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H. P. Lovecraft, Nazism, and Psychic Contact with Aliens

8/5/2014

52 Comments

 
Today’s post is going up a bit late. Due to a faulty underground cable, more than 5,000 homes and businesses here in Albany lost power this morning. As a result of the outage, I had no power, no internet access, and no way to prepare a blog entry until power was restored this afternoon. Fortunately, however, the power came back on before the ice cream melted.

As you will recall, we’ve been discussing anti-Semitism and Nazism in conjunction with fringe history, so I thought it would be interesting to extend that to a discussion of where these concepts intersect with H. P. Lovecraft. The most obvious place was in Lovecraft’s support for Hitler and his hatred of the Jews, as he wrote in his letters, some of which were quoted by S. T. Joshi in his various books on Lovecraft. (Note: Lovecraft scholars, unlike fringe writers, acknowledge anti-Semitic and racist material.)
Here he is on Hitler, writing, it should be noted, in the early and mid-1930s, before Kristallnacht laid bare Hitler’s goals:
[Hitler’s] vision is of course romantic & immature, & coloured with a fact-ignoring emotionalism … There surely is an actual Hitler peril—yet that cannot blind us to the honest rightness of the man’s basic urge … I repeat that there is a great & pressing need behind every one of the major planks of Hitlerism—racial-cultural continuity, conservative cultural ideals, & an escape from the absurdities of Versailles. The crazy thing is not what Adolf wants, but the way he sees it & starts out to get it. I know he's a clown, but by God, I like the boy!
And now on the Jews:
As for New York—there is no question but that its overwhelming Semitism has totally removed it from the American stream. Regarding its influence on literary & dramatic expression—it is not so much that the country is flooded directly with Jewish authors, as that Jewish publishers determine just which of our Aryan writers shall achieve print & position. That means that those of us who least express our own people have the preference. Taste is insidiously moulded along non-Aryan lines—so that, no matter how intrinsically good the resulting body of literature may be, it is a special, rootless literature which does not represent us.
Lovecraft differed from Hitler—but prefigured Jan Van Helsing—in claiming that Jewish culture, not the Jewish race or people were responsible for the pollution of Aryan culture and could be opposed without violence: “Gawd knows I have no wish to injure any race under the sun, but I do think that something ought to be done to free American expression from the control of any element which seeks to curtail it, distort it, or remodel it in any direction other than its natural course.”

Lovecraft’s hatred of foreigners and foreign cultures is a well-established leitmotif of his horror fiction, and his anti-Semitic ideas manifest in his fiction’s frequent allusion to the way a small cult of worshipers of the “old” gods—echoing the Old Testament—are plotting in secret to overthrow Aryan-Christian culture and replace it with an alien other.

It is therefore no surprise that Lovecraft’s fiction is so closely intertwined with fringe culture and its conspiracies and anti-Semitic overtones.

That brings to a related but distinct bit of information I came across in researching Esoteric Nazism. I discovered the work of the occultist Peter Levenda, widely believed to be the author of the Simon Necronomicon. Levenda is famous as the author of books on conspiracies and Esoteric Nazism, including Unholy Alliance: A History of Nazi Involvement With the Occult (1994). Levenda also asserts the existence of a Freemason conspiracy and apparently believes in 9/11 mysticism.

Last year Levenda took up the subject of H. P. Lovecraft again in The Dark Lord: H. P. Lovecraft, Kenneth Grant, and the Typhonian Tradition in Magic (2013). The book deals with “magick” and its supposed relation to imaginary versions of Lovecraft’s Necronomicon. This isn’t the interesting part. The interesting part is where Levenda attempts to argue that the Cthulhu Mythos has a reality beyond this world using the same arguments that Ancient Aliens uses to assert that Albert Einstein and Nikola Tesla obtained their ideas: telepathically, from space beings. Here Levenda seizes on the coincidence that Aleister Crowley used the word Tutulu while Lovecraft wrote of Cthulhu to propose telepathic communication from beyond:
In any event, to suggest that these two men cooperated or collaborated in any deliberate way would be the height (or depth!) of conspiracy theory. It may actually be more logical to suggest—as an explanation for some of these coincidences—that darker forces were at work. In fact, it is possible that the same forces of which Lovecraft himself writes—the telepathic communication between followers of Cthulhu and the Old Ones—was what prompted him to write these fictional accounts of real events.
The fact of the matter is that “tutulu” was a common enough verbalization before Crowley first used it in 1908, being one of many homophones in Samoan, Hawaiian, and other Polynesian tongues, usually used to mean weeping or leaking. This word occurs in countless travelogues and missionary books, many of which would have been known to Crowley or to Lovecraft. In Tonga, an octopus god named Tutula was known and written about in Western ethnography, and Plutarch wrote of a person named Tutula in his Life of Camillus. Given all this, it becomes more difficult to try to see a nefarious connection across space and time.

Levenda gently acknowledges racism in Crowley’s and Lovecraft’s work (in an endnote for Lovecraft), and he also takes a swipe and ancient astronaut writers. He notes that the tendency to see connections between widely scattered occurrences of occult symbols—proposed by Crowley and seen in fictional form in Lovecraft—was “taken to its logical extreme” by the Nazis in Himmler’s quest to find “Aryan” symbols around the world. He then notes the parallel to the ancient astronaut theory, which he sees as “close to Lovecraft’s idea than an ancient race from the stars once inhabited the Earth.” (No fooling: I think I’ve pretty much cornered the market on that idea.) Levenda, though, wants to throw out the racism and the cultural appropriation as corruption of a purer magical truth, not unlike the efforts of fringe writers to boil away the context of old fringe history claims to purify them of the racist, colonialist, and imperialist matrix in which they arose.

It’s rather astounding (well, maybe not really) that even in the world of “magick” we find the same combination of claims—psychic contact with the Beyond, a real truth beneath science fiction, and vague connections between the occult and the Nazis—that we also find in fringe history and ufology. There really are occult connections... just not the ones that the occultists go on about.

52 Comments
EP
8/5/2014 08:39:10 am

Jason, do you think Lovecraft would have been exposed to the ideas of Bal Gangadhar Tilak's "The Arctic Home in the Vedas"? It should be of particular interest to you because it is one of the major sources of the Hindu-Nazi link. Many of its themes made their way into the work of Savitri Devi, and from there into the milieu out of which "The Morning of the Magicians" emerges.

It could, potentially, help shed new light on the parallels between Lovecraft and "The Work of the Magicians"...

Reply
Gregor
8/5/2014 08:57:32 am

I had been meaning to ask this - I'm familiar with NAZI-ism in the "secular" sense, if you will, but I've never really dove into the crazy-pool that is esoterica. I know that in broad swaths, NAZI beliefs were influenced by a hodge-podge of pagan faiths and various inter-war-period occult societies... to what degree, though, did "NAZI Esoterica" become it's own thing?

Obviously many of these ideas long predated National Socialism, though perhaps not "all in one place", and it leaves me curious as to whether NAZI esoterica is really something to be discussed on its own, or if it's more a particularly unfortunate offshoot of a long-lived undercurrent of fringe beliefs?

Reply
EP
8/5/2014 09:14:46 am

On the one hand, it is not the case that Nazism grew out of occult societies or was even particularly influenced by them. If anything, it's the opposite: various fringe figures (esotericists, pseudoscientists) ingratiated themselves with the Nazi establishment - either because of genuine sympathy to the ideology or for purely self-serving reasons.

After the defeat of Nazi Germany, esoteric ideas became closely connected with Nazism proper - largely because they helped make sense of the defeat, answer some of the charges against the Nazis, and define an enthusiastic vision for the future of Nazism. For example, myths of "Nazi UFOs from the undeground Antarctic bases" emerge out of false theories concerning the Reich never having surrendered and legally claiming parts of Antarctica, where the remains of the SS forces are hiding with their superweapons, bidding their time until the final victorious war.

666
8/5/2014 09:26:53 am

Guido List, Jörg Lanz von Liebenfels and the Thule Society existed long before Hitler and the Nazis

Not the Comte de Saint Germain
8/5/2014 12:13:15 pm

EP is correct. The major scholar on Nazi-related esoterica was Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke, whose book The Occult Roots of the Third Reich, which I have read, shows that German nationalist (völkisch) esotericists formed a significant undercurrent in the culture of interwar Germany. They drew on a lot of esoteric standby themes, especially the "root race" theory found in Theosophy, whose racial bias toward "Aryans" made it a natural fit. But the esoteric völkisch movements didn't have many direct connections with the Nazis, and hardly any with Hitler himself. The most esoteric figure in the Nazi inner circle was Heinrich Himmler, who incorporated esoteric völkisch themes into the ideology of the SS. The influence of occultism on Nazism didn't go much further than that.

Most of the Nazi-related ideas you find mentioned on this blog were created after the war, and they blew the tenuous connections between the Nazis and the occult völkisch movements way out of proportion. Apparently a lot of these claims were produced by Nazi sympathizers. Goodrick-Clarke's other major book, Black Sun (which I have not read) traces how neo-Nazi movements have integrated occult and neopagan themes to the point that many of them are practically religious movements. So Nazi occultism has definitely become a subset of the esoteric milieu, but it only did so after the original incarnation of Nazism was destroyed.

EP
8/5/2014 12:19:28 pm

"Black Sun" is awesome. I just finished it.

666
8/5/2014 11:49:03 pm

Goodrick-Clarke believed in a load of crap as well

Jason Colavito link
8/5/2014 11:36:13 am

My guess would be no, but he probably knew, if only secondhand, of the similar idea in William F. Warren's "Paradise Found" (1885), about why the Garden of Eden was at the North Pole.

Reply
666
8/5/2014 09:05:22 am

Lovecraft of course was married to a Jewish woman

Reply
Mark link
8/5/2014 10:33:15 am

He regarded her as culturally assimilated, and thus okay. An example of how, at least towards the Jews, he was a cultural bigot rather then a biological bigot.

(Hi, first time I've posted here.)

Reply
Gregor
8/5/2014 10:40:39 am

Hello!

Zach
8/5/2014 12:51:06 pm

I still never got though why Lovecraft would still marry Sonia Greene. Like what Mark said, as Lovecraft was very much a cultural bigot who saw his wife as being culturally assimilated, it still doesn't mean he didn't have his own reservations. After all he was still very much a biological and scientific racist as well. His racist essays on black Americans, as well as his bigotry towards the Asians, Italians, and Portuguese during his time in New York, show that he was a conservative in both regards. Either way he comes off as both a hypocrite as well as a bigot.

Welcome to the blog Mark. :)

Reply
Gregor
8/5/2014 12:52:57 pm

-shrug- Sexual kinks? It's happened with virtually every other bigoted segment of society.

Zach
8/5/2014 01:10:59 pm

That's the thing - for the most part, up to the point that he met Sonia, based on what I've read, he really didn't show any interest in sex or romantic relationships.

Mark link
8/6/2014 05:57:51 am

From S. T. Joshi's bio, <i>I Am Providence</i>, I got the impression that Lovecraft was flattered by the attention of a strong-willed, well-to-do (at the time) woman who thought he was a genius and was willing to be a replacement for his dead mother.

It definitely wasn't sex. As far as I know, there's no evidence Lovecraft <i>ever</i> had sex with <i>anyone</i> other then Sonia Greene. I think he was almost certainly what we would today call asexual.

EP
8/6/2014 06:16:56 am

Who WOULDN'T be flattered by that?! :)

Gregor
8/6/2014 06:59:21 am

@EP

+1

@Zach

Just for what it's worth, "Sexual Kinks" need not be about actual intercourse or other narrowly defined sexual acts. Power, pain, certain behaviors or physical features... there's any number of things that could be a "kink" without meaning "that went in that".

@Mark

Having sex at all belies "asexuality". One can be picky without being asexual, especially if one has clear misogynistic or otherwise bigoted predilections.

EP
8/6/2014 07:01:04 am

Having sex at all doesn't really "belie" asexuality. Just like having hetero intercourse doesn't belie homosexuality.

spookyparadigm
8/6/2014 07:32:18 am

Mark correctly points out that Lovecraft's mother had recently died. After he left Sonia, he went to live with his aunts for the rest of his life.

He couldn't hold down a job during the Roaring 20s. His attempts to gain employment were pathetic, and he clearly preferred hanging out with his friends blabbering on about literature and tombstones and poets.

He was constantly "on-line" writing letters to friends all day, pontificating about all sorts of topics, none of which was he professionally trained in, most of them topics he knew a little about from outdated sources.

His passion was hanging around with his friends making up stories in semi-shared fantasy universes. Today, we call that fan fic, WoW, and D&D.

He was all kinds of emo, including bemoaning the world around him, supposedly carrying poison in case he decided to commit suicide (he may have told this to some people, though it may or may not have been true).

HPL was the 1920s-equivalent of a dork living in his mother's basement blogging and hanging out online all day (probably under the screen-name alhazred). He was talented, but if he was alive today, do you see him doing something else?

As for asexuality, I know a lot of those who comment on him make this argument, and maybe there is something to it. But its hard not to give a queer reading to a number of his early stories (From Beyond, The Hound, The Other Gods, The Statement of Randolph Carter) which involved two men, one dominant but haughty, who sneak about doing "forbidden" things.

If you don't buy it, try flipping the gender of the protagonist. Many of HPL's stories get really interesting if you do so. In From Beyond, becomes an older mentor and his younger female student (and whatever it was that caused their grudge) who he lures to his house in order to kill because of some perceived slight (and rather than "I carry a pistol because it's dangerous" it becomes "I carry a pistol because he's dangerous"). Never minding the issue of Lovecraft's early "duo" tales, its a fascinating exercise. Some of the stories, especially the more cosmic ones, don't change at all (Cthulhu, Colour Out of Space, Most of Shadow Out of Time). But those involving relationships or sexuality in any real sense, absolutely change. As every Gillman movie after Shadow Over Innsmouth shows, the scenario takes on a completely different tenor with a woman running away from the Deep Ones.

EP
8/6/2014 07:43:51 am

It's really easy not to give queer readings to stuff. You just have to remember that it's not always all about sex. :)

spookyparadigm
8/6/2014 08:03:01 am

No, but those early stories are about relationships and a specific recurring kind of relationship. Lovecraft told stories about hyperdimensions later on with solitary protagonists, elderly scholars, broken family men, and others. This is also when the protagonists became less important to the theme of the story, acting just as proxies for the reader.

The early transgressing duo stories really seem of a different piece.

EP
8/6/2014 08:12:16 am

Aside from the part where I was just teasing, I really don't mean to suggest that queer (or feminist, or Marxist, or whatever) readings are never applicable OR that they aren't applicable to Lovecraft in particular. I just think it's the kind of thing that it's almost impossible not to find once you set out to look for it. I also think it's usually nowhere near as illuminating as the prevalence of such readings would suggest.

It is also important to keep in mind that we know a lot less about Lovecraft's sexuality than we do about how socially maladjusted and psychologically odd he was. Just because he depicts of a relationship in terms we (or even his contemporaries) automatically associate with sexuality, doesn't mean that he would have been sensitive to it, or even cared. (The same goes for other oddball writers - Nietzsche, Emily Dickinson, etc.)

spookyparadigm
8/6/2014 10:41:29 am

I'm not a litcrit guy, so I don't have any love for viewing things persistently through the lens of sexuality, and I'm not 70 years old, so no Freud for me. I think the pop-lit readings of HPL writing a bunch of scary stories about tentacled vaginas are idiotic, unless people think he was wanking it to Haeckel's illustrations of crinoids.

I don't necessarily suspect HPL was purposely evoking a romantic or sexual relationship in the "duo" stories. In fact, my guess is that there is some literature he was using as a model for these, presumably amongst the Decadents (hence The Hound, which if it isn't parody* of some kind, I'd be shocked), that probably WAS trying to impart that undertone, and he may not have noticed.

*this is how I see The Hound, at least the first half, before it turns into stock curse tale

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1L8wftRFLX0

Mark link
8/7/2014 04:55:50 am

@Gregor: As EP says, having sexual intercourse doesn't mean you're not asexual. Considering that, after Sonia, he never even *tried* to have another relationship, even after he'd had his horizons opened up a bit, suggests to me he just wasn't interested in one.

@spookyparadigm: At least for "The Hound", I always assumed that the protagonists were supposed to be gay, but that this was supposed to show how Decadent and Depraved they were. In general, I find the arguments that HPL's stories are supposed to reflect *his own* sexuality less then compelling.

Titus pullo
8/5/2014 11:30:34 am

Very informative jason. The only points I would slightly add to are your comment on kristalnacht showing hitlers true intent. The nazis antisemitec campaign was well known and that horrible day was precipitated by a Jewish man who shot a german diplomat in Paris. It was the supposed last. Straw according to the nazis who had jinxed up the mob to be ready to start the looting and killing. It wasn't centrally organiEd but an organic event from building up so much hate. The other more interesting question is why antisemitism in the first place in Germany? Jews were more assimilated there than anywhere, they thought of themselves as good patriotic Germans yet you see the same acquisitions, control ver banking, academia, govt, having the inside track to profiting and so on. And the same old stuff about Jews being communists. Some were but so were Gentiles. Why this hatred? That is a topic we should ask why?

Reply
EP
8/5/2014 11:35:42 am

There are many books you could read about it. Some would even tell you all about how Kristallnacht was anything but "an organic event". In fact, it was deliberately organized by the Nazis in a way that would create an impression of spontaneity (which didn't really fool anyone at the time).

Reply
Gregor
8/5/2014 11:59:17 am

Just to echo some of EP's comments - virtually nothing of what happened to, or because of, the NAZIs was "organic". Not only were their own actions & reactions against the 'outside world' heavily orchestrated... there were multiple elements within the NAZI movement that despised each other and routinely fabricated "evidence" to sway Hitler (and others) one way or the other. One of the more well documented examples was Himmler vs. Göring (with Himmler frequently flat-out lying to Hitler in order to bring about certain "desired outcomes").

As for "why antisemitism" - again, as EP said, there are *many* books about it. The anti-semitic undercurrents in pre-war Germany stretch back centuries, and have a multitude of religious and socio-political origins.

Reply
EP
8/5/2014 12:09:45 pm

If you read German, check out the work of Armin Pfahl-Traughber... I mention him specifically because he does a lot of work on contemporary German extremists and he considers Van Helsing's brand of esoteric Neo-Nazism an alarming development. :)

Josef Karpinovic
8/5/2014 11:46:37 am

@EP-
I think it's very likely that Lovecraft would have been familiar with the 'arctic Aryan' concept, as espoused by Tilak. I don't know a whole lot about Lovecraft, and his particular brand of fiction has never been my cup of tea, but from what I do know of him I think that he probably labored under the common misconception that fails to distinguish between a loose ethno-cultural group-like the 'proto indo europeans', for example-and a 'race' in the strict biological sense. A lot of the pseudo-scientific nazi garbage stems from the conflation of those two things. To this day it's very difficult for many folks to understand that the indo-Aryans were an ethno-cultural group that existed within the greater framework of the indo-european community, rather than a 'race' as such. The common terminology of Lovecraft and Hitler's time lent itself easily to that sort of confusion, I think.

Reply
EP
8/5/2014 12:06:50 pm

I don't know Lovecraft as well as Jason does, so I was just curious whether Tilak specifically could have been familiar to Lovecraft. There was a million versions of the same ideas in the air at the time, of course.

Reply
.
8/6/2014 03:07:14 am

let alone "hollow earth" ideas...

JJ
8/5/2014 02:06:47 pm

did Lovecraft use Theban in any of his books, frontpiece or other?

Reply
Titus pullo
8/5/2014 03:18:47 pm

So was he anti Zionist or anti Semitic or was his view that the views jews generally had were a threat? One can be against central banking and deficit spending. The problem is certain views are tied to a group. Then it becomes certain folks will identify the group with these positions and from there it is easy to blame the group for these policies. Which is what the nazis did. One can be against comminism and not be antis emetic but the nazis believed they were one send the same.

Reply
Only Me
8/5/2014 05:58:05 pm

What you're talking about is known as Economic Anti-Semitism. It started in the Middle Ages, stopped shortly after the Jewish emancipation and was reinstated by the Nazis before WW2.

Reply
666
8/5/2014 11:51:31 pm

Anti-Semitism started from the Get-Go
It's called the history of the Church

666
8/5/2014 11:52:21 pm

"Jew" was a swear word within Roman Catholicism

666
8/5/2014 11:55:50 pm

Need to get back to the basic fact that Anti-Semitism was mainstream prejudice in mainstream everyday life long before the conspiracy theories began - and that the Anti-Semitic conspiracies stemmed from mainstream Anti-Semitism in mainstream life

Zach
8/6/2014 09:00:17 am

I don't know if this has been brought up yet, but I just read this passage from my 1988 edition of Maurice Levy's book "Lovecraft: A Study in the Fantastic" (thanks to Jason for the recommendation) :

"His wife tells us that he heartily admired Hitler and read "Mein Kampf" in one gulp upon its appearance in an English translation. To this influence she attributed Lovecraft's hatred for Jews and the the ethnic minorities of the country. In fact, there was in this invalid worship of the Viking, in this spineless man the veneration of the blond-haired, blue-eyed warrior, and a real or simulated taste for brutality and violence: "The one sound power in the world," he wrote, "is the power of a hairy muscular right arm." To be English is to belong to a "superior race"; it is to be neither Negro nor Jew nor Latin. "

It went on to say how he rejected all liberalism, was warmly sympathetic to fascism when it first rose up in Europe, and also spoke of how he had been racist long before that going all the way back to his youth in 1905.

Reply
spookyparadigm
8/6/2014 10:28:41 am

I think that accurately describes Lovecraft of the 1920s. Once the depression hit, his politics, including race, began to change. A number of biographers/scholars suggest he moved to being a moderate socialist. I'm not sure that's the case, or rather, that it involved much political philosophy. He came to support the New Deal (more on that in a sec), but I get the feeling from both his letters and his fiction, he had finally gotten over the "gentleman" thing (he definitely did later in life, when he realized how much of a prig he had been) and liked the idea of a social safety net in no small part due to his own poverty.

He never stopped being nastily racist towards Africans, but from his letters, he seems to have toned down a good deal in other ways, towards other people. He went on a lot less about Vikings and Teutons, at least in any serious sense, after he moved back to Providence. That said, some Lovecraft scholars think his Teuton letters in the 1920s were humor, I don't think so, I think he was serious about that Anglo-Saxon business.

He was still biologically racist against Africans and Australians, but came to view Asians (which for him included Jews) and others from a "cultural dilution" perspective, that they were as culturally brilliant ... in their own context ... as anyone else. Still what we'd call racist today, still assholish, but a different sort of thing. One way it was different is that he started to praise individuals of "Other" groups. One example is a letter where he goes on praising a rabbi, even criticising antisemites in the same letter, who spoke in favor of the New Deal. Not exactly lining up with the SS on that.

My guess is that he was an asshole who finally realized how awful he was in the last decade of his life, but could only change so fast. I suspect had he lived until WWII, he would have come full circle back to hating the Germans as he had in WWI (can you imagine HPL losing his shit over the Blitz, with his precious Englishmen and their ancient architecture being bombed?). And he really disliked the Japanese in the same way a lot of Americans did in the 1980s, or they dislike China now (or even Russia), assuming a coming war of global domination with the Japanese leading Asia, and assuming they'd win. On December 8, 1941, I suspect that like a lot of Americans (many of them isolationists who suddenly wanted to support the war effort), previously held attitudes would have been cast to the winds and new hatreds brewed.

Reply
EP
8/6/2014 01:38:27 pm

On the other hand, in an obscure little story called "The Call of Chulhu", Lovecraft not only finds a place virtually for every non-white group to be painted in darker colors, but is also persistently speaks of "mongrels" as a biological racist would...

You're definitely right about the important thing, though: A LOT more people than anyone is comfortable admitting (including very intelligent people) held fascist and racist beliefs at that time.

spookyparadigm
8/6/2014 02:15:54 pm

Like I said, 1920s Lovecraft. He wrote that in 1926. He was probably at his height of racism right before that (I mean, the story "He"? "Horror at Red Hook?" Terribly racist), living in NYC.

I don't see any real shift in his racist attitudes until about 1930. He grew up a bit, and stopped waxing on in his letters about Teutons and shit to some degree after about 1926, somewhat, because he went back to Providence and hit his big creative spurt. I think NY, and failing at marriage (though for him it was more the social shame than anything else, he really was awful to Sonia) humbled him a bit.

I would say that from 1915-1925, every awful description of Lovecraft the racist is quite accurate. He got a bit better after that, and especially in the 1930s. Still racist, just not as bad as he was before.

spookyparadigm
8/6/2014 02:21:00 pm

I will also say, had he lived until WWII, I suggested he'd fall in with hatred of Japan. The weird thing, though, is that his hatred would not be the usual bucktooth and glasses Mr. Moto hatred. He viewed Japan not as racial inferiors (though he did) so much as competitors. He definitely seems to have subscribed to some modified version of Arthur Keith's ideas about competition between races. He talked about his belief in a coming race war between Asia and Anglos that he thought Asia would win, and you can see this in some of his future histories, like The Shadow Out of Time.

Asia for Lovecraft is something more like the Yellow Peril and Fu Manchu, he feared them more than despised or looked down upon them.

EP
8/6/2014 03:45:42 pm

I must have become confused - of course Cthulhu isn't a counterexample to what you were saying! :)

I do think that there is quite a lot of really terrible stuff in his later works as well. "Medusa's Coil", "The Mound", etc... It's his "collaborative" stuff, but that doesn't make it less reflective of his attitudes. (I learned from Lovecraft that "prairie-dog" is a racial slur.) And "The Shadow over Innsmouth" is, among other things, an allegory for the dangers of race-mixing.

In fact, now that I think about it, it's almost as though Lovecraft hated race-mixing more than the "inferior" races themselves. I suspect it's tied to his belief in "hereditary memory" putting one at risk of succumbing to the primitive inside oneself if one carries even a small fraction of the blood of the "primitives".

I wonder if his own dark fantasies had made him worry about the purity of his own blood...

spookyparadigm
8/6/2014 04:40:43 pm

With Medusa's Coil, we're of course talking about Africa and he never gave up that racism. And he never had any respect for Native Americans, but in this his attitudes were completely mainstream in white American society well into the 1970s. Though The Mound is less a work of racism per se than just his excuse to do a Lost World story, which he had never done but enjoyed to a point.

But yes, other than Africans and African Americans, Lovecraft's big issue became one of cultural homogeneity. He writes in some of his letters a twisted form of cultural relativity, that members of "Asian" races (he's being vague, but he's usually talking about Middle Easterners and Jews with that label, since his mental universe revolved around the Classical world of Rome) were just as smart, creative, etc. as whites ... in their own world. That troubles began when someone wasn't in their own world, and wouldn't assimilate to the new culture. This is what he'd tell Sonia, that she had properly assimilated, and was now Mrs. Lovecraft of Providence.

I think there is something to the "tainted legacy" thing, probably stemming from the madness of both his parents (both his parents had mental problems and died in asylum, and he wrote story after story about protagonists going mad after learning of their heritage or of the heritage of someone important to them).

This fit very nicely with the massive racial overtones of the day. A lot of people clearly underestimate how much race pervaded popular culture, high culture, science and arts, etc. in the pre-WWII era, before colonialism started crashing down, and before the Nazis provided a wakeup call for a lot of white people.

I'm not making the "he was like everyone else, a product of his times" argument. But I suspect that race theory nicely meshed with more personal worries based on the trauma caused by the illness and death of his parents, and how this brought his "noble" family low and pushed him into poverty and obscurity. His personal tragedy of lineage and class became a global struggle of racially marked global modernity vs. the old pre-industrial order.

EP
8/6/2014 06:04:04 pm

I don't know, I think he might have been dissatisfied with both worlds:

"Whether a renaissance of monarchy and beauty will restore our Western civilisation, or whether the forces of disintegration are already too powerful for even the fascist sentiment to check, none may yet say; but in the present moment of cynical world-unmasking between the pretence of the eighteenhundreds and the ominous mystery of the decades ahead we have at least a flash of the old pagan perspective and the old pagan clearness and honesty."

spookyparadigm
8/7/2014 12:41:40 am

Stuff like that is why I don't get the motivations of Joshi and some others (though mostly Joshi) to focus so much on Lovecraft's philosophy. Yes, I can see that Joshi's focus on Lovecraft's atheism is relevant in that it informed his fiction. A lot of things informed his fiction (which is why I respect Joshi's hard work on the Lovecraft historical material, but I can't really make it through a lot of his commentary since I know what he's going to find interesting),* and how they did so is interesting.

But I don't think HPL had a lot of interesting things to say about them as an essayist. He always seems to hit his limits pretty quickly in discussions (this may be exacerbated to someone reading his letters, by his writing some of the same basic messages to multiple correspondents multiple times), and you can detect his autodidactism in seeing how he didn't seem to learn so much as pick elements, shades, themes, or factoids that support what he already wanted to say.

HPL as a mythographer of modernity (Justin Woodman discusses this in his Treadwell's lectures, but I can't remember if it is his phrase or not) is interesting. HPL as an important figure in both fantastic fiction and occulture (the latter of import on Jason's blog) of course is very interesting. HPL as someone who had much to say about life, science, scholarship, or society (none of which he particularly participated in), not so much.

spookyparadigm
8/7/2014 12:44:17 am

Forgot the * bit

* I have Joshi's "A Life", and have not gotten the expanded biography. One of the major selling points I've heard is that it has a lot more information on the amateur press movement.

Ok, that may be a very important topic, I'm not suggesting it isn't. But for the life of me, I cannot understand why anyone finds it interesting.

Jason Colavito link
8/7/2014 03:01:15 am

To be quite frank, aside from the parts of Lovecraft's letters that deal directly with how he put together his fiction or his reaction to his friends' fiction, I find his letters to be really boring.

EP
8/7/2014 04:01:46 am

Still better than his poetry though.

.
8/7/2014 07:55:29 am

HPL tends to vent at all groups and things in a manner like
a British Tory. Our Founding Fathers were Whigs at one
point. Toryism is into traditions, Edmund Burke is a convert.

Reply
.
8/11/2014 08:04:41 am

we all can also debate if HPL is more or less racist than RMN
was on his own Watergate era White House tapes. Woodward
and Bernstein were on FACE THE NATION recently and talked
about some of the more recently released tapes from the archive.
HPL may have been more brutally direct and totally WASP but
as we all know, Richard Milhous Nixon could be paranoid and
secretive as he hides private things greatly that were abysmal.

http://www.cbsnews.com/videos/bob-woodward-carl-bernstein-reflect-on-watergate-40-years-later/

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      • Extraterrestrial Evolution?
    • Collection: Skeptic Magazine >
      • America Before Review
      • Native American Discovery of Europe
      • Interview: Scott Sigler
      • Golden Fleeced
      • Oh the Horror
      • Discovery of America
      • Supernatural Television
      • Review of Civilization One
      • Who Lost the Middle Ages
      • Charioteer of the Gods
    • Collection: Ancient History >
      • Prehistoric Nuclear War
      • The China Syndrome
      • Atlantis, Mu, and the Maya
      • Easter Island Exposed
      • Who Built the Sphinx?
      • Who Built the Great Pyramid?
      • Archaeological Cover Up?
    • Collection: The Lovecraft Legacy >
      • Pauwels, Bergier, and Lovecraft
      • Lovecraft in Bergier
      • Lovecraft and Scientology
    • Collection: UFOs >
      • Alien Abduction at the Outer Limits
      • Aliens and Anal Probes
      • Ultra-Terrestrials and UFOs
      • Rebels, Queers, and Aliens
    • Scholomance: The Devil's School
    • Prehistory of Chupacabra
    • The Templars, the Holy Grail, & Henry Sinclair
    • Magicians of the Gods Review
    • The Curse of the Pharaohs
    • The Antediluvian Pyramid Myth
    • Whitewashing American Prehistory
    • James Dean's Cursed Porsche
  • The Library
    • Ancient Mysteries >
      • Ancient Texts >
        • Mesopotamian Texts >
          • Atrahasis Epic
          • Epic of Gilgamesh
          • Kutha Creation Legend
          • Babylonian Creation Myth
          • Descent of Ishtar
          • Berossus
          • Comparison of Antediluvian Histories
        • Egyptian Texts >
          • The Shipwrecked Sailor
          • Dream Stela of Thutmose IV
          • The Papyrus of Ani
          • Classical Accounts of the Pyramids
          • Inventory Stela
          • Manetho
          • Eratosthenes' King List
          • The Story of Setna
          • Leon of Pella
          • Diodorus on Egyptian History
          • On Isis and Osiris
          • Famine Stela
          • Old Egyptian Chronicle
          • The Book of Sothis
          • Horapollo
          • Al-Maqrizi's King List
        • Teshub and the Dragon
        • Hermetica >
          • The Three Hermeses
          • Kore Kosmou
          • Corpus Hermeticum
          • The Asclepius
          • The Emerald Tablet
          • Hermetic Fragments
          • Prologue to the Kyranides
          • The Secret of Creation
          • Ancient Alphabets Explained
          • Prologue to Ibn Umayl's Silvery Water
          • Book of the 24 Philosophers
          • Aurora of the Philosophers
        • Hesiod's Theogony
        • Periplus of Hanno
        • Ctesias' Indica
        • Sanchuniathon
        • Sima Qian
        • Syncellus's Enoch Fragments
        • The Book of Enoch
        • Slavonic Enoch
        • Sepher Yetzirah
        • Tacitus' Germania
        • De Dea Syria
        • Aelian's Various Histories
        • Julius Africanus' Chronography
        • Eusebius' Chronicle
        • Chinese Accounts of Rome
        • Ancient Chinese Automaton
        • The Orphic Argonautica
        • Fragments of Panodorus
        • Annianus on the Watchers
        • The Watchers and Antediluvian Wisdom
      • Medieval Texts >
        • Medieval Legends of Ancient Egypt >
          • Medieval Pyramid Lore
          • John Malalas on Ancient Egypt
          • Fragments of Abenephius
          • Akhbar al-zaman
          • Ibrahim ibn Wasif Shah
          • Murtada ibn al-‘Afif
          • Al-Maqrizi on the Pyramids
          • Al-Suyuti on the Pyramids
        • The Hunt for Noah's Ark
        • Isidore of Seville
        • Book of Liang: Fusang
        • Agobard on Magonia
        • Book of Thousands
        • Voyage of Saint Brendan
        • Power of Art and of Nature
        • Travels of Sir John Mandeville
        • Yazidi Revelation and Black Book
        • Al-Biruni on the Great Flood
        • Voyage of the Zeno Brothers
        • The Kensington Runestone (Hoax)
        • Islamic Discovery of America
        • The Aztec Creation Myth
      • Lost Civilizations >
        • Atlantis >
          • Plato's Atlantis Dialogues >
            • Timaeus
            • Critias
          • Fragments on Atlantis
          • Panchaea: The Other Atlantis
          • Eumalos on Atlantis (Hoax)
          • Gómara on Atlantis
          • Sardinia and Atlantis
          • Santorini and Atlantis
          • The Mound Builders and Atlantis
          • Donnelly's Atlantis
          • Atlantis in Morocco
          • Atlantis and the Sea Peoples
          • W. Scott-Elliot >
            • The Story of Atlantis
            • The Lost Lemuria
          • The Lost Atlantis
          • Atlantis in Africa
          • How I Found Atlantis (Hoax)
          • Termier on Atlantis
          • The Critias and Minoan Crete
          • Rebuttal to Termier
          • Further Responses to Termier
          • Flinders Petrie on Atlantis
        • Lost Cities >
          • Miscellaneous Lost Cities
          • The Seven Cities
          • The Lost City of Paititi
          • Manuscript 512
          • The Idolatrous City of Iximaya (Hoax)
          • The 1885 Moberly Lost City Hoax
          • The Elephants of Paredon (Hoax)
        • OOPARTs
        • Oronteus Finaeus Antarctica Map
        • Caucasians in Panama
        • Jefferson's Excavation
        • Fictitious Discoveries in America
        • Against Diffusionism
        • Tunnels Under Peru
        • The Parahyba Inscription (Hoax)
        • Mound Builders
        • Gunung Padang
        • Tales of Enchanted Islands
        • The 1907 Ancient World Map Hoax
        • The 1909 Grand Canyon Hoax
        • The Interglacial Period
        • Solving Oak Island
      • Religious Conspiracies >
        • Pantera, Father of Jesus?
        • Toledot Yeshu
        • Peter of les Vaux-de-Cernay on Cathars
        • Testimony of Jean de Châlons
        • Rosslyn Chapel and the 'Prentice's Pillar
        • The Many Wives of Jesus
        • Templar Infiltration of Labor
        • Louis Martin & the Holy Bloodline
        • The Life of St. Issa (Hoax)
        • On the Person of Jesus Christ
      • Giants in the Earth >
        • Fossil Origins of Myths >
          • Fossil Teeth and Bones of Elephants
          • Fossil Elephants
          • Fossil Bones of Teutobochus
          • Fossil Mammoths and Giants
          • Giants' Bones Dug Out of the Earth
          • Fossils and the Supernatural
          • Fossils, Myth, and Pseudo-History
          • Man During the Stone Age
          • Fossil Bones and Giants
          • American Elephant Myths
          • The Mammoth and the Flood
          • Fossils and Myth
          • Fossil Origin of the Cyclops
          • Mastodon, Mammoth, and Man
        • Fragments on Giants
        • Manichaean Book of Giants
        • Geoffrey on British Giants
        • Alfonso X's Hermetic History of Giants
        • Boccaccio and the Fossil 'Giant'
        • Book of Howth
        • Purchas His Pilgrimage
        • Edmond Temple's 1827 Giant Investigation
        • The Giants of Sardinia
        • Giants and the Sons of God
        • The Magnetism of Evil
        • Tertiary Giants
        • Smithsonian Giant Reports
        • Early American Giants
        • The Giant of Coahuila
        • Jewish Encyclopedia on Giants
        • Index of Giants
        • Newspaper Accounts of Giants
        • Lanier's A Book of Giants
      • Science and History >
        • Halley on Noah's Comet
        • The Newport Tower
        • Iron: The Stone from Heaven
        • Ararat and the Ark
        • Pyramid Facts and Fancies
        • Argonauts before Homer
        • The Deluge
        • Crown Prince Rudolf on the Pyramids
        • Old Mythology in New Apparel
        • Blavatsky on Dinosaurs
        • Teddy Roosevelt on Bigfoot
        • Devil Worship in France
        • Maspero's Review of Akhbar al-zaman
        • The Holy Grail as Lucifer's Crown Jewel
        • The Mutinous Sea
        • The Rock Wall of Rockwall
        • Fabulous Zoology
        • The Origins of Talos
        • Mexican Mythology
        • Chinese Pyramids
        • Maqrizi's Names of the Pharaohs
      • Extreme History >
        • Roman Empire Hoax
        • American Antiquities
        • American Cataclysms
        • England, the Remnant of Judah
        • Historical Chronology of the Mexicans
        • Maspero on the Predynastic Sphinx
        • Vestiges of the Mayas
        • Ragnarok: The Age of Fire and Gravel
        • Origins of the Egyptian People
        • The Secret Doctrine >
          • Volume 1: Cosmogenesis
          • Volume 2: Anthropogenesis
        • Phoenicians in America
        • The Electric Ark
        • Traces of European Influence
        • Prince Henry Sinclair
        • Pyramid Prophecies
        • Templars of Ancient Mexico
        • Chronology and the "Riddle of the Sphinx"
        • The Faith of Ancient Egypt
        • Spirit of the Hour in Archaeology
        • Book of the Damned
        • Great Pyramid As Noah's Ark
        • Richard Shaver's Proofs
    • Alien Encounters >
      • US Government Ancient Astronaut Files >
        • Fortean Society and Columbus
        • Inquiry into Shaver and Palmer
        • The Skyfort Document
        • Whirling Wheels
        • Denver Ancient Astronaut Lecture
        • Soviet Search for Lemuria
        • Visitors from Outer Space
        • Unidentified Flying Objects (Abstract)
        • "Flying Saucers"? They're a Myth
        • UFO Hypothesis Survival Questions
        • Air Force Academy UFO Textbook
        • The Condon Report on Ancient Astronauts
        • Atlantis Discovery Telegrams
        • Ancient Astronaut Society Telegram
        • Noah's Ark Cables
        • The Von Daniken Letter
        • CIA Psychic Probe of Ancient Mars
        • Scott Wolter Lawsuit
        • UFOs in Ancient China
        • CIA Report on Noah's Ark
        • CIA Noah's Ark Memos
        • Congressional Ancient Aliens Testimony
        • Ancient Astronaut and Nibiru Email
        • Congressional Ancient Mars Hearing
        • House UFO Hearing
      • Ancient Extraterrestrials >
        • Premodern UFO Sightings
        • The Moon Hoax
        • Inhabitants of Other Planets
        • Blavatsky on Ancient Astronauts
        • The Stanzas of Dzyan (Hoax)
        • Aerolites and Religion
        • What Is Theosophy?
        • Plane of Ether
        • The Adepts from Venus
      • A Message from Mars
      • Saucer Mystery Solved?
      • Orville Wright on UFOs
      • Interdimensional Flying Saucers
      • Flying Saucers Are Real
      • Report on UFOs
    • The Supernatural >
      • The Devils of Loudun
      • Sublime and Beautiful
      • Voltaire on Vampires
      • Demonology and Witchcraft
      • Thaumaturgia
      • Bulgarian Vampires
      • Religion and Evolution
      • Transylvanian Superstitions
      • Defining a Zombie
      • Dread of the Supernatural
      • Vampires
      • Werewolves and Vampires and Ghouls
      • Science and Fairy Stories
      • The Cursed Car
    • Classic Fiction >
      • Lucian's True History
      • Some Words with a Mummy
      • The Coming Race
      • King Solomon's Mines
      • An Inhabitant of Carcosa
      • The Xipéhuz
      • Lot No. 249
      • The Novel of the Black Seal
      • The Island of Doctor Moreau
      • Pharaoh's Curse
      • Edison's Conquest of Mars
      • The Lost Continent
      • Count Magnus
      • The Mysterious Stranger
      • The Wendigo
      • Sredni Vashtar
      • The Lost World
      • The Red One
      • H. P. Lovecraft >
        • Dagon
        • The Call of Cthulhu
        • History of the Necronomicon
        • At the Mountains of Madness
        • Lovecraft's Library in 1932
      • The Skeptical Poltergeist
      • The Corpse on the Grating
      • The Second Satellite
      • Queen of the Black Coast
      • A Martian Odyssey
    • Classic Genre Movies
    • Miscellaneous Documents >
      • The Balloon-Hoax
      • A Problem in Greek Ethics
      • The Migration of Symbols
      • The Gospel of Intensity
      • De Profundis
      • The Life and Death of Crown Prince Rudolf
      • The Bathtub Hoax
      • Crown Prince Rudolf's Letters
      • Position of Viking Women
      • Employment of Homosexuals
      • James Dean's Love Letters
      • The Amazing James Dean Hoax!
    • Free Classic Pseudohistory eBooks
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