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Mormon Apologists and Archaeological Truth

6/11/2011

6 Comments

 
If you’ve followed my Twitter feed, you’ve probably seen at least one of the links I posted to an ongoing series of articles published in the Mormon Times (a division of the Deseret News) attacking mainstream archaeology under the guise of “exploring” the discipline’s findings about ancient America. These articles come from writers ranging from bestselling author Orson Scott Card to Michael R. Ash, who is a professional Mormon apologist. (No, I am not disparaging him. That is his real job title.)

According to Mr. Card, the “Mormon perspective” can help archaeologists envision novel social organization, such as egalitarian societies that lack elite status markers—thus paving the way for an acceptance of the Book of Mormon’s archaeological claims. The first half of that sentence is certainly true. Envisioning alternative social organizations is important for imagining the past. Such social organizations as Mr. Card envisions, however, are novel only if one’s concept of “mainstream archaeology” froze in time around 1965. For example, Gobekli Tepe, the dramatic site of the earliest known religious architecture recently uncovered, has no elite status markers and is believed by "mainstream archaeology" to be the result of egalitarian hunter-gatherer bands working together to create large-scale stoneworks.

According to Mr. Ash, the prehistory of America must be “approached with the best scientific rigor possible and not from a position of naïve misconception.” Unsurprisingly, this scientific rigor takes the form of confirming the Book of Mormon.

(Of course, Mormonism is not alone in this; nearly every religious group from Christianity to ancient Greek polytheism to Scientology has made unprovable or demonstrably false archaeological claims and/or has cited ancient artifacts as confirmation of their religious doctrines.)

The Book of Mormon is one of the sacred scriptures of the Church of Latter-Day Saints, allegedly revealed to the prophet Joseph Smith in 1823 when the angel Moroni helped him to translate writing on a set of prehistoric gold plates he found not far from where I grew up. Conveniently, after publishing his “translation” in 1830, Smith claimed he returned the pages to Moroni, never to be seen again.

The Book of Mormon describes three separate migrations of Hebrew peoples from the Jewish homeland to the ancient United States in 2500 BCE, 600 BCE, and around 300 CE respectively. The Book routinely describes prehistoric use of chariots, brass, plows, cattle, sheep, grapes, and much more for which there is no archaeological evidence prior to European colonization. Such claims, however, do fit in perfectly with eighteenth and nineteenth century claims that early America was home to the Lost Tribes of Israel, a popular notion debunked before 1900, and predicated on the Eurocentric notion that Native Americans were inferior peoples who were unable to mentally or physically build the earthen mounds that dotted the American landscape and must have needed European help. Conveniently, this belief justified attempts to force Native peoples onto reservations. (I am of course not implying that Mr. Ash or the Church of Latter-Day Saints favor such policies.)

None of this is a problem for Mr. Ash, who makes a series of contradictory claims that both praise and attack archaeology simultaneously. First, Mr. Ash admits what cannot be denied:

“I readily acknowledge (and have done so repeatedly in this series) that there is no overwhelming persuasive secular evidence that would convince non-believers that the Book of Mormon is true […] I also readily acknowledge that, thus far, I have not addressed all of the archaeological ‘problems’ that seem to conflict with the belief in a historic Book of Mormon.”

But then he explains how cherry-picked findings from across the discipline of archaeology appear to confirm aspects of the Book of Mormon. This evidence, he implies, is very exciting because it provides secular confirmation of Mormon belief. However, Mr. Ash then undercuts his purported message with the following:

“How sad it would be to reject the restored gospel because of secular finds that could be proven invalid or false in the future.”

I am not sure I understand which it is to be: Is archaeology true or false? Are we to accept the findings of science only when they agree with our pre-existing beliefs and reject them as biased, fraudulent, or wrong when they do not?

In Mr. Ash’s view, archaeology appears to be a shifting sand dune forever being reshaped by the winds of change. The Book of Mormon, by contrast, is forever static, never changing. On this we can both agree. The Book of Mormon was wrong about archaeology in 1830, and it is still wrong today, and will be in the future, too.

6 Comments
MoWatcher
6/17/2011 10:17:56 am

What do you mean that Ash is a "professional Mormon apologist."

Reply
B Miller
5/25/2017 06:57:02 pm

First off - I'm a "Mormon."
That being said, some "Mormons" seem to deal with the inconsistencies of faith and social science with a kind of paranoia-mindset: publishing books and articles and websites to assert positions that "might" be true, or, sometimes, patently aren't true. If you do this enough, you can make a living at it.
Most "Mormons" are smart enough to realize that, religion being based on a faith-claim (and Mormonism explicitly and inherently so), there will always be a gulf between their faith and social science, and they work through that gulf in the kind of personal ways all of us do in order to form our personal outlook on the world.
BYU, for example, has a great anthropology department, and one of the larger collections of dinosaur bones in the Western U.S. But you don't see many of them publishing anthropological apologetics.

Reply
JaredMithrandir link
9/1/2015 05:38:33 am

"and predicated on the Eurocentric notion that Native Americans were inferior peoples who were unable to mentally or physically build the earthen mounds that dotted the American landscape and must have needed European help. "

This is false, most Lost Tribes came to the Americas theories including Mormon doctrine say that the Native American are the lost tribes, not hat someone other then Native American built those monuments.

Reply
Carlos Hernandez
2/13/2019 03:37:33 am

Those Theories are False if not Super False. Native Americans are all Gentiles if not all Super Gentiles Super Alien to the Jews of the Middle East genetically, historically, etc etc etc.

All those claims are just baseless false claims by religious nuts you don't know anything about people history facts and have a religious beautiful and they're all super wrong

Reply
B Miller
5/25/2017 06:50:25 pm

Let's just be clear: what some "Mormon Apologists" write is not necessarily representative of what most "Mormons" think or believe. There are plenty of "Us" (yes, I'm "Mormon") who feel no need to disparage anthropology (or archaeology), and are able to satisfactorily let our faith and our reason coexist. Some of us (yours truly) even teach Anthropology professionally, at accredited institutions, and find the gulf between faith and social science to be a place of exciting intellectual (if personal) investigation.
Let's face it: the Bible is "wrong" on a lot of anthropology, too (take the work of Eric Cline or Israel Finkelstein, for example). But then, Betty Meggers was wrong about the Amazon, too - so there's always room for reinvestigation.
To paraphrase Gould - the impediments to scientific understanding often come in the form of conceptual locks - ones that we usually apply without examining them. Those locks are not the property of any one individual or group.
When it comes to social science, words like "currently" or seem far preferable to "always" or "never."

Reply
Ed Tillman
10/7/2022 01:09:26 pm

I've been working on this for about 38 yrs and it wasn't till I read the Book of Mormons that things made sense. However. After me first read I toast the book across the table and said that book makes little sense. But one verse haunted me. So being a 99er. I took the time and reread and reread till the book fell apart in my hand.
It would take another eight years on working with the numbers to help me, be convinced that my theory may have merits.
First, I believe that there was some that made it here in the US a little after 570 BC. But a tiny number. The others landed on the English Isles where Zedekiah's blood line was past on to the last Queen, Elizabeth II and on down to here son King Charles
And the English Islands was possibly a part of the promised land since it was not a part of Europe until 1302 or about. And many of the tribes of Judah ended up there as well as all of Europe.
Those chariots battle did not happen in the US in 17 and 34 AD. Most likely these are the battles that occurred in the middle east with the Pharoah Hophra in 570 BC. and the dates are coming off of two events that occurred in the Middle East. 34 yrs after the Babylonians lifted the seize at Jerusalem in 608 BC.
Making the date 574 BC year of an eclipse and a warning to Hophar. The next date 17 AD occurred after the walls of Solomon's Temple came down under the signs of God Full Venus Cycle, The return of Swift Tuttle Comet and an Eclipse all dated 587 BC. There may have been a fragment sky burst. It was a common practice to count dates after an event then. On the other hand the English Isle had horses and chariots on these two dates after the excepted date or the birth of Christ.
I'm not knocking the Book of Mormons one bit. I now believe it to be the trustiest account ever written about Pre-Columbian visits to the New World. It's how the dates are being interpreted that I'm at odds with.
Mulek the son of Zedekiah escape being killed as an infant in 608 BC because his mother dress him up as a female child all sons of Zedekiah was to be killed. The Pharoah Hophra was the grandson of the Pharoah Necho II so was Mulek, when Hophra was overthrown and killed, Mulek had to leave, he was suppose to have been dead. And Babalon still ruled over Egypt. He would have been around 38 yrs old around departure.
His mother and sisters left with him. When ships are loaded with royal families, they are not place on one ship they are separated and so is the treasury they are not place in one ship. So when the girl's ship was a wreck on the rocks of Scotland they had the Stone Of Destiney and most likely the Judah Septar of Jerusalem that is stored in London.
The Book of Mormon speak of three arrivals into the new world. About 2500 BC. About 600 BC and About 300 AD. The 2500 BC is not possibly not being interpret correctly. The 600 BC came in a small number.
The 300 AD came much later than thought there was possibly two different arrivals at two different 300 AD. Its been belief by a lot that there were some jews that arrived around this time because of the persecution. But some times dates was started at the birth of a king just like the birth of Jesus, but Jesus was not the only one. Any group of poeple can start their calendar anywhere they want to.
After, the fall of Jerusalem in 1187 AD eclipse after years in the wilderness they set sail around 1191 eclipse. And they arrived in the area of Mexico the year that their kings son was born in 1192 AD eclipse. 1192 will become the new 1 AD. and the Book of Mormons says they was Jews, 1192+300=1492 AD
Full Venus Cycle, Swift Tuttle Comet and an eclipse and Columbus was reported to have had numerous Jews on his voyage.
Let's take this one more step. THe Book of Mormons speaks of large Tempest. 3 Nephi 8:5 "And it came to pass in the thirty and fourth year,in the first month, on the fourth day of the month, there arose a great storm, such an one as never had been known in all the land." This is how the Hopie natives word this storm. In 1226 AD a Mege Hurricane hit Alabama US, (SFEC,Sept 15,1996 p. A 10.) 1192+34=1226. Most of the Book of Mormons covers the time frame of 1090 AD Swift Tuttle comet and noted as 91 BC,. Year one of the reign of the judges and 1181 AD is noted as ninety and first year (reign of the judges) 3 Niphi 1, "a new star arises" 1881 Super Nova
It's my belief that it was this group that pickup the surveying of the western hemisphere. And burred the plates in 415 AD, 1192+415+ 1607. Swift-Tuttle and Halley's comets and Jamestown.
On, the other side with the 421 AD after Christ we have a lot going on. The Book of Mormon speaks as if it is the end of their people. Recently it was announced, that it was determined that evidence of a sky burst over the Ohio Valley was found. And it's believed to have been the bringing of the end of the Hopewell nation. Sometime around the 250-450 AD. In, 312 AD Swift Tuttle comet made its appearance again some sugg

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