hancock rejects the recent evidence against such an impact, arguing that “every attempt to refute the impact evidence has in turn been refuted and the case for the Younger Dryas comet is now so compelling that it is time to widen the debate.”

The argument is far from decided, but Hancock is right that there is new evidence. A study by David Meltzer et al. from the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences from May of this year found that the evidence for the Younger Dryas Impact is incorrect and that the supposed impact never occurred. After reviewing inconsistencies in the evidence and determining that the sites associated with the event were not contemporary with each other, the authors conclude: “There is no reason or compelling evidence to accept the claim that a cosmic impact occurred ∼12,800 y ago and caused the Younger Dryas.” But Hancock prefers an article published in the Journal of Geology in September by Charles R. Kinzie et al. that focused on the appearance of nanodiamonds (NDs) in the Younger Dryas Boundary (YDB) layer of sediment: “The large body of evidence now obtained about YDB NDs is strongly consistent with an origin by cosmic impact at ≈12,800 cal BP and is inconsistent with formation of YDB NDs by natural terrestrial processes, including wildfires, anthropogenesis, and/or influx of cosmic dust.”

Kinzie et al. also present an argument in favor of the claim that all of the Younger Dryas sites are contemporary with each other and therefore evidence of a comet impact.

Not being a geologist, I have no way to evaluate which of the two positions is correct. Nevertheless, I’m fairly certain that Hancock is wrong in his conclusions based on accepting the reality of this comet impact:
It is, I believe, the "smoking gun" that made us a species with amnesia and wiped out almost all traces of a former high civilisation of prehistoric antiquity. But there were survivors, who preserved at least some of the knowledge of the civilisation that had been destroyed with the intention of transmitting it to future generations, so it is not an accident that the first traces of the re-emergence of civilisation, in the form of the earliest known megalithic architecture and the re-promulgation of agricultural skills, occur at Gobekli Tepe in Turkey 11,500 years ago -- a date that coincides exactly with the end of the Younger Dryas and the return to a more congenial global environment. Everything we have been taught about the origins of civilisation occurs AFTER 11,500 years ago -- in other words AFTER the radical punctuation mark of the Younger Dryas.
Hancock’s logic is faulty. If we can recover evidence of the comet, then why not the civilization it squashed? How is it that the remains of Paleolithic culture survive in recoverable form but not the “lost” civilization of advanced science and technology? The Venus of Willendorf, for example, was made about 25,000 years ago and represents a page in the development of art and culture—despite having been made before the Younger Dryas. If it survived, how is it that not a single fragment of an advanced global civilization, nor any mark of its agriculture or industry, remains? No comet is that efficient.

Hancock, though, isn’t content to simply ascribe to the comet the remaking of the whole earth. He then wonders if the ancient Egyptians preserved a fragment of said comet for eight or nine thousand years and worshiped it as the primordial benben stone, the model for the pyramids and the place of creation: “I suggest it is worth re-opening this discussion to consider whether the mysterious object worshipped in the Mansion of the Phoenix in Heliopolis might in fact have been a fragment of the Younger Dryas comet that caused the global cataclysm of 12,800 years ago.” In 1989, Hancock’s onetime writing partner Robert Bauval argued that the stone was a meteorite, and Hancock would like to extend this to a comet, though it isn’t clear to me how a comet—typically composed mostly of ice and small bits of rock—would produce a recoverably large sacred rock after slamming into the earth.
51 Comments
666
12/12/2014 05:47:03 am

Hancock is currently writing a sequel to Fingerprints of the Gods, working title Magicians of the Gods.

There is also another author that proposed a cataclysm theory similar to Velikovsky.

Reply
666
12/12/2014 05:48:29 am

Just noticed reference to the sequel. Mea culpa

Reply
666
12/12/2014 10:04:05 am

Comyns Beaumont, "The Mysterious Comet: Or The Origin, Building Up, And Destruction Of Worlds, By Means Of Cometary Contacts" (London, Rider & co, 1932)

Reply
Scott Hamilton
12/12/2014 06:00:46 am

I've read similar theories from Andrew Collins, though he suggests the Swiderian culture was what retained the pre-disaster knowledge, basically, I assume, because Swiderian culture was the new hotness in archeology the last time he bothered to look. As to Hancock, how, beyond the obvious infestation of hallucinatory substances, do you make the leap from "the Egyptians worshiped an object called the benben" to "it was a piece of the Younger Dryas comet." First, how would ancient Egyptians know that that's what it was? And second, as the benben was a symbol of creation and the mountains rising from the sea, why would they worship that with a rock from the sky? Even for Hancock, that's nutty.

Reply
Shane Sullivan
12/12/2014 07:30:34 am

A pretty good chunk of Fingerprints was devoted to impossible Arctic plum trees and flash-frozen Siberian megafauna; I wonder how he's going to claim that a comet collision is responsible for all that, now that he no longer seems to believe in Crustal Displacement.

I mean, I know celestial impacts can cause rapid climate change, but *that* rapid? =P

Reply
666
12/12/2014 08:07:23 am

Bauval's latest book flopped.
Hancock's forthcoming book will also flop.

Reply
: )
12/12/2014 08:30:31 am

The glass half full?
TripleSix--- do add
"Hopefully..." if only
becuz many books
show a slight profit.

RonNasty64
12/18/2014 01:02:27 am

It flopped because it was science fiction. No doubt this forthcoming book will have a film tie-in with one of your History channels, so it will do much better.

Duke of URL
12/13/2014 04:53:48 am

Maybe. I've read serious scholarly studies that hypothesize a VERY rapid (two-year) onset of an ice age being caused by a multiple strike of large comets/asteroids/meteors hitting us in the relatively near future. One big thing they worry about is the Pacific Ring of Fire getting completely activated.
Sorry, but I didn't keep a log of those when I was reading them, so I cannot give you references. They were serious scholars, not lunatic catastrophists, though.

Reply
Shane Sullivan
12/13/2014 06:28:46 am

I don't doubt it, but the way Hancock describes it in his book makes the freezing of these animals sound like a more-or-less instantaneous effect, with warm-climate vegetation "...found, yet identifiable and undeteriorated, in their mouths...".

As for the plum tree--Hancock doesn't admit this, but the account is greatly exaggerated. It was actually a non-fruit-bearing species, much smaller than he described, found on an island that was once part of Siberia's mainland. Needless to say, the tree is not uncommon in mainland Siberia.

666
12/14/2014 12:07:27 am

>>>They were serious scholars, not lunatic catastrophists<<<

Holding equal value predictions that inspire popcorn films like "The Day After Tomorrow"

666
12/12/2014 08:42:09 am

We hope you are enjoying "Forbidden History", the announcer on the Yesterday Channel keeps repeating :)

Reply
Only Me
12/12/2014 10:05:25 am

While I'm no expert in cosmic impacts, Kinzie's study, linked above, only identifies the culprit as an "impactor". Neither study says what this impactor was.

However, if, as Kinzie's study says, there is the presence of nanodiamonds and high levels of "cosmic-impact spherules, carbon spherules (some containing NDs), iridium, osmium, platinum, charcoal, aciniform carbon (soot), and high-temperature melt-glass", that doesn't sound at all like an impact made from a comet. I'm leaning toward meteorite.

Regardless of what it was, comet or meteorite, it seems Hancock is going back to a well that has already run dry.

Reply
EP
12/12/2014 03:12:54 pm

There may be reasons to lean towards a comet if we think that any impactor would have had to have low density (for instance, if the area of impact is thought to be large enough that a dense body of such a size would have caused a Permian-tier extinction event.)

Reply
EP
12/12/2014 03:02:21 pm

"it isn’t clear to me how a comet—typically composed mostly of ice and small bits of rock—would produce a recoverably large sacred rock after slamming into the earth."

A comet could certainly contain "recoverably large" pieces that could survive an impact. Indeed, since comet nuclei typically contain pieces of rock varying in size between a few cubic inches and thousands of cubic meters, assuming a collision took place there wouldn't be anything suprising about such debris.

Of course, since this collision is strictly conjectural, this doesn't help Hancock. But you're still wrong about the astronomy :)

Reply
Dave Lewis
12/12/2014 03:09:24 pm

Have any of the fringe historians connected the black stone of the Ka'aba to the comet/meteorite they claim destroyed destroyed Atlantis?

Reply
EP
12/12/2014 03:30:15 pm

It's been connected to Atlantis by multiple people. No one explicitly connecting it to the destruction of Atlantis comes to mind, though I would bet that someone has.

Reply
MPE
12/12/2014 04:18:04 pm

I believe their now missing but they use to worshiped both a red & white stone too.

Reply
Duke of URL
12/13/2014 04:55:06 am

Source? Reference?

Reply
EP
12/12/2014 04:24:34 pm

Speaking of the Ka'aba, instead of making more shitty Bible movies, Hollywood should make a movie about the time the Black Stone stone got stolen by a bunch of crazy cultists and how it got returned.

Fun times.

Reply
Duke of URL
12/13/2014 04:48:21 am

"if the ancient Egyptians preserved a fragment of said comet for eight or nine thousand years and worshiped it as the primordial benben stone, the model for the pyramids and the place of creation" -- Not unbelievable; where did the Mohammedans get the meteoric rock they worship at Mecca from?

Reply
Jason Colavito link
12/13/2014 06:08:19 am

The trouble is that the claim is that the comet destroyed all civilization except for the knowledge of a few survivors, and that these survivors somehow were able to recognize a fragment of comet as such after the destruction of the earth and half a world away from where it struck. That's a different proposition altogether from the known fact that ancient people saw (small) meteors fall and collected them, or found interest in the magnetic properties of chunks of meteoric iron.

Reply
Clint Knapp
12/13/2014 07:03:44 am

The meteoric rock hypothesis for the Black Stone has been generally discounted by modern scholarship. It shows no meteoric properties and for a time was considered most likely an agate or impactite from the Wabar region; glass formed by meteorite collisions.

Though Wabar's age itself is in question as of a British Natural History Musuem study in 2004, the museum maintains the suggestion that this is most likely a terrestrial rock mistaken for a meteoric one.

The rock itself predates Islam and only becomes an Islamic artifact after the original temple which housed it was destroyed, a new Kaaba was built, and Muhammad (not yet a prophet) was selected to choose where in the wall to place it by virtue of nothing more than his being the next person to walk through the city gates.

In pre-Islamic time, a common practice of marking holy places with odd rocks or plants, and the Black Stone of the Kaaba is believed to be one such rock. The red and white stones MPE references above are cited as other examples of this practice; the red in the city of Ghaiman in south Arabia, and the white in al-Abalat. Ibn Ishaq's biographies of Muhammad support some of this by stating the Kaaba at Mecca had previously been associated with a female deity three generations before Muhammad.

Reply
Duke of URL
12/14/2014 09:46:49 am

Thanks for the info, Clint. I'd never heard of those other rocks.

Alaric
12/13/2014 05:13:42 am

Just wanted to point out that Sir Edmund Halley didn't actually discover Halley's Comet. He was the first to realize that what had been considered a bunch of separate comets which had historically been seen at different times were in fact the same comet on different visits, which isn't quite the same thing as discovering the comet.

Reply
.
12/13/2014 05:46:42 am

the frames of the Bayeux tapestry shows a comet
as it implies that the Norman knights looked to Duke
William for calm leadership & guidance. 1066 has
this in common with 1758 let alone the beginning
and ending of Mark Twain's life. He was born as it
arrived and expected to leave with it and then did.

http://www.bayeuxtapestry.org.uk/Bayeux14.htm
Harold is crowned King of England on 6th January 1066 - Edward’s funeral was that very morning. The new king sits on a throne with nobles to the left and Archbishop Stigand to the right. At the far side people cheer him. On the far right Halley's comet appears; people think it is an evil omen and are terrified. News of the comet is brought to Harold; beneath him a ghostly fleet of ships appears in the lower border- a hint of the Norman invasion to come.

Reply
Tom Dietrich
12/14/2014 02:32:24 am

Göbekli Tepe in Southeastern Turkey reveals an advanced civilization dated to 9,000 to 10,000 BC, making it 11,000 to 12,000 years old. It's a massive complex with massive stone structures. Is this not evidence of a civilization with advanced mathematics, organization and architecture? These people were not goat herders. Why does main stream archaeology remain silent about this complex?

Reply
EP
12/14/2014 03:45:57 am

"Why does main stream archaeology remain silent about this complex?"

What are you talking about?! It's universally recognized as a great archaeological discovery. It's been discovered and is being excavated by "mainstream" archaeologists. Your dates are probably a bit exaggerated, but no one is denying that it's an extremely early, extremely advanced site, which will fundamentally change our understanding of prehistory.

Before complaining about "mainstream archaeology" remaining silent, perhaps you should ask yourself which "mainstream" archaeological publications you've consulted and whether your verdict is warranted...

Reply
Clint Knapp
12/14/2014 04:02:42 am

If I didn't know better... I'd suggest EP is a member of the vast conspiracy to post what I'm thinking before I can hit submit! Prove me wrong!

EP
12/14/2014 04:09:37 am

Wouldn't the simplest explanation be that you're just the slowest of the bunch? :P

Clint Knapp
12/14/2014 04:28:36 am

Yup. Hence the 'know better' bit ;)

Clint Knapp
12/14/2014 04:00:20 am

In short, it doesn't:
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/gobekli-tepe-the-worlds-first-temple-83613665/?no-ist

Gobekli Tepe is positively swarming with archaeologists, and yes, the consensus is that the builders were hunter-gatherers who lived at least part of the year in villages and came together to build a central worship site. There's no advanced technology or mathematics required to build what are essentially circles of pillars.

It was never an inhabited site. No tools or the usual detritus of a sustained occupation have been found, leading to the suggestion it's exactly as it appears; a ritual complex frequented and added to over time by otherwise nomadic people.

The site has been known since 1963 and the first excavations began in earnest in 1995. While certainly an interesting megalithic site and an important one in uncovering another layer of humanity's growth and understanding of the world, it's no proof of any advanced civilization. Only the fringe shysters like Linda Moulton Howe, scraping at anything made of stone for proof of aliens and/or Atlantis have made it out to be such; generally because they can't be bothered to actually follow the scholarship out of a perverse insistence that "mainstream archaeology" can do nothing but lie and hide the great Truth from the masses.

Reply
EP
12/14/2014 04:05:05 am

It's people like these assholes who try to suppress exploration of important archaeological sites, not "mainstream" archaeologists:

http://d121tcdkpp02p4.cloudfront.net/clim/45488/the-battle-for-seahenge-002.jpg

Tom Dietrich
12/14/2014 05:51:47 am

You make many good points, but main stream archaeologists have not been swarming over the sight by the thousands for the last 20 years. A few yes, but not that many. The cutting of 16 foot stones weighing 10 tons with elaborate carvings of animals would have taken sophisticated people who understood math, geometry and architecture. These people were not goat herders. Ask any modern day stone mason if they could do it today with primitive tools not using math and geometry and no understanding of architecture. Not possible. Since it is a 22 acre temple complex with is 95% unexcavated, there is much more to be learned. Thanks for your comments.

EP
12/14/2014 06:12:25 am

Contemporary masons don't work with primitive tools, so whether they would be able to do it is irrelevant.

You are exaggerating how elaborate the site is and how much knowledge it would have taken to build it. There is no reason why "goat herders" couldn't understand what a straight line is or how to cut a figure into the side of a stone.

You also seem to be under the impression that the site was constructed in one go, as opposed to over the course of hundreds or even thousands of years.

You're also retreating from your earlier claim about mainstream archaeologists to a less extreme but equally false one.

Clint Knapp
12/14/2014 06:31:56 am

First, I'm quite certain I didn't say 'thousands' of anything.

Second, we're talking about limestone here. Limestone is anything but difficult to cut. All it takes is a harder rock; of which there are too many to count. Limestone is such a fragile substance you can dissolve it easily with a can of 7-Up. To suggest that modern stonemasons are incapable of working limestone into rectangular shapes is folly indeed; the foundation of my house is made of blocks of limestone hewn by farmers.

Again, no, they were not goat herders. They were hunter-gatherers who spent at least part of the year living in villages; meaning they had time and ample food supplies to sit around breaking rocks.

It takes exactly zero math to form something into an imperfect rectangle or to carve a crude animal shapes; most of which are bas-reliefs. Millions of artists working in all manner of sculpting mediums make more sophisticated shapes without ever sitting down and figuring out the math and geometry every day, and we're talking about the same species here; homo sapiens. Artistic skill and mathematic skill are not mutually inclusive.

Remember too, this is not an overnight creation by a single group of artisans. The complex has two distinct phases of use spanning nearly 2,000 years. By even the most generous allotment of time, that's one circle, or about 20 pillars every 100 years. Of limestone.

You're right about there being much more to learn as excavation continues, but these assertions requiring vast mathematical knowledge and advanced tools are entirely baseless. Stone tools of any stone harder than the limestone the site is made of will suffice for cutting and shaping the rock, and a few ropes and a team of strong backs will move a 10-20 ton block in no time.

Tom Dietrich
12/14/2014 06:36:20 am

My comment was in response to Clint Knapp's comment, not to EP's comment. But any modern day stone mason would still tell you the stones could not have been cut and placed as they are without knowledge of math, geometry and architecture. If the Goat Herders had acquired those skills then they could do it. And yes, the construction would have spanned hundreds of years at least.

Only Me
12/14/2014 08:12:00 am

Tom, I understand what you're saying, but I think you're trying to attribute knowledge to the builders of Gobekli Tepe that they most likely didn't have. Let me demonstrate how easy it is to determine a standard set of measurements for a stone block, without advanced mathematics.

Chief Tojo wants a wall built, with each stone the same size. He tells Baka, a trusted friend, he wants each stone "as tall as my waist, as wide as my reach and as long as both my arms." Baka solves this by:

a) Taking a stick or rope and measuring from the ground to the top of Tojo's hips. He cuts the stick/rope.
b) While Tojo stands with his arms held wide, Baka measures from fingertip to fingertip, then cuts again.
c) Baka measures Tojo's right arm from the shoulder to his fingertip, twice, then makes one last cut.

Now Baka has a set of precut sticks/ropes matching Tojo's requirements. He can now make as many more sets as he needs and distribute them to the teams that will be cutting and shaping the blocks. Is this precise? No. But, the stones will match close enough Tojo's wall can be built. If the stone used is durable enough--and excluding a natural disaster, such as an earthquake--there's no reason the wall won't stand for centuries.

Along comes an archaeological team to investigate Tojo's wall. They can take precise measurements of the blocks. Would this be evidence of advanced mathematics? Of course not. We, in the present day, wouldn't know this, unless Baka recorded how the dimensions of the blocks were determined, and that record survived the ages.

As for geometry, there's a reason why squares, rectangles, circles and even pyramids are considered *basic shapes*. It wouldn't have been hard for ancient people to reproduce them. Advanced architectural knowledge only becomes necessary as designs become more complex, and both appeared at roughly the same time as our ancestors accumulated experience.

Gobekli Tepe is impressive, but a project spanning generations doesn't necessarily equal advanced knowledge.

EP
12/14/2014 08:20:55 am

"Hallelujah 8-9-10! Hey, Tojo! Count yo men!" :D

Only Me
12/14/2014 08:58:00 am

@EP

I see what you did there ;)

EP
12/14/2014 09:00:27 am

For real?

Only Me
12/14/2014 09:07:57 am

Yep. Popular WW2 song, if I remember correctly. Damned if I can remember a specific performer, though.

Tom Dietrich
12/14/2014 10:10:38 am

Only Me, You make some good points. Thanks for your input.

EP
12/14/2014 10:28:38 am

Tom Dietrich, could you list some of the mainstream academic literature you surveyed before jumping to the conclusion that mainstream archaeology is silent about Gobekli Tepe?

Jamie Eckles
12/14/2014 11:29:30 am

So Hancock has really given up on Velikovsky's nonsense? That would be disheartening to some of the fringe folks I know who worship Hancock. It still amazes me that people cling to the belief in rapid crustal displacement.

Reply
Jamie Eckles
12/14/2014 11:31:30 am

And thanks for the discussion on Gobekli Tepe. I'm fascinated with the place.

Reply
a linkage between megabeast deaths? link
12/26/2014 03:07:34 am

http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AGUSMPP43A..02K

In 1940, a dark charcoal-rich layer, 10 to 15cm thick, was found within the Late Pleistocene Coversands of the Netherlands, and named the Usselo Layer (de Laag van Usselo) by its discoverer, archaeologist CCJW Hijszeler (1902-1982). Usselo is a village near Enschedé, a few kilometres from the Dutch-German border. Research started after the war, and publications, both scientific and popular, came forth in the 1950s. By pollen content, the layer was dated to the Alleröd, the last interstadial of the Würm (Wisconsin) glaciation; radiocarbon dating indicated (pre-AMS) dates of about 11,200 14C BP. Identification of the layer at other localities was visual, and it was found in Belgium, France, Germany, Poland, and Belarus; it was also found in the UK and in Denmark, in which countries, however, no correlation was made with the other occurrences. Hijszeler had found the layer all over the Netherlands and abroad from Ostende to Hamburg, and he hypothesized the cause as a general wildfire provoked by the eruption of an Eiffel volcano. The European geologists and archaeologists, however, did not adopt his views and interpreted the layer as a paleosol, vitiating the chronology by representing the layer as the result of a long development, instead of as an eolian sediment laid down perhaps in a day or even less that provides us with a sharp marker horizon. The prehistoric Clovis culture of North America was found in the 1930s and dated to the Twocreekan, the last interstadial of the Wisconsin glaciation. The Clovis layer was especially investigated by archaeologist C.Vance Haynes Jr. Visually, the layer is easily identifiable with the Usselo Horizon of Europe. Its stratigraphic position is coincident with the end of the Clovis culture and with the disappearance of the Pleistocene megafauna. In Europe, there is a clear correlation with the sudden demise of the Magdalenian culture, best known for the Franco-Cantabrian cave paintings, and with megafaunal extinctions such as those of the Irish elk, the cave bear, and cave lion. Recently, Richard Firestone and Allen West in North America have carried out an intensive field and laboratory investigation, suspecting an extraterrestrial cause for the extinctions and the cultural discontinuity, with the Clovis layer as the extinction layer, an all-important witness to the catastrophe. They achieved positive results, the most spectacular one perhaps being the iridium content, because that element became well-known in the 1980s as an impact indicator in the K-T boundary layer. Other results include the presence of glass-like carbon, magnetic microspherules, and high levels of potassium-40. Being aware of the similarities in the Late Pleistocene stratigraphical records of Europe and North America, I contacted Firestone and West in 2005, and early in 2006 I sent them samples of the Usselo Horizon from Lommel, Belgium. The analyses they carried out yielded high levels of impact indicators, including magnetic grains, metallic spherules, carbon glass, charcoal, and in the magnetic fraction, high iridium content. These findings largely confirm the identity of the two ET impact layers on either side of the Atlantic Ocean. Hijszeler(1957) Geol.Mijnb.NS 19: 288-302. Haynes and Hemmings (1968) Science 159: 186-7. Wolbach, et al. (1985) Science 230: 167-170. Kloosterman (1999) Symp. New Scenarios of Solar System Evolution, Univ.Bergamo. (Abstract 2002). Kloosterman (2000) De Laag van Usselo, de Wereldbrand en de Verdwijntruc. Bres 201: 63-74. Kloosterman (2006) "De Komeetinslag van 13.000 jaar geleden." Frontier Mag. 12/1: 44- 45. Firestone, et al. (2006) The Cycle of Cosmic Catastrophes. Bear and Co., Rochester, Vermont.

Reply
Johan B.Kloosterman
12/2/2015 06:06:08 pm

This text was copied from me, without mentioning the source.

.My 2000 paper in Dutch (De Laag van Usselo . . ) was recently published in the SIS review, translated by Rens van der Sluijs.

Reply
links
12/26/2014 03:21:47 am

https://occupyessays.wordpress.com/2013/02/04/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-human-empire-by-dr-steven-best-usa/

http://cosmictusk.com/face-off-pbs-moderates-on-line-debate-between-proponents-and-detractors-of-younger-dryas-cosmic-impact/

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/02/100203-asteroid-collision-earth-global-cooling/

http://www.creationism.org/books/BibliographyCelestialCatastrophism.htm


http://archaeology.about.com/od/climatechange/a/masse_king_4.htm


http://www.gsa.org.au/pdfdocuments/publications/TAG156.pdf

http://elib.krasu.ru/bitstream/2311/1636/1/03_.pdf


http://www.earthmagazine.org/article/giant-dunes-not-mega-tsunami-deposits


http://disinfo.com/2014/06/randall-carlson-responds-critics-chevrons-megatsunamis-bolide-impacts/


Reply
LC
5/4/2015 11:38:02 am

This author is guilty of the half-hearted accusations he flings at so called fringe scientists. There is an armada of impact evidence not related to either Collins or Hancock from institutions the world over. He has simple chosen a few that fit his world view - that's not science

http://phys.org/news/2013-09-prehistoric-climate-due-cosmic-canada.html

Reply
E.P. Grondine
9/16/2015 07:11:48 pm

Hi EP -

I do not know who you are, but I can get into trouble enough all by myself, thank you so very much.

For the Holocene Start Impact Event, see:
http://archaeologica.boardbot.com/viewtopic.php?f=9&t=3656
http://archaeologica.boardbot.com/viewtopic.php?f=9&t=3668&p=71791#p71791

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      • Medieval Texts >
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          • Al-Suyuti on the Pyramids
        • The Hunt for Noah's Ark
        • Byzantine World Chronicle
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        • Chronicle to 724
        • Agobard on Magonia
        • Pseudo-Diocles Fragmentum
        • Book of Thousands
        • Voyage of Saint Brendan
        • Power of Art and of Nature
        • Travels of Sir John Mandeville
        • Yazidi Revelation and Black Book
        • Al-Biruni on the Great Flood
        • Voyage of the Zeno Brothers
        • The Kensington Runestone (Hoax)
        • Islamic Discovery of America
        • Popol Vuh
        • The Aztec Creation Myth
      • Lost Civilizations >
        • Atlantis >
          • Plato's Atlantis Dialogues >
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          • Fragments on Atlantis
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          • W. Scott-Elliot >
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        • Lost Cities >
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      • Giants in the Earth >
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          • Fossils and the Supernatural
          • Fossils, Myth, and Pseudo-History
          • Man During the Stone Age
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          • Fossils and Myth
          • Fossil Origin of the Cyclops
          • History of Paleontology
        • Fragments on Giants
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        • Boccaccio and the Fossil 'Giant'
        • Book of Howth
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        • Edmond Temple's 1827 Giant Investigation
        • The Giants of Sardinia
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        • The Magnetism of Evil
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        • Smithsonian Giant Reports
        • Early American Giants
        • The Giant of Coahuila
        • Jewish Encyclopedia on Giants
        • Index of Giants
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        • Lanier's A Book of Giants
      • Science and History >
        • Halley on Noah's Comet
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        • Maspero's Review of Akhbar al-zaman
        • Arabic Names of Egyptian Kings
        • The Holy Grail as Lucifer's Crown Jewel
        • The Mutinous Sea
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        • Fabulous Zoology
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        • Maqrizi's Names of the Pharaohs
      • Extreme History >
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        • The Secret Doctrine >
          • Volume 1: Cosmogenesis
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        • Phoenicians in America
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        • Chronology and the "Riddle of the Sphinx"
        • The Faith of Ancient Egypt
        • Remarkable Discoveries Within the Sphinx (Hoax)
        • Spirit of the Hour in Archaeology
        • Book of the Damned
        • Great Pyramid As Noah's Ark
        • The Shaver Mystery >
          • Lovecraft and the Deros
          • Richard Shaver's Proofs
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        • "Flying Saucers"? They're a Myth
        • UFO Hypothesis Survival Questions
        • Air Force Academy UFO Textbook
        • The Condon Report on Ancient Astronauts
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        • Scott Wolter Lawsuit
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      • Ancient Extraterrestrials >
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        • Aerolites and Religion
        • What Is Theosophy?
        • Plane of Ether
        • The Adepts from Venus
      • A Message from Mars
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      • Report on UFOs
    • The Supernatural >
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      • The Cursed Car
    • Classic Fiction >
      • Lucian's True History
      • Some Words with a Mummy
      • The Coming Race
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      • Lot No. 249
      • The Novel of the Black Seal
      • The Island of Doctor Moreau
      • Pharaoh's Curse
      • Edison's Conquest of Mars
      • The Lost Continent
      • Count Magnus
      • The Mysterious Stranger
      • The Wendigo
      • Sredni Vashtar
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      • The Red One
      • H. P. Lovecraft >
        • Dagon
        • The Call of Cthulhu
        • History of the Necronomicon
        • At the Mountains of Madness
        • Lovecraft's Library in 1932
      • The Skeptical Poltergeist
      • The Corpse on the Grating
      • The Second Satellite
      • Queen of the Black Coast
      • A Martian Odyssey
    • Classic Genre Movies
    • Miscellaneous Documents >
      • The Balloon-Hoax
      • A Problem in Greek Ethics
      • The Migration of Symbols
      • The Gospel of Intensity
      • De Profundis
      • The Life and Death of Crown Prince Rudolf
      • The Bathtub Hoax
      • Crown Prince Rudolf's Letters
      • Position of Viking Women
      • Employment of Homosexuals
    • Free Classic Pseudohistory eBooks
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