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Hamlet's Mill: Precession or Solar Symbol?

12/4/2012

10 Comments

 
Alternative thinkers put great weight on the subject of the precession of the equinoxes, the slow drift of the apparent position of the stars relative to a fixed point on earth caused by the wobble of the earth’s axis. This nearly imperceptible movement—1.4 degrees per century, or, as alternative theorists prefer to state it, 1 degree per 71.6 years—supposedly has great astrological significance for defining the World Age, based on the astrological sign in which the sun rises on the spring equinox. But most alternative thinkers do very little thinking about this.

Almost all modern alternative claims derive from the work of Giorgio de Santillana and Hertha von Dechend in Hamlet’s Mill (1969), which argued that “measures and counting,” specifically as related to astrology, were “the frame on which the rich texture of real myth was to grow.” That phrase—real myth—gave the authors license to selectively choose which myths were “real” based on how closely they conformed to an imagined prehistoric knowledge of precession.

The authors took their title from Shakespeare’s Hamlet, but only just. The actual origin comes from Shakespeare’s source for Hamlet, the Scandinavian tale of Amleth, as given by the Danish author Saxo Grammaticus. This tale is cognate with that of Amlodhi in Iceland, who Snorri Sturlson wrote possessed a mill which ground out peace and plenty. Snorri, in turn, was quoting a tenth-century sailor named Snæbjörn Galti. This is the entirety of the scant millstone atop which the cathedral of alternative belief rests:

Picture
Men say that the nine maidens of the island-mill, the ocean, are working hard at the host-devouring skerry-quern (the sea), out beyond the skirts of the earth; yea, they have for ages past been grinding at Amlódi's meal-bin (the sea). Let us furrow the waves with the prow of my ship.


De Santillana and von Deschend interpret this as referring not, as it explicitly states, to the ocean but rather to the sky, where the churning of the cosmos around the World Axis is likened to a mill, and the setting of each constellation over time likened to a Great Flood washing away the old World Age. They find direct parallels to this story in myths from Rome, Finland, Iran, and India and looser thematic parallels elsewhere.

But what if the mill metaphor doesn’t mean what they say it does?

Undoubtedly, the Romans, Finns, Persians, and Vedic Indians shared a myth of the hero or god who has a great mill. But this connection isn’t cosmic but rather Indo-European. All of these peoples (except the Finns) are Indo-Europeans whose stories descend from a common source. (We can dispense with the non-Indo-Europeans the authors mention since they have no mills and are brought into the story only by analogy with the “precession” myth the authors invented from Indo-European sources. The Finns were heavily influenced by surrounding Indo-European myth systems.)

De Santillana and von Dechend write that “current anthropology” denies any connection between myth systems, let alone one dating back to the Neolithic or earlier (p. 3). Contrary to alternative authors’ claims that this mill has been dismissed by serious scholars as a simple myth without meaning, in fact this mill was thoroughly investigated by German philologists in the nineteenth century, and the results of their investigations have been known in English since at least 1863, when Walter Keating Kelly reported them in Curiosities of Indo-European Tradition and Folk-lore. Scholars of the nineteenth century recognized that the story was of Indo-European origin, and they knew that meant it was exceedingly ancient. The Indo-European myth system is current thought to have last been united around the fourth millennium BCE—the exact Neolithic period de Santillana and von Dechend targeted but wrongly believed scholars were unwilling to accept could be the source of myth. Tellingly, the Indo-Europeans do not appear in the index to Hamlet's Mill.

According to the nineteenth century scholars, the key to understanding the mill imagery is the relationship between its mythic significance and fire. Far from being associated with the stars and the night, it rather is part of a constellation (pardon the pun) of myths related to Prometheus and the descent of fire. These myths can be traced back to Indo-European roots on philological grounds without question, and the mill goes with them. It has long been recognized that the mill was once part of the equipment of the heavens rather than the sea, and it first belonged, apparently, to the sun god. Amlodi’s mill was exactly parallel to the Danish Frodi’s mill, owned by a legendary first-century king. Like Amlodi’s mill, it ground peace or war, and it was also operated by maidens. Frodi, in turn, is believed to be a rationalization of Freyr (or Fro), the sun god. Snorri and Saxo rationalize the other gods as earthly kings, too, so there is no great leap here.

The sun, in turn, has been associated with a flaming wheel or wheeled-chariot since Proto-Indo-European times, and the grinding wheel-stone of the mill is but another version of this myth. 

(Later writers would expand the idea of solar mythology to ridiculous extremes, but their wrongheaded theories have no bearing on the present question.)

Many Indo-European myths discuss the kindling of the sun each day, because it was once felt that the sun was born anew each dawn after extinguishing in the ocean at night. (By contrast, non-Indo-European Near Eastern peoples imagined the sun reigning in the underworld at night.) This is where the fire comes in. To make fire requires the churning of a stick against another stick or stone. (Think of how Boy Scouts make fire.) In Vedic literature the stick is called the pramantha, from a word for violent churning, cognate with the Greek Prometheus, the bringer of fire. (This connection is well-established and has been for more than 150 years.) Thus, the gods had a mill that churned each day to rekindle the sun. According to legends preserved in Germany down to the nineteenth century, the Milky Way was the meal that spewed forth from the churning mill as it worked to light the sun each night.

So, de Santillana and von Dechend were partly right: There is a relationship between Hamlet’s mill and the stars. But it has nothing to do with precession and can be completely explained by well-recognized Indo-European myths, supported by well-established Indo-European linguistics. That this was all known in English from 1863 and in German decades earlier but is forgotten by most alternative writers speaks volumes. De Santillana and von Dechend recognize the fact (though they trace it only to 1886), discuss it in an appendix, and simply assert that the order is reversed, that in reality the Prometheus myth about fire is a derivative of a precession myth of the churning skies, that fire and the sun take a back seat to the imperceptible motions of the stars.

But this requires two layers of metaphor—that the Atlanteans (or whoever) invented a churning metaphor to describe precession and that the Indo-Europeans then applied this metaphor downward to the very real churning needed to create fire and sent it back up into the sky as Prometheus. Clearly, this is much more complicated than the logical sequence of kindling a fire > kindling the sun > churning to light the sun. The authors’ appendix teems with outrage at the philologists, but I think it’s mostly because the philological explanation of the relationship of fire to the mill in the sky undermines everything Hamlet’s Mill stands for, and does so clearly and logically, with no need for elaborate number games, secret knowledge, or a vanished civilization.

10 Comments
Harriet Vered link
12/9/2012 02:16:41 am

I'm glad you point out the analogy between Hamlet's mill(stone) and fire-making, something that seemed evident when I read that excellent if at times taxing essay. Fire is essential to humans especially in the Arctic, from where according to the authors of The Megalithic Empire, modern humans originated.

Reply
Jeff
2/23/2013 04:31:15 am

This review is short-sighted and only partly correct. First Finnish is a Uralic language, not Indo-European. Second, when other translations appear among other peoples such as churning, fire-drilling, and rocker-mill these words are synonymous with milling. Just because they aren't spoon fed to us as such doesn't mean that isn't what they are....

Reply
Jason Colavito link
2/23/2013 04:39:48 am

Thank you pointing out the error. I have corrected it above.

Reply
joe link
7/7/2013 02:37:05 pm

Hi,
I just started reading your blog after watching several hours of the history channel's show, and there is a lot of interesting debunking in one place. I searched around to see what you though of hamlet's mill and found this article, and I think you are trying too hard to debunk their work when they agree totally with you.
To me their theme was 'We don't need space aliens or giants to explain ancient buildings, the ancients that built the pyramids and other structures were serious people and didn't make up myths for fun, they were trying to pass on information gleaned by pre-writing cultures using myths.' Those myths have a lot of similarities between different cultures in different places, implying that there was one ur-culture.

It's an interesting book because it makes one look back at the ancient humans and not think airy-fairy star worshipers, but serious people.

anyway, keep up the good work.


Reply
Matt link
3/4/2014 08:40:35 pm

Thanks for this very helpful summation, and the sensible interpretation. I tried without success to make it through all the wending paths of "Hamlet's Mill" and, much as I liked the precession-cosmology angle, your alternate take is convincing.

Reply
Candy Minx link
6/28/2015 09:29:17 am

Hi Jason, really enjoyed this post. I wonder if you could elaborate just a little on this thought..."According to legends preserved in Germany down to the nineteenth century, the Milky Way was the meal that spewed forth from the churning mill as it worked to light the sun each night."

What is the legend or legends...and the link with Milky Way? Is it called stars? How do we know the legends are talking about the Milky Way?

Reply
Raphael link
9/27/2015 08:32:44 am

you will find your answer in these pages Candy

https://kachina2012.wordpress.com/2008/09/03/swastika-plate-5000-bc-is-a-model-of-the-milky-way/

Reply
Raphael link
9/27/2015 08:29:46 am

Jason C said;

"The sun, in turn, has been associated with a flaming wheel or wheeled-chariot since Proto-Indo-European times, and the grinding wheel-stone of the mill is but another version of this myth.

(Later writers would expand the idea of solar mythology to ridiculous extremes, but their wrongheaded theories have no bearing on the present question.)"

Jason C (hereinafter JC) I am glad that you are aware that the mill-stone can be easily associated to the sun as a flaming solar wheel, linked to the wheeled chariots, quadriga etc., so to suggest and ask who invented the wheel is an interesting question in itself and what status would the wheel have in ancient times if rotation of a wheel and the sun were seen as one and the same etc.?

So the leap of faith that everybody fails to make and I cannot figure out why is what is the connection between the macro solar sun often symbolized by the 12,000+ year old 'swastika' AND the micro nano light 'mill' that profoundly speaks of a higher consciousness showing us the way ... fulfilling the axiom 'as above, so below' in so many respects as ye shall come to understand.

https://at37.wordpress.com/2013/10/14/aaa-day-in-the-life-of-the-137-ss-mystic-august-27-2013-swastika-solar-light-mill-motor/
^^^ After 11+ years of researching the swastika which appeared as an epiphany to me back in 2004 it is clear to me JC that the next level of discussion is how easy it is to connect the swastika to the theory put forth in Hamlet's Mill...regarding precession etc.and so so so much more.

The rotating threshing millstone, what happens if the wheel should break, only a 'tool maker consciousness' would be able to fix it, and be able to move on, because in fact cultures that were in 'possession' of the wheel have died out, but the 'tool maker' moves on and adapts to the ups and downs of life, keeping step with an evolution of consciousness receiving impulses not yet understood.

JC can you measure a feeling or how fast a thought based on that feeling might travel?
IF the mind and the heart are primary to the discussion and understanding of 'the human condition' then without getting into ALL the detail to support a simple idea, please explain why in the QaBaLaH (QBLH =137) the unattainable Kether or Crown is associated to the swastika and why China completed the world's tallest statue called the Spring Temple Buddha and placed a swastika on the Buddha's bosom as a a seal for the heart?

Please explain why this gesture goes unnoticed or discussed in the west?
What if a country in Europe had done a similar gesture?

JC did you know that the Aztec used the swastika as a symbol for precession of the equinoxes?

JC are ye ready to discuss sir what the master taught ME+me in the throes of an epiphany?

Itzhak Bentov or 'Ben' is one fine example of a cheerleader genius cheering me on from the other side, he and me agreed that 'the system wants to teach us about the system' ...

Easy to prove.
JC please go here;
https://at37.wordpress.com/2013/03/29/137-itzhak-bentov-mystical-friend-of-mine/

As a result of 11+ years of research it is clear that the swastika is a heaven sent, or maybe stolen technology that also belongs to the gods.
It is in fact the best evidence that humanity has that an intelligent design is in place.

The swastika is clearly so much more than JC knows, and this is a fact.
It can be used to pull on your heartstrings and pushing your buttons, the swastika can be used to manipulate consciousness, and this is understood as this next link illustrates.
http://www.laetusinpraesens.org/musings/swastika.php

^^^ And JC please do not cherry pick through the pile of evidence thus far recovered for discussion and discount the bigger picture, maybe your learning curve is about to begin?

Embrace your ignorance.
That is the key.

Most folks spend their lives defending their ignorance.

knowledge is good
ignorance is evil
-Socrates

simple insight and it still rings true blue today

selah V

RaphaEL ;)

p.s. JC I have cut and paste this link to a faKebook page that I author.

Please RSVP the FSC JC
https://www.facebook.com/groups/280611748791653/

or maybe you could 'like' and 'share' this faKebook page?
https://www.facebook.com/SSS-Sacred-Swastika-Science-320420841301320/timeline/

Reply
Marieann link
8/7/2016 12:55:09 pm

As Tesla said, if you understand the #3 (trinity), you will understand the secrets of the universe. Before Newton and Tesla died, they had started to figure out the secret. Like the blind men who each only see part of the elephant, Raphael and Jason are so close, so very close to the answer.

Reply
David Thomas
8/31/2020 06:04:17 am

Just imagine that the myth is about what it says it is about - a great mill in the ocean. We have one - the Atlantic Conveyor which brings warm water from the Equator up to the Arctic and then transports cold water from the Arctic down south. This mill is indeed operated out beyond the skirts of the earth at the fringe of the Arctic pack ice.
Sometimes the simplest explanations are the best. Maybe, possibly.
But the Conveyor is slowing down due to global warming and ice melt and may accelerate or stop. Who knows. Then those of us whose countries are made habitable by the warm water coming from the south would really understand the significance of the mill. When my home town in Essex, England becomes as cold as Newfoundland, I will know.

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