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J. Hutton Pulitzer Claims a Mystery Tomb at Oak Island Might Hold the Body of Hercules

7/6/2016

31 Comments

 
Earlier this week former Treasure Force Commander and current History Heretic J. Hutton Pulitzer delivered a two-hour-long Periscope presentation in which he discussed his latest speculations about Oak Island. In so doing, he made an extraordinary and quite ridiculous claim, namely that he has located the underwater tomb of a famous figure from Antiquity, possibly that of Hercules himself!
Pulitzer promised to post his Periscope presentation to YouTube with additional maps and superimposed graphics, but since he has so many different social media accounts and no central listing of what he is posting when or where, I have no idea whether it is up.
 
Anyway, during the presentation Pulitzer described his belief that there is a secret underground tomb beneath Oak Island and that evidence for it is now underwater due to rising sea levels around Nova Scotia. Without offering any evidence, Pulitzer said that there are four possibilities for who is buried in the tomb. He then proceeded to give three possibilities and, so far as I could tell amidst his rambling discussion, did not mention the fourth. The possibilities are that this the:

  • Tomb of “Hannibal” (he means Hanno) the Carthaginian, who sailed around the world and “disappeared” never to be heard from again.
  • Tomb of Alexander Helios, the son of Cleopatra VII and Mark Antony.
  • Tomb of “the great ancient navigator.” According to Pulitzer, “there was one character in mythology from the time of Troy and back, and he was known as the great navigator. He was called The Navigator.” Pulitzer claims that the navigator was later revised into the man of strength, Hercules. “Coincidence? Who knows? Before we knew Hercules as the man of strength … he was known as ‘The Great Navigator.’ Who knows? Now it’s time for you to research.”
 
Let’s take these three people from the top.
 
Hanno the Carthaginian was indeed a sailor, and he made an epic voyage that took him beyond the Pillars of Hercules and down the West African coast, perhaps as far as Gabon. There, he encountered furry wild people who threw stones at them and bit and clawed. They were probably chimpanzees or gorillas; in fact the modern gorilla takes its name from Hanno’s identification of the people as the tribe of Gorillae (Γόριλλαι). Hanno’s fleet ran out of provisions and returned to Carthage, where one of Hanno’s commanders described the encounter in a famous Periplus erected in memory of the expedition in the Temple of Ba’al Hammon (Kronos) in Carthage. True, Hanno’s fate is not given on the Periplus, but neither does it suggest that he did anything other than either return to Carthage with the rest of his fleet or die en route.
 
The surviving text is a medieval Byzantine abridgement, but later authors offer some important details. Arrian, in his Anabasis of Alexander 8, says that the return journey was plagued by hardship and disaster, which, along with the fact that the Periplus was in the words of a lieutenant, suggests that Hanno himself fell victim to these calamities on his return. Pliny (Natural History 5.8), however, claims that Hanno circumnavigated Africa, though this seems to contradict the surviving Periplus.
 
However you cut it, Hanno did not “disappear” as Pulitzer claimed. Instead, his fleet returned to describe his journey in the famous Periplus.
 
Herodotus offers some additional details about West African trade in Histories 4.196, that some believe were part of the original Periplus. He describes a custom whereby the Carthaginians established trade relations with West Africans, who would leave gold on the beach in exchange for trade goods from Carthage. This is particularly interesting because according to the Akhbar al-zaman 1.6 (derived, according to the French editor’s notes, from Ibn al-Faqih’s near-contemporary Mukhtasar Kitab al-Buldan), the same custom was still practiced in the same place in the medieval period. Compare the two accounts:
Herodotus
The Carthaginians say also this, namely that there is a place in Libya and men dwelling there, outside the Pillars of Heracles, to whom when they have come and have taken the merchandise forth from their ships, they set it in order along the beach and embark again in their ships, and after that they raise a smoke; and the natives of the country seeing the smoke come to the sea, and then they lay down gold as an equivalent for the merchandise and retire to a distance away from the merchandise. The Carthaginians upon that disembark and examine it, and if the gold is in their opinion sufficient for the value of the merchandise, they take it up and go their way; but if not, they embark again in their ships and sit there; and the others approach and straightway add more gold to the former, until they satisfy them: and they say that neither party wrongs the other; for neither do the Carthaginians lay hands on the gold until it is made equal to the value of their merchandise, nor do the others lay hands on the merchandise until the Carthaginians have taken the gold. (trans. G. C. Macaulay)
 
Akhbar al-zaman
The Kingdom of Ghana. It is still a powerful state; it touches the land of gold mines, where reside several branches of the family of Sūdān. The people of this country have demarcated a boundary we cannot cross when venturing there to buy gold; when buyers approach this line, they set out their lots of merchandise and apparel, and go away; the Blacks arrive with gold, leave a certain amount of goods to one side, and go away. The owners of the lots come back, and if they are not satisfied, they go again; the Negroes come back in turn and add to the gold, and so on until the trade is complete. It’s exactly the same process employed by the merchants who go to buy cloves. (my trans.)
I do not know whether the medieval author simply copied the material from Herodotus to fill space, or whether the tradition remained alive, but it is an interesting survival either way.
 
As for Alexander Helios, we have covered him before. The ancient historians describe him being taken to Rome and held as a captive. He disappears from history shortly after Octavian made a show of pardoning him, probably because he died. Fringe speculators think that the child fled to America to escape the Romans, but the ancient historians are silent where they would have been quite noisy had any affront to the power of Octavian, such as a dramatic flight of his enemy’s son, occurred so early in his reign.
 
Heracles (Latin: Hercules) is even less likely. He is not known as a navigator, though he did have a few notable sailing experiences. In myth, he sailed to the islands of Geryon and the Hesperides, though there is no special account of him sailing per se; it is more of a logical inference from his arrival on the islands. He also sailed around the world in a single day in the golden cup used by the Sun at night, but this is again a mythological event taking place in the cosmic ocean, not a real-world voyage. Finally, he is sometimes said to have been the intended commander of the Argo, on which ship he sailed from Iolkos to Troy. This is a late addition to the Argonauts myth, and it seems to have been created mostly to fit the most famous hero onto the Argo alongside the other Super Friends. It is an old story, though. Herodotus mentions it in Histories 7.193. But the oldest complete account of the Argonauts’ voyage (Pindar’s Pythian 4) mentions Heracles only in passing, and Homer and Hesiod are silent on his involvement. In no case, though, is he credited with exceptional navigation skills. Indeed, he is not the navigator on Jason’s crew.
 
So why would Pulitzer think that Hercules is was “known as the great navigator”?
 
The only connection to Hercules as a navigator comes from modern descriptions of coinage from Tyre, which in the nineteenth century was described in a Harper’s article as having been “struck by Tyre in honor of its founder, Hercules, the navigator.” This wording is important because, with British spelling, we can see that the phrasing was borrowed from William Stukeley’s Stonehenge: A Temple Restor’d to the British Druids (1740), where the whole phrase appears except for the gloss “the navigator,” which seems to have been added from the 1793 Historical Views of Devonshire, where the author attributes it to an anonymous correspondent. In turn, that correspondent was attempting to translate an odd stone with the Roman letters TOREUS carved into it. “I take the word Toreus,” he wrote, “to be an epithet of Hercules, the navigator, from whom is named Hertland Point, or Hercules Promon. near Hertland Abbey.” (The inscription was probably a grave marker for a Romanized Briton.) I have no idea where the correspondent got the idea that Hercules was a navigator, but he and Harper’s are the only people to have used the phrase “Hercules, the navigator” so far as I can find.
 
The answer seems to be that early writers weren’t entirely clear on the Phoenician Hercules, whom they saw as persisting in Spain and Britain into the Roman period. The Greeks and Romans identified Heracles/Hercules with the god Melqart of Phoenician Tyre, who is sometimes thought to be the patron of sailors and navigators. Little to nothing survives of Phoenician mythology, and there are no myths or legends attributing to Melqart any special navigational skill or any actual sailing experience. Sanchuniathon, who preserves most of what remains of Phoenician mythology, mentions Melqart (Melicartus) only in passing, to identify him with Heracles, and otherwise attributes sailing and navigation to other divine heroes.

A bit of confusion occurs in the Victorian-era America Cyclopaedia article on Mythology, which identifies Heracles as Melqart and claims “he conquers the savage races of distant coasts.” In this form the story entered Atlantis: The Antediluvian World in Part IV, Chapter II of that monumental work of pseudo-history, and thus into our current set of fringe claims. In Part V, Chapter IX, author Igantius Donnelly is more explicit still and closer to Pulitzer: “Hercules was the patron divinity of the Phœnicians. He was, as we have shown elsewhere, one of the gods of Atlantis--probably one of its great kings and navigators.” And there you have it! Pulitzer borrowed his claim directly from the wording in Donnelly.
 
Pulitzer seems to argue that Phoenicians were good sailors, so their god Melqart must have been as well. So if Melqart was Heracles, then Heracles was a great navigator.
 
He also has a new claim related to the allegedly “Roman” sword found off Oak Island, the one that is almost certainly a modern creation. He now links this to the “lost” Legio IX Hispania legion, for which records end in 108 CE, after it had been dispatched to Britain. He mistakenly takes the plot of the 1954 novel Eagle of the Ninth as history and paraphrases its famous—and fictitious—line that they marched into Caledonia and were “never heard of again.” (The legion also featured in books by Karl Edward Wagner, Valerio Massimo Manfredi, and others, as well as several movies, with varying amounts of science fiction and fantasy.) In his telling, the legion continued through Scotland to Iceland, Greenland, and Canada, decamping at Oak Island.
 
In reality, the records are unclear, and the legion’s ultimate fate is unknown. Many believe it was wiped out in a battle in Britain, but the presence of its name in the Netherlands around 120 CE argues that at least some of the Legio IX Hispania survived down to around 120 and did not disappear into the New World. At any rate, either 108 or 120 is too early for Pulitzer’s original claim, that the “Roman” sword had been made for Commodus (reigned 180-192 CE). Somehow the ancients were sending thousands of people to Oak Island, from opposing sides of various wars, over hundreds of years without leaving a single record or a single trace! No wonder he needs to invoke the magical power of Melqart for this to make any kind of sense.
31 Comments
Joe Scales link
7/6/2016 11:09:41 am

Just in case anyone thinks there's reason to believe that Oak Island is the site for anything other than an age old hoax, see Richard Joltes' most excellent discussions:

http://www.criticalenquiry.org/oakisland/index.shtml

Reply
Rose McDonald
7/13/2016 02:37:46 am

Joe Scales: Absolutely. A real must read collection. Joltes cites all of his sources and backs up everything he says with facts and easily- avaiilabe documents. He covers everything! The only real problem is that the true believers (aka fringers) are too lazy to read his articles.

Reply
Terrie
11/26/2017 05:57:18 pm

Thank you! This was fascinating

Reply
Ken
7/6/2016 11:24:00 am

"...along with the fact that the Periplus was in the words of a lieutenant, suggests that Hanno himself fell..." . Is there a missing phrase after 'lieutenant' in this sentence? (5th paragraph)

Also, has it ever occurred to you that EHP might make ridiculous claims just to get someone else to do his research for him? Maybe he should just be ignored, and then he will eventually fade away with his 5-6 followers.

Reply
Glen Grantham
1/25/2018 11:50:44 am

I agree one hundred percent

Reply
B L
7/6/2016 12:39:38 pm

No offense, Jason, but these Pulitzer blog posts make my head hurt. You may as well be debunking the Mother Goose Fairy Tales. At least Wolter convinces himself he's doing research of some kind. Pulitzer is a cartoon character who makes crap up out of whole cloth. He's not worth anyone's time.

Reply
Kal
7/6/2016 01:48:44 pm

Oak Island's mystery is as fake as the other dime store tourist trap mysteries presented out there. It has no powers, no cultural significance, and is just an old colonial island. For fake Pully to go about grasping at fantasy myths just to make some point, possibly to reappear on the show, is just laughable.

Reply
Grant
11/19/2016 06:02:43 pm

Oak Island has one power, it made two Yankee boys from Michigan blow their life savings for nothing!

Reply
Jean Stone
7/6/2016 02:28:44 pm

And here I thought the Ninth Hispania was sucked into a wormhole, deposited on a world called Carna and whose exploits were somehow discovered by author Jim Butcher when he wasn't writing about modern-day wizardry. Hmm, how long before some fringe type starts mining The Dresden Files for material?

"Anyway, during the presentation Pulitzer described his belief that there is a secret underground tomb beneath Oak Island and that evidence for it is now underwater due to rising sea levels around Nova Scotia."

So... no evidence at all that a tomb exists and no way to prove one does because even if there was one, it would be underwater. Maybe he IS learning (sort of) after his claims about the Heracles swords were so thoroughly debunked. Stick out your neck far enough and someone who actually knows what they're talking about will chop it off for you with your own fake sword.

Reply
Only Me
7/6/2016 02:30:51 pm

Okay, let me see if I can make sense of this.

Pulitzer is arguing Hercules, the iconic half-god hero of Greek legend, has a tomb dedicated to him lying underwater just off Oak Island. Why? Because his fake sword has the figure of Hercules, wearing the skin of the Nemean Lion, holding aloft his mighty club. That's it, that's the connection. There is an accurate description for this....weak sauce.

Of course, he had to default to the fake sword once again in his claim for the lost Legio IX Hispania. He couldn't use his "Roman" arrowheads/bolts/whatever, since they turned out to be peavey points.

Reply
Bob Jase
7/6/2016 03:21:51 pm

Jesus H. Christ - no I'm not swearing, that's the 4th candidate, just wait.

Reply
Shane Sullivan
7/6/2016 05:41:36 pm

I'll cast my vote for JHC as well--but remember, the verdict has to be unanimous, or else it won't pass Scott Wolter's court-of-law standards.

Reply
Bob Jase
7/6/2016 07:35:53 pm

Hence Scott's fixation on the hooked chi.

Ken
7/7/2016 10:56:44 am

Is that Jesus Horatio Christ?

Reply
Charles Gaulke
7/7/2016 11:33:40 am

Jesus Hutton Christ, more likely.

John Hamilton
7/6/2016 04:30:25 pm

Finally I know where Heinlein got the idea for the trading customs described in 'Citizen of the Galaxy'.

Reply
flip
7/6/2016 10:46:12 pm

This sounds so very much like desperation...

Reply
hauntedserenity
7/7/2016 12:59:54 am

That's the level most fringe theorists are at these days, most are doing a good job of hiding it, others not so much....

Reply
Kuroda
7/7/2016 04:21:09 am

The 18th-19th century British authors were presumably using 'navigator' in the now-rare but formerly basic meaning of 'laborer', especially in canal and railway-building projects. (Whence the term 'navvy', though that's probably obsolete since the late 20th century too.)

It would have been obvious in their day that Hercules' ditch-digging project to clean out the stables of Augeias made him 'a navigator' :)

Reply
Kuroda
7/7/2016 04:25:53 am

PS: Nobody knows the Pogues any more?

The canals and the bridges, the embankments and cuts
They blasted and dug with their sweat and their guts
They never drank water but whiskey by pints
And the shanty towns rang with their songs and their fights

Navigator, navigator, rise up and be strong
The morning is here and there's work to be done
Take your pick and your shovel and the bold dynamite
For to shift a few tons of this earthly delight
Yes to shift a few tons of this earthly delight

Etc.

Reply
David Bradbury
7/7/2016 08:47:01 am

A neat theory, but the Greek identification of Herakles with a god of the Phoenician city Tyre, whose temples featured a pair of pillars, is confirmed in Herodotus' Histories (vol. ii ch. 44)- the author having chased the mythical character in his different guises all over the Mediterranean.

Reply
Kim
7/7/2016 08:54:51 am

I posted before I read the context at the links Jason provided, and I now definitely agree with you, the Harper's article clearly meant it in the ship-steering rather than path-making sense! Apologies!

ThePornstache
7/7/2016 10:14:57 am

Boy. I thought youtube was your source for all kinds of rambling talking heads expounding for 2 hours about dumb crap. But it looks like Periscope has it beat. At least with youtube you can back your disjointed ramble with a soundtrack.

Reply
El Cid
7/7/2016 11:21:56 am

Man, Heracles would completely be let down by his tomb. No dramatic tribute to his glory and triumphs where his contemporary Bronze Age fans could visit, but some crappy mud trap off the coast of a land none of his people knew.

Or are the Tar Heels the true Pelasgians?

Reply
Andy White
7/7/2016 11:33:53 am

Hey, none of you naysayers can prove that Hercules is NOT buried inside Oak Island, so I guess we'll just have to agree to disagree.

Reply
Jean Stone
7/7/2016 12:59:51 pm

Okay, on the condition that Pulitzer agrees to disagree that he can't prove he DOESN'T owe me a billion dollars and pays up, I will happily agree to disagree on whether or not there's a tomb somewhere beneath Oak Island. Do I hear any takers?

Reply
Joe Scales
7/7/2016 01:15:53 pm

I believe I've figured out the fourth possibility, that if added to the other three would make more sense of the whole:

4) None of the above

Reply
William Smith
7/10/2016 09:06:21 am

I thought the only true Navigator was Henry. Hutton finds a sword off the shores of Oak Island and takes it to upper Michigan to have two self appointed experts support his claim which made the latter days of the H2 show. I just read where the largest piece of float copper has left upper Michigan and is in China. At one time the AAAPF group was collecting donations to build a museum for this copper called FRED. I think I got the picture now. When Oak Island was covered with one mile thick of ice about 10,000 years ago, Hercules slid the big copper over the glaciers from Mich. to Oak Island and buried it in a ice hole. Hutton may prove this by having his academic Michigan experts sniff in his tomb.

Reply
Assonaut Exaterressial
7/12/2016 08:58:03 am

4) Bugs Bunny

Trick choice. Bugs Bunny isn't dead.

I do find it strange that a fictional literary figure such as Hercules, who was depicted as easily duped and manipulated, was also regarded as "The Navigator." Talk about a stretchy RetCon. Sheesh.

On the other hand, I did enjoy Flight of the Navigator. I can now reimagine it as Flight of Hercules.

Reply
John
7/12/2016 07:31:15 pm

Why in the world did Scott Wolter connect himself to this absurd train wreck?

Reply
Dave
12/20/2019 08:50:32 am

Huttons people still push its possible Hercules is buried in some tomb on Oak Island. So I guess the demi-gods father let him rot in a hole on earth. Its all Myth.

Reply

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