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New Book Claims Kensington Rune Stone Is Part of an Elaborate Freemason Numerological Code and Hoax

10/24/2013

81 Comments

 
Paul G. Stewart has released a new book, the first in a series, in which he attempts to solve the mystery of the Kensington Rune Stone (KRS) by proposing that it and several other disputed artifacts, including the Bat Creek Stone, and even accepted artifacts like the Phaistos Disk, are all the work of a Freemason hoaxer he dubs “The Enigmatist.” Stewart claims that he was able to deduce the handiwork of this hoaxer through numerology, discovering a set of rules drawn from Masonic writings that unlock a hidden code across all of these artifacts.

Stewart provided me with a copy of the complete multi-volume book in August, but I have waited to write about it until Stewart officially released the first volume this week.

I feel bad about having to report that Stewart’s claims are based on poor scholarship and faulty logic since Stewart has clearly put a great deal of effort into pursuing a line of inquiry he believes in. That said, a few examples from the first chapters of volume one will suffice to demonstrate that the foundational premises for his claims are unsound and therefore the conclusions derived from them cannot be supported with this evidence.

I’m going to leave aside the pure numerology in which he adds up the number of letters and the “values” of the words in various parts of the KRS to derive magical numbers that correlate to world mythology. I don’t find numerology at all convincing since the “rules” for numerology are never consistent, but in theory if the stone were hoaxed by a numerologist this could conceivably be intentional—not because numerology is real but because the numerologist believes it to be so.

But how can we determine intentionality? Stewart says that the clues are in the language used in the KRS. Stewart informs us that he is not a linguist, but that he was able to discover a secret code in the Kensington Rune Stone by consulting various online language resources. Stewart claims that despite having no training in linguistics, “in my humble opinion all the experts had gotten the translation” of the KRS wrong. The stone contains what most translators see as a prayer: “AVM : frälse : äf : illü,” or, “Ave Virgo Maria (Hail, Virgin Mary), save (us) from evil.” Stewart states that the final word, illü, does not “feel” Swedish to him and therefore may better be understood as Latin. (This, he says, is OK because the hoaxer would not be bound by linguistic laws.) From this, he presents several examples of what he says is the word illu in the Vulgate Bible, along with instances where it was used on a website about Latin. He therefore translates illu as a code for light, as in illumination, in the “masculine tense.”

Therefore, after running each word of the prayer through online translation programs to find alternative meanings, he re-translates the entire phrase as “AUM, Nobility of the Illuminated,” as in the Illuminati. We’ll deal with “AUM” in a moment.

While Stewart may not be a linguist, I speak Latin, and I’ve never heard of “illu.” It does not conform to standard Latin usage, and there is no “masculine tense.” Masculine and feminine are genders, and Latin has three genders, including neuter. Only verbs have tenses; nouns have cases.

The Vulgate passage he cites as including “illu” (Luke 22:57) is misquoted. It is actually “at ille negavit eum dicens mulier non novi illum.” In this case, “illum” is the masculine singular accusative case of “ille”—that, which. Similarly, his second quotation (Exodus 12:47) is also misquoted. The Vulgate actually gives it this way: “omnis coetus filiorum Israhel faciet illud,” with “illud” being the neuter form of “ille.” The other quotations provided as ancillary proof in a footnote are also misquoted. Mark 1:43 has “illum” and Luke 23:21 “illum” again. While some medieval Latin manuscripts omit the final letter to save space, indicating it only with a small hook or dot on the preceding vowel, the source consulted, linked here, simply stops its excerpt with the last letter searched for and does not display the rest of the word. Try it yourself by typing in any partial Latin word.

The next website he cites discusses vulgar Latin, not Classical Latin, and the example of “illu” on that website refers to an elided form of Latin where the terminal “s” had been dropped, en route to becoming Italian, Spanish, etc. There, “illu omine magnu” are not Classical words but a decayed form of “ille hominus magnus” in which some letters have dropped out and the vowels consequently shifted. In the other examples, the accusative neuter “illud” had its final “d” removed and serves as nominative and accusative. It is the rough equivalent of the relationship between Ebonics and English.

Therefore, Stewart’s proposed “translation” of the KRS AVM phrase cannot hold.

He next suggests that the Freemasons masterminded the American Revolution. An equal number of Masons were on the Loyalist side during the Revolution, and Masonic Lodges actually served as middle ground where the two sides would break from fighting to enjoy meals. So, unless the conspiracy stage-managed the whole thing, this is also unlikely to be a tenable claim.

I admit to having trouble following Stewart’s discussion of Charles T. McClenachan, a nineteenth century Freemason whose work Stewart uses to tie AVM to AUM (a Freemason symbol brought in from early scholarship on Sanskrit, the presumed oldest world language, as a name for God) and thus to numerological totals showing up on the KRS. Stewart knows McClenachan’s Book of Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite Freemasonry (1868) only from an edited online version, which has led him terribly astray. In the online source, Stewart felt that he saw the Tetragrammaton and three lines of Hebrew presented as keys to a puzzle, with special instructions for decoding Hebrew into a numerological language exclusively for Freemasons. He also thought he saw equivalencies made between the Hebrew names of God and English words.

Unfortunately, I have reviewed McClenachan’s original text as published in 1868, 1884, 1899, and 1914, and he does not provide, as Stewart claims, “English-based” Hebrew equivalents, nor are the three lines of Hebrew presented as a puzzle. Instead they are pasted in (in Hebrew) without comment above a piece of sheet music (1884 ed., 1914 ed.). What Stewart call “instructions” are actually the recent online poster’s interpolation into the text to indicate that he or she has replaced the original Hebrew lines with a transliteration not found in the original in typing up (and condensing) the book for the web. Therefore, Stewart’s “instructions” are wrong, and his analysis is predicated on a false claim. The “equivalencies” are not to be read as equations for a code but rather as some of the 72 names of God. Stewart missed quite a bit of context by not reviewing the original work.

He next applies his new understanding to the Ten Commandments, but in using numerology on them fails to note that they are numbered differently by Jews, Catholics, and Protestants (the text of the Bible does not number them). This would affect his analysis depending on whose Commandments he is totaling in numerological value. Similarly, the number of the Beast is given differently in various manuscripts, as either 666 or 616, with the oldest papyrus fragments giving 616, so therefore any numerology based on that has to deal with the discrepancy.

Overall, I failed to understand why Stewart’s rules for working with KRS numbers change for his convenience. Sometimes the numbers are read as whole numbers and sometimes as numerological digits. When you can change the rules at will, it’s no wonder you can make all sorts of “meaningful” numbers, and then imagine a designer behind every coincidence.

I didn’t really read much farther in the book. Most of the sources are from web pages, popular magazines, and above all nineteenth century books. There is no engagement with modern scholarship, no research into recent work except for Scott Wolter’s. As much as I’d love to say Stewart proved a widespread hoaxing effort, the failures of the book’s scholarship prevent me from endorsing his conclusions.

81 Comments
Cathleen Anderson
10/24/2013 07:55:16 am

Anytime someone refers to a masonic conspiracy, I have to laugh. As you pointed out in the above posting, there were quite a few masons on the loyalist side during that particular revolution. If there is a conspiracy, it would have to be among a really small number of people, because most masons wouldn't agree to it.

Reply
Cathleen Anderson
10/24/2013 07:57:45 am

In paragraph 5, 3rd sentence, there is a typo , the word to should be no.

'Stewart claims that despite having to training in linguistics...'

Reply
Jason Colavito link
10/24/2013 07:59:07 am

Thanks. Fixed.

Reply
Cecilia Eklund link
10/24/2013 09:55:34 am

The Swedish word "illa" means "bad". One minute on the net would suffice to verify that. Mr Stewart is, indeed, no linguist.

Reply
charlie
10/24/2013 10:39:07 am

While web is extremely convenient, there is NO substitute for original source material. Oh Jason, I have long ago lost count of how often you have stated this truth here on your site/blog. If only these writers had done so............ Yeah, if only. If only the AAT's could actually read the ancient texts in the original languages, e.g., Sumerian, Greek, Hebrew, etc. If only.

Reply
Gunn
10/24/2013 10:39:44 am

Wow, these weird books just keep coming!

I read the Amazon Kindle portion and started disagreeing right away. Many of this fellow's ideas seem interesting at first, but then it becomes bizarre. Kind of like how some of Wolter's ideas were interesting, but then became bizarre.

I won't get into the numerology aspects, except to recognize that sacred geometry involves numerology. I believe sacred geometry may have been used at Runestone Hill, but I don't agree with this new author's basic premise that the message of the KRS is a coded message stone, and a hoax. I've wondered about the seeming exactitude in breaking the men into groups, 10, 20, as hiding some secret knowledge, but these speculations can get out of hand quickly.

My take on the KRS is that it was carved to be set upright, originally, but then it fell over or was knocked over relatively soon. Maybe a bison rubbed his butt against it, or maybe a Native American didn't like seeing the runes. It makes better sense that it was originally placed upright, as a memorial to the 10 men who died. Also, this does away with the author's words about the 10 dead men possibly being from another party. The KRS is a memorial stone, but not to Native Americans.
I think the reason the message was continued on the side is because the carver was running out of room on the front. He didn't want to go down too far because the bottom third would be planted. Running out of room on the side, too, the carver started to tighten up. So, I am in complete disagreement about this issue, too.

My main complaint is that people want to add to the simple message of the KRS, and this guy really takes the cake! At least most of the others believe in the stone's authenticity. This author has gone WAY out of his way to say the KRS is a hoax, yet he seems to be the one trying to pull a hoax.

Off to the side: I'm still trying to figure out why Father Hennepin, a Jesuit priest, came to this "medieval Scandinavian" region when he did. Apparently, he has been caught in a lie about his travels. He made some claims about the mouth of the Mississippi, very early. I can't help wondering if Hennepin may have been seeking out some kind of Scandinavian evidences he may have known about...or something. (Recalling that the Verendrye Runestone disappeared into French possession.)

Reply
Gunn
10/24/2013 10:47:57 am

By the way, Hennepin gives a firsthand account of some of his travels into the MN area, in French, and it has been translated into English. Great original source material, though the wording and language is quite bizarre, his descriptions of Native Americans, etc.

Reply
Gunn
10/24/2013 01:17:05 pm

Actually, Hennepin may have been on the lookout for something like what Verendrye found a half-century later. Who knows, maybe Hennepin knew about the KRS and other oddities, such as the land-marking-up stonehole rocks. This makes me wonder a bit if Hennepin wasn't perhaps trying to influence land claims.

This further makes me wonder about all the possibly missing evidences from this area, by the French, coupled with other evidences being carted to field edges and old barns by farmers. I would venture to guess that stone oddities are even today put away and forgotten about.

How many stonehole rocks have been hauled away from original sites? I would further venture to guess that as soon as these evidences came about, their destruction began. Perhaps even the message of the KRS was purposely hidden from view, by someone knocking it over, face down.

I'm optimistic, so I hope and believe more evidence will come our way to help establish the KRS's authenticity. The flippant disrespect this rock garners is appalling. Its a large target, I suppose, easy to hit.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9rendrye_Runestone

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Hennepin

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LynnBrant link
10/25/2013 01:03:53 am

Oskar believed more evidence would come as well. He was wrong.
http://www.amazon.com/Far-West-Vinland-Lynn-Brant-ebook/dp/B00BRCCENQ/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1382702570&sr=8-1&keywords=far+to+the+west+of+vinland

Michael C. Dunn link
10/24/2013 11:06:09 am

The good news: he says a lot of fake stuff is fake. The bad news: he has an explanation even crazier than Vikings etc.

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Shane Sullivan
10/24/2013 12:47:23 pm

Perhaps he's part of a secret plot to discredit the KRS hoax theory by making it sound crazy.

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Lynn Brant
10/24/2013 02:15:03 pm

Paul may truly believe this theory, but I am not convinced of that. The day the book emerged on Amazon, it was only with prodding that he changed the About the Author section to read that it was his first book. It originally read that it was his first novel. A Freudian slip, perhaps?

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clay
10/24/2013 03:32:27 pm

I heard you live in your Mom's basement? Is that why you know it all? I guess you have all the time in the world to be a critic, right?. I probably would too if I didn't have to spend all my time working to earn my own keep. Do you know anything about that? Ever read that in a book?

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BuzzOff
10/24/2013 05:45:49 pm

Wow, aren't YOU an offensive little troll. I guess you'd know all about living in basements. Not so much about reading, CLEARLY.

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Paul Cargile
10/25/2013 02:26:36 am

I should hoax a stone and put some half-assed old language on it. Put a secret code on it that says "You've been had." It can't be too hard.

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The Other J.
10/25/2013 10:54:38 am

Do it in Quenya, using the Cirth rune script. That way when people find it, they'll think Tolkien was in on the conspiracy.

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William Smith
10/25/2013 09:12:29 am

I feel Jason did a good job in pointing out some potential areas of concern in the first part of the book, however for a first publication by someone trying to provide a new connection to the author and the numbering code on the KRS, I give him an A. Just because I disagree with many of Paul's statements does not make me an expert in saying he is wrong.

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Gunn
10/25/2013 12:16:23 pm

I can't help noticing that there are two groups of authors who write about the KRS: Those who believe in it and those who don't. Then there are two types of writings, fiction and nonfiction.

In my own humble opinion, entertaining the KRS in fiction seems harmless enough, as it may help to instigate discussion, as someone mentioned, although the fictional account can leave a certain tarnishing, depending on how the subject is depicted. On the other hand, I think depicting the KRS as a hoax, in non-fiction, is deplorable. This is natural, since I wholeheartedly believe it is genuine.

Yet, this is difficult to sort out. A recent title came out, "Last Kings of Norse America," and it was set up to be a more or less non-fiction accounting of King Magnus and Paul Knutsen chasing after absentee Greenlanders. The problem with this book is that it was completely unscientific, as to source material. Even worse, it claimed that Runestone Hill was a shipping hub as recently as 1362. This is the stuff of fiction, not non-fiction.

Here now, we have Paul trying to use numerology as science to prove that the KRS is a hoax, not a genuine stone document dating back to 1362. Is this new book fiction or non-fiction? See the difference, again? Harm to the KRS can come from both fiction and non-fiction, but it somehow seems worse when utter speculation is presented as truth, as denoted by the category "non-fiction."

We all try to get our points across, but I guess some of us are trickier than others...or, perhaps more shameful.

And then again, intent has something to do with it. The degree of shame would be tied in with intent. Does the author truly believe what he or she is espousing, or is he purposely entertaining a lie, for sport, or for malice, or for whatever other reason,...even money?

You're right, William, we're not the judge. But, please keep in mind that when something is obvious, there isn't a judgment. I feel that it is my duty to defend the honor and integrity of the KRS, when possible. I have always felt that it is best to take the simple message of the KRS at face value...for just what it says, not for what it doesn't say. Everyone seems to be trying to make it say something other than what it actually says, and in my opinion, that is not helpful.

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LynnBrant link
10/25/2013 02:26:14 pm

I truly believe that my short story on the KRS, which I label fiction, is a far more plausible and likely depiction of the origin of the KRS, than this book in question. In fact, I think, except for dimensions and weight, everything written on the KRS is fiction. It's all just scenarios offered up to explain the few facts we have. The so-called non-fiction is full of fabrication. Take the sacred story of the "discovery." All we have are the accounts of the two adults present, Ohman and his oldest son. It was dug up by accident? It was tangled in tree roots? We don't know that's true. It is literally just a story, no better than mine. And nothing that has happened since then has done a damn thing to illuminate it further

William Smith
10/26/2013 01:41:07 am

As I have stated in the past. I am not an author and have no story to defend about the KRS. I am however a retired engineer and have the skills to read information on the KRS with proper tools and hands on research in the surrounding area. If Paul can show positive proof of the Masons carving the KRS for a hoax then I support him. I have read his work and told him where he is short of facts. I feel he has the research ability to defend these identified concerns. He admits he is weak in some areas, however he also invites all to challenge his findings. It is better to listen to the message than to shoot him. The paper I posted in Migration and Diffusion gives 10 reasons why the KRS is real and supports what it states. If you feel Jason is the expert in translating the Bible word for word then so be it, however I am not aware of any two people on earth that agree with it completely. Have you or Jason been to the KRS hill or surrounding area? Have you studied the stone and the area? Can you explain the mechanical wear line? Can you connect the stone holes to the KRS and its location on the earth as related to 1362? Have you read the Native American history of the area? Can you explain the Blue eyed blond hair Mandan's that were in the area? Can you explain why pneumonia was first introduced in R.I. and Minn. in the 1400,s? Can you explain what King Magnus meant when he told Pal Knutson to go to the North pole in 1362? Can you explain what the King of Portugal and Denmark told Josh Cort-real to claim all land as far as the eye can see? If all of these can be called a hoax I will support Paul's work. Their is a fool born every day and two to take him.

LynnBrant link
10/26/2013 02:57:31 am

William, Indeed I cannot explain things that aren't there and things that didn't happen. Speaking of which, why don't you explain to these folks how the "weathering ground line" became the "mechanical wear line?" Neither exist, of course. By the way, are you still a "Township Certified Archeologist?"

Gunn
10/26/2013 03:47:59 am

Obviously, I support William in this debate, because he believes the KRS is genuine, and apparently, LynnBrant is a bit more than skeptical. Some of us write books to influence the notion the KRS is a fake, a hoax, and some of us write books to influence the notion that the KRS is absolutely genuine. So then, William is on the right track, LynnBrant is on the wrong path. Simple.

May I squeeze in here and address the rub-line? I have both seen the runestone more than once and also visited Runestone Park numerous times. I have spent hours there on beautiful days, observing and considering. Does this make me an expert? Certainly not. But I have deeply considered all aspects of this mysterious runestone, including the so-called rub-line debate.

Back in Michigan, where I grew up, there is an old Native American cemetery, much unknown except by a local farmer or two. There are tombstones there, placed upright within another carved stone with a slot to receive it. Arrowheads are under some of the tombstones, and sunken graves can be seen. Most of the slabs are dated around the time of the Civil War. This patch of two acres, a small circle with trees within a cornfield, is still there today. These tombstones have distinguishable rub-lines because they've been in the slotted stone so long. An occasional strong wind or tree limb falling over the years has caused the slabs to move slightly in the slots, making rub-lines.

Though there has been much debate about the KRS having been originally buried in the ground, I myself have changed my mind on this notion. The basic reason is that I see the runestone as a memorial stone, and memorial stones are made and put up to be seen. I do not see the KRS as a land claim--only that it was carved in conjunction with trying to claim land. So it wouldn't have been buried. I've read past discussion about other reasons for a rub line, but this really makes no difference, since the stone may or may not actually have a rub-line on it. Maybe it was buried a third in the soil upright, with no stone support, which could or could not make a line, again depending on how long the memorial stone remained upright. My point is that if the stone were originally erected, it probably didn't stay that way long, for whatever of many plausible reasons. We know that the runes were face down, and the stone was only several inches deep.

LynnBrant, I think it is very disingenuous to call the Ohman's liars and say your story--your words, are more plausible. Perhaps you are guilty of treachery.

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William Smith
10/26/2013 05:09:50 am

Thanks Dunn - Their are many that want the truth and then others that are professional self appointed experts. I have heard the critics before and even attempted to show facts that are accepted by the academics. I try not to get personal when I share my findings because it leads to nowhere. Yes Lynn I am still a certified arc by the township and continue the donation of one week of my time in training the local people the importance of proper archaeology. I have also received certification from The Boy Scouts of America to teach young children this technology. We had 15 scouts earn their merit badge this past year at the annual township dig at an old ice house facility that was built in 1830. I know Scott Wolter does not want their to be a mechanical wear line on the KRS because it does not fit his theory that the stone was buried and to be located by triangle lines from stone holes.
When I took a team of THOR members to Alexandria to provide the museum and public with a 3D image of the KRS we took detail measurements of the Mechanical wear line by using a measuring process approved by engineering standards on flat surfaces. After we found these facts we went to a grave site in Dawn MO. and took measurement on 60 stones with known standing dates. We then determined the projected wear on stone in a like environment that indicated .005 in. wear every 100 years. End results are that the KRS stood upright for over 300 years before it slowly tilted and fell on its face. This information was reviewed by Dick Nielson and he suggested we call it a mechanical wear line because many past researchers called it a wear line which had never been measured, but only talked about from color changes in old photos. Lynn Brant (please explain your facts that the line does not exist) so we can judge your credibility.
I also told Paul it would be very unlikely to reproduce this line on the front and sides by hauling the stone in the trunk of a car for years. Especially the tapper on each side of the stone that also is measurable and visible in photos if you look. I also recommend any one looking at the facts on the KRS to look close to the number 3 on the date and explain the small scratch which would have made the date a 4, and the 6 on the date which may have a chip removed when the stone was cleaned with a nail that would have made the 6 a 7.
If you want speculation without proof. The first recorded date for a land claim for the west border of Vinland was made in 1362 by Pal Knutson. This land claim was revisited in 1472 by Josh Cort real and moved 65 miles east to its proper location 110 years later.

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LynnBrant link
10/26/2013 06:04:05 am

Those who can see things that aren't there are impossible to reason with. That's how the priesthood came to be, I suppose.

Gunn, I do think my scenario is vastly more plausible than medieval Norse in Minnesota, or Masonic Numerology. For years I have watched the KRS true believers plead that a hoax wasn't possible for this reason or that. I've shown that it was possible, plausible and probable. Face it, Ohman was lying. I've given him as much grace as possible in suggesting that he was duped, and believed the rune stone was genuine. Even so, he lied about the finding.

I will grant that there is a possibility that the KRS is 1362. Only because it can't be proven that it's not. But in a rational world, we don't have the burden of proving what is not. We don't have the burden of proving the KRS is a forgery, you have the burden of proving it is authentic. I don't have the burden of proving there is no weathering/mechanical line on the KRS, William and any others have the burden of proving there is a such a line. No-one will ever prove the KRS is authentic, and no-one will ever prove it is not. There will never be a last word on the subject, but you can take another shot if you like. I'm done for now (since I think only three of us are reading this) - but I do have a second KRS story, a side-quell, if you will!

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william smith
10/26/2013 07:36:50 am

Thanks Gunn - I am glad we are the only ones reading this post in that when Mr. Brant leaves without addressing his facts on the KRS. I guess we are 100% in agreement the KRS is authentic.
It translates: Eight Götalanders and 22 Northmen on (this?) acquisition journey from Vinland far to the west. We had a camp by two (shelters?) one day's journey north from this stone. We were fishing one day. After we came home, found 10 men red from blood and dead. Ave Maria save from evil.
(side of stone) There are 10 men by the inland sea to look after our ships fourteen days journey from this peninsula (or island). Year 1362.
The first statement indicates (they were on a land acquisition from Vinland far to the west.). Far to the west may have been 65 miles where Pal Knutson made the 1362 land claim and drilled a lot of holes to obtain magnetite for his compass to read magnetic declination. The same is true for the holes at KRS hill that may have been drilled for the same function 110 years later in 1472. Keep in mind a lot of Europeans were looking for land during this period and the carver would want to use the earliest date of 1362 rather than a later date if it was of time importance. It would be interesting to understand why the Mandan nation went from over 20 villages to 3 when Lewis and Clark went into the area. If Paul can prove Cooley carved the stone and no mechanical wear line exist then he may have a case. The mechanical wear line is created at the intersection of the vertical stone with the ground plain. Mother nature provides the wind and dust to create this sand blasting effect on the stone at this intersection. The longer it stands the deeper the line.

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Paul Stewart
10/26/2013 08:03:38 am

Thank you (I think) Jason for your torching of my book. To be fair to Jason, I asked him to apply said blowtorch because I greatly respect its temperature- and he didn’t disappoint. He didn’t earn my nick name “Two-Guns Colavito” for being timid. To be additionally fair to Jason and as he correctly points out I also provided him with a “beast version” of the book- one so large that in fact it was ridiculous. Due to peer pressure and logic I have since broken it into three smaller volumes.
I have to laugh in appreciation of Lynn Brant’s comment for it hit upon something very key- is this non-fiction or in fact a novel.? I’d like to think it is non-fiction but as many of the posts here imply it may be in fact a novel. As to it being a Freudian slip…I’d hate to think about it in those terms.

I appreciate the public trashing because at a minimum it affords me a platform which didn’t exist prior to air my admittedly very different conclusions as to the origin of the KRS and other archaeological anomalies. As they say, any publicity is good publicity- and while it’s certainly not fun to be on the receiving side of the bad stuff I have no ego in this. I’ve found what I have found is not accepted then so be it. It’s admittedly arcane to be sure and involves subject matter that few know much about in ant detail- so I don’t expect immediate and/or universal acceptance and in the end it could be in fact completely unaccepted. I’m happy Jason admitted that he has not read all of it- for I ultimately believe however I’ve made a very convincing case as to who was responsible for the stone- particularly when the evidence is seen in its entirety.

As to bad scholarship- that point is certainly debatable. Where I lack in expertise or go completely off the reservation I freely make that admission in the book. I could find no Masons willing to give me an audience (and I attempted contact with over a dozen). I am no Latin expert but I have ordered Dominos Pizzas once or twice… The point in the book is not to make a definitive statement about Latin- simply that “illu” sounded Latin to me. It probably doesn’t to Jason and I yield to his expertise as a Latin speaker as to whether it actually does sound Latin.
I do feel however that Academia as a rule has painted itself (and the rest of us) into an odd corner in this rune stone business. The vast majority believe America’s rune stones do not date from the times periods implied by their use of runes or the direct suggestion of age due to dates (such as 1362 on the KRS). Thus while applying a to-the-letter application of a language’s rules to prove something which appears to be ancient on its face as a fraud makes sense…but once its been proven as such, to continue to use this same application to explain the intent of the fraud is somewhat at odds with logic- without additional proof, intent cannot be supported by the academic- and it is this missing information which constitutes the unsubstantiated leap by all of us. My leap I believe can be documented.

In my mind, once something is believed to be a fake the traditional rules no longer fully apply. The best analogy I have has to do with the rules of basketball- which are extremely important if one was playing a professional game against the Lakers. If one was to find out at half-time however that the opponent was in fact the Harlem Globetrotters then the formal rules would be thrown out the window. It may still look and feel like basketball but ultimately its not- and can no longer be judged entirely by the formal rules.
Subsequently, while I take a knee and yield to Jason’s expertise in Latin I believe the use of the word “illu” and why it was included on the KRS in the first place was to imply the term “illuminated”- whether linguistically correct or not. The fact that this is fully incorrect by proper Latin linguistic standards and that I cannot support it except through the use of a leap I fully admit (and do so in the book). One can choose not to take the leap with me. I also (and stupidly), used the word “tense” instead of “case” (thank you Jason for pointing out the obvious to me), I don’t however believe this tarnishes the rest of the book- although it may for many. This can’t be helped I guess. If it does, stop reading the rest this post. I think the stone is not authentic- therefore neither is its Latin.

For the record I make no claims of secret Masonic conspiracies, I imply no nefarious intent on the part of Masons, and I also do not suggest in any way that Masons were responsible for the American Revolution any more than British Masons were responsible for prosecuting it. I do make the point that once the British hierarchy was removed from the form

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Paul Stewart
10/26/2013 08:07:42 am

Not sure if all of my post...in fact posted? It was far longer than what is being displayed....If not I will have to add it per sections I guess...but later as I have to get some things accomplished.

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LynnBrant link
10/26/2013 10:28:19 am

Paul, all banter aside, I don't understand how one can write a book, and be unclear in his own mind whether it is non-fiction or a novel. Lots of novels are written in a way that emulates non-fiction. But I think the novelist knows what he is doing.

I'm not sure what "you're" doing but I have a theory - you went to art school, so are probably awash with ideas of a permeable boundary between reality, and creative representations of it. You flow effortlessly between what is, and what hypothetically could be. I understand this, my wife is also afflicted/gifted with artism. :)

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Paul
10/26/2013 10:44:51 am

Ha! I love it! Actually...I like the term "Designasaur"- as what I went to school for doesn't exist much anymore. In an ideal world I would call what I've written a non-fiction novel...

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Paul Stewart
10/26/2013 10:42:39 am

It seems, due to length that I'll need to post in parts- So, this constitutes "Part 2":


I do make the point that once the British hierarchy was removed from the former colonies that the fraternity of Masons in North America was the best-equipped group to assume the leadership vacuum in the new States once this void was created. This is not to further imply Masons weren’t also Loyalists, Brits, French or Hessian. Noting their inclusion however, wouldn’t forward my story nor detract from it as the implication was never made in the first place.
I also never make the claim the KRS and other runes stones are hoaxes although technically they are indeed that. To best describe them I have coined the term “artifakes”. They are a third path- not authentic, definitely created with the intention to fool- but not entirely. Their purpose ultimately was to instruct via their hidden numbers; the language of Freemasonry- and not merely to pull our collective legs.

Unfortunately I believe our culture currently suffers from what I call “Brownism”, due to author Dan Brown, who by parroting the earlier works of Baigent, Lincoln and Leigh (authors of “Holy Blood, Holy Grail”, “The Messianic Legacy”, “The Dead Sea Scroll Conspiracy” to name a few) in novel form, has created an atmosphere and a populace which is ill-equipped to discuss the topic of American Freemasonry in realistic terms. It’s not Brown’s fault, but due to the popularity of his books and movies the average “Joe”, has really no idea about what Masonry is or isn’t. During the writing of my book for example I had people seriously (and I’m very serious about this) worrying that once it was published that Illuminati assassins were going to track me down and ritually destroy me. So far, that hasn’t happened…although Colavito’s review was close…;)

Another point to consider contextually is that in the late 1800s and into the early 1900s almost 25% of all adult males in the United States belonged to some form of fraternal organization; Masons, Knights of Columbus, Hibernians, Modern Woodmen, Odd Fellows, Commercial Clubs etc. The mission statement for these organizations ran the gamut; a few were based upon ethnicity, quite a few provided a form of health or life insurance, while many simply provided a platform in which to network. Masonry, at the time the KRS was discovered, was also at its peak in membership. It was hugely popular nationally, with its meetings and pronouncements making front page news in papers across the USA, thus assuming a Mason may have made the KRS would be hardly earth shattering…but suggesting a Mason made faux stones versus the non-Mason neighbors of Olaf Ohman (or Olaf himself) as an elaborate hoax, also suggests an entirely different impetus or need to have done so. What would be that difference?

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Paul Stewart
10/26/2013 10:46:51 am

"Part 3"

My theory as to the origin of the Kensington Rune Stone and other anomalous artifacts is actually quite simple; they weren’t made by Templars, Vikings, Elvis, or space aliens from Planet 10. I also don’t make the claim Freemasons as a group made America’s rune stones. Instead, I claim that one Mason in particular; the Most Illustrious Grand Master of Cryptic Rite for the State of Minnesota- George W. Cooley did. It’s the why he did it which makes up a fair percentage of my book.

Why is due to the unusual history of a particular brand of Masonry he practiced- an unofficial Rite that petitioned Scottish Rite for inclusion as a formalized Rite within the larger Rite but which was repeatedly denied to them for almost three decades. Frustrated at almost thirty years of inaction, the Cryptics would declare at the 1853 National Masonic Convention that the Supreme Council had neither the authority nor jurisdiction to control the Cryptic degrees, and as such, would not entertain any topic or question from these groups which attempted to assert control over them. They refused to accept the relegation of their cherished rites to “side degree” status.
As the total amount of Cryptics nationwide was small the Supreme Council dismissed the independence threat and agreed to relinquish Scottish Rite’s jurisdictional claims. The result of the Cryptic pronouncement was that it effectively separated itself from all other Masonic bodies, making it a distinct and now fully-independent branch of American Masonry. The rift also created new and unintended issues for many Masons who now found themselves with degrees conferred by two separate Masonic organizations, with neither recognizing the legitimacy of the other. It also meant any standardization of the Rite would now need to come from the Cryptics themselves; an issue its members were not ready to tackle immediately. This is a highly unique chapter of American Freemasonry.
In 1873, eight years after the conclusion of the Civil War the Mississippi Grand Council would reach out to the Cryptics, proposing a solution which would allow them to return to the fold. The olive branch, known as the “Mississippi Plan”, was extended due to the belief by Scottish Rite that the Cryptics had made a critical mistake by going independent, and was now on the verge of extinction because of it. Rejoining the Masonic family was seen as a way to guarantee the Rite’s survival.
This fact had the effect of both confusing and galvanizing the small remaining cadre of Cryptic adherents. For many, agreeing to the plan seemed prudent as there were obvious advantages of returning to the fold. More independent-minded Cryptics however viewed the agreement as akin to open war which intended to destroy the Rite, and vehemently opposed both the merger the Royal Arch’s right to confer Cryptic degrees
By 1877 however, the Mississippi Plan, now four years old, had done significant damage to Cryptic membership. The Councils of Arkansas, Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, Nebraska, North Carolina, South Carolina and Wisconsin, had agreed to the come back to Scottish Rite under the auspices of the Royal Arch, and the official conferring of Cryptic degrees by Masons who were not themselves Cryptics, was now commonplace.
It was true, Cryptics were small in number, and they lacked a formal organizational structure at the national level, but its devout members were never worried about extinction. Its leaders acknowledged the Rite’s need for codification and that governance of the system at the state level would not be enough to satisfy that requirement. A constitution would need to be written and a long-overdue national General Grand Cryptic Council had to be created. Luckily, due to the diligence of Cryptic Rite’s unofficial national leader; Josiah H. Drummond from Maine, much of the groundwork for both had been in the works since 1872.

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Paul Stewart
10/26/2013 10:51:51 am

In 1877, Cryptics would finally respond at their national convention held in Buffalo, New York, with Drummond coming prepared- suggesting committees be assigned to research and answer four critical questions with the results to be presented at the next Convention in 1880. If these questions could all be answered concretely it could potentially constitute the beginnings of a formalized Cryptic governmental structure;
Drummond appointed four separate committees to study the questions and granted the request from George W. Cooley, a member of one of the committees and the Grand Master of the State of Minnesota, that the location of the next Cryptic convention in 1880 be held in Detroit, Michigan.
Three years later in downtown Detroit, the Cryptics met again. Immediately following the official opening of the 1880 convention, a formal vote on Question #1, was demanded by George Cooley- asking whether each agreed with the Mississippi Plan and its requirement that all Cryptic Rite degrees must first meet with approval from the Supreme Council. The vote overwhelmingly rejected the Plan, followed in turn by succinct answers to three remaining questions devised by Josiah H. Drummond in 1877. Cooley then moved for the creation of a committee to study the advisability of creating a General Grand Council of Royal and Select Masters, as well as a review of a draft version of a Cryptic Constitution should the committee’s report return in the positive.
On August 25th, with fourteen Grand Councils present, the recommendations to form a General Grand Cryptic Council as well as an approval of the Constitution written by Drummond were both agreed to. Elections were then held and Josiah H. Drummond would become Cryptic Rite’s first General Grand Master while his right-hand man George W. Cooley assumed the role of its first General Grand Recorder. Convention meeting minutes and the Constitution were printed and distributed throughout the United States for all Grand Councils to eventually ratify.
By the following March 1st, of 1881, Drummond would issue a nationwide declaration which stated that nine Grand Councils (the minimum amount needed to pass legislation), had approved the Constitution and that there now formally existed a General Grand Council of Royal and Select Masters of the United States of America- a victory which took almost 60 years to accomplish and 27 years after declaring their independence from Scottish Rite.

Why is any of this important, and what does it have to do with the Kensington Rune Stone? It has to due with what the Cryptics believe.

Jason, the fact that you don’t understand Hebrew Gematria and how it applies to the Ten Commandments, the Tetragrammaton, Kaballah, and their subsequent Masonic interpretations doesn’t make me incorrect- you simply don’t understand it. It’s actually very simple but most importantly- this isn’t numerology in the "Zodiac- What’s Your Sign?- Chinese fortune cookie sense" and I’m not playing with values to obtain numbers that "work". Gematria has very simple rules that I didn’t invent- and they are constant. Again, this isn’t numerology in the American sense. This is a foundational building block of Judaism and Hebrew.

This isn’t playing with numbers to find out whether you'll get lucky next week- but rather very simple add and subtract equations using numbers of significance philosophically to provide additional numbers of significance.

Since you know Latin as well as you do you should be aware that a similar Gematrian system also exists for Latin as well as Greek.

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Jason Colavito link
10/26/2013 10:56:34 am

I am not questioning the existence of Kaballah and its various mystical analogues. What makes you wrong is the fact that you found "instructions" for applying an alleged code in a recent editor's online interpolation into a 19th century text that says no such thing.

You can make all the claims you want and then say "prove me wrong," but until you get the nuts and bolts of scholarship down--such as quoting sources accurately--your ideas are simply impossible to endorse for want of a solid foundation for your higher order speculation.

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Paul Stewart
10/26/2013 11:01:28 am

Part 4 I guess....

To quote Albert Pike, the leader of Scottish Rite for the United States for over three decades during the mid 1800s:

“The true Philosophy, known and practiced by Solomon, is the basis on which Masonry is founded. Our Ancient Masons have concealed from us the most important point of this Divine Art, under hieroglyphical characters, which are but enigmas and parables”

The true philosophy is Gematria- the language of numbers.

Thus it could be a coincidence that when 666 is removed from 1362 (the year on the KRS), that its remainder is 696; the numeric value of the 1st Commandment in Hebrew, but is it also a coincidence that the KRS is also located exactly 666-miles from Detroit, the location in 1880 where the General Grand Council of Cryptic Rite was created – a location lobbied for three years earlier by George W. Cooley?

Is it a coincidence that Phippsburg, Maine, just a few miles north of Spirit Pond (where the Spirit Pond rune stones were reportedly found), is the ancestral home of Cryptic Rite’s 1st General Grand Master, and that it too is 666-miles from Detroit?

Is it coincidence that the Heavener rune stone, found just to the east of Heavener, Oklahoma, is 696 miles away from the original location of the Grand Lodge of Minnesota?

If all three of these locations can even be remotely entertained as possibly purposeful, one would have to conclude that an individual would have needed a specialized skill set in which to measure these distances accurately. A fair statement?

Would it surprise anyone then that Cryptic Rite’s first General Grand Recorder, and the head of Cryptic Rite for the State of Minnesota, George W. Cooley, the man who insisted the 1880 Cryptic Convention be held in Detroit, was also a surveyor for the state of Minnesota and the Federal Government?

Again- this isn’t playing with numbers- this is Gematria.

There are deep reasons for why certain numbers, 33 in particular, resonate and have resonated with cultures. For example:

The amount of degrees obtainable in Scottish Rite Freemasonry is 32, however a 33rd Degree, being an honorary one, is actually the highest. Why?

Hebraic tradition distinguishes 32 ways of the Wisdom to which it also adds a 33rd; an "Ain Soph” or “Unknowable One”. Why?

King David reigned 33 years.

In the “Shem-Ha-Meforash” (the 72 names of God), the name “Jehovah” is the 33rd name. Why?

Christ accomplished 33 miracles.

Christ was crucified at age 33.

Some Christian denominations believe Joseph was 33 years old when he wed Mary.

Some scholars believe the Antichrist will be 33 at his advent.

The total amount of unique parables in the Gospels is 33.

The words “cross” and “devil” are used 33 times in the New Testament.

In Catholicism, there are “33 Litanies of the Holy Angels”.

After a fast of 40 days, Buddha left the desert and was followed by 33 princes.

33 spiritual practitioners were responsible for the spread of Buddhism.

In the songs of the “Rig Veda”, 33 divinities, divided into 3 classes are invoked.

In “Divine Comedy”, Dante attributes 33 songs to Purgatory and 33 songs to Sky. Why 33?


Why 33? I didn’t create its significance- nor am I playing with numbers as these aren’t my numbers. Why does 33 resonate? I’m asking the group.

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Paul Stewart
10/26/2013 11:07:48 am

Knowing 33 has this deep connection....isn’t it odd that when the numbers on the front of the KRS are added together (8 + 22 + 2 + 10 = 42) and the side (10 + 14 + 1362 = 1386), and the two are divided by each other; 1386/42, that the answer is 33? No?

Is it also a coincidence that when all the numbers on the KRS are added together in a per-digit format (8 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 1 + 0 + 1 + 0 + 1 + 4 + 1 + 3 + 6 + 2) - that they too equals 33? Still no?

Is the fact that the three lines on the side of the KRS are 33.33% of the nine lines found on its front also a coincidence?

When the letters A-V-M (or AUM- either/or as they retain the same value) are converted to numbers using the Alchemical or Illuminati Cipher, their values are: 12 + 20 + 1 or 33.

Isn’t it also odd that George W. Cooley, the head of Cryptic Rite for Minnesota and the one who requested the 1880 Convention be held in Detroit, which places both the KRS and the Spirit Pond stone 666-miles away can also be found to have done the following on dates which equal 33?

Cooley created the “Adoniram Council #5” in Minneapolis Feb 18, 1876
2 + 1 + 8 + 1 + 8 + 7 + 6 = 33

Cooley’s Adoniram #5 was constituted on March 26, 1876
3 + 2 + 6 + 1 + 8 + 7 + 6 = 33

Cooley presides over the 9th Annual Assembly of the Grand Council of Royal and Select Masters - Oct 8th, 1878-
1 + 0 + 8 + 1 + 8 + 7 + 8 = 33

1st Cryptic Conference after ratification held on August 14, 1883
8 + 1 + 4 + 1 + 8 + 8 + 3 = 33

Cooley joins American Society of Civil Engineers on Sept 2, 1885
9 + 2 + 1 + 8 + 8 + 5 = 33 (Yes, Cooley had joined the American Society of Engineers in the year 1885, on a date which equaled 33, but less obvious was the fact that the Society itself, created in 1852, was celebrating its 33rd year, the year Cooley joined).

Cooley resigned as General Grand Master of Cryptic Rite on July 7, 1891
7 + 7 + 1 + 8 + 9 + 1 = 33

Cooley’s U.S. Passport Application received Sept.14, 1909
9 + 1 + 4 + 1 + 9 + 0 + 9 = 33

Both George and his wife’s (Lida Nicholson Grimshaw), initials, when given a numerical values based upon their places in the English alphabet, equal 33

G + W + C equals 7 + 23 + 3= 33
L + N + G equals 12 + 14 + 7 = 33

c) - Cooley was born in 1845 and his wife in 1851. The two dates when added together as individual digits equal 33;
1 + 8 + 4 + 5 + 1 + 8 + 5 + 1 = 33

One might think well....ALL Masons, given their propensity to the number 333 propably do that (I know I did)..well they don't. I really checked this and could not find any comparative examples of it.

So, if the readers of your blog think all of this is can be chalked up to simple coincidence rather than a highly suspicious pattern, then The Enigmatist is most certainly not for them…

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RLewis
10/27/2013 03:57:43 am

Yes, it's simple coincidence. What you seemingly fail to grasp is that you are cherry-picking from literally millions (probably billions) of sources throughout all time. It would be much weirder and significant if you could not find ANY 33s in that entire data set.

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Paul Stewart
10/26/2013 11:09:07 am

Yikes...lots 'o typos on that last one...someone is tired...

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Only Me
10/26/2013 12:57:38 pm

No offense, Paul, but "The Enigmatist" would not be for this reader for a few reasons. I'll address two.

1) You find significance with 33, and list many examples. All I can say is, congratulations, you have the literary version of Jim Carrey's movie "23". Numbers have always held fascination or significance to someone throughout history. Unfortunately, you've seemingly crossed into the mindset that allows you to see 33 almost everywhere. To understand what I mean, look to other posts on this blog concerning Scott Wolter. He's given himself over completely to proving a Templar connection in almost everything he touches, so much so, that he see their influence in Exxon and ReMax signs, and even, no joke, on the face of the Oreo. This need to find and point to such "evidence", even where it doesn't exist, leads to no good. I hope I'm wrong about you, I sincerely do.

2) As Gunn has said many times, why must the KRS (and by extension, other rune stones) be made to say more than what's been carved on them? Why must some grandiose conspiracy, of unknowable intent, be attributed to them? Is it no longer possible to simply prove their authenticity based on their merits, without having some mysterious cabal involved? This driving need to prove them via convoluted theories serves no purpose. It confuses any genuine effort to prove or disprove, based on the available evidence and the existence of the rune stones themselves.

I'm a simple man, Paul. Most people are. Hoax...or not. The answer shouldn't more complicated than that.

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william smith
10/27/2013 02:09:05 am

I agree with you 100%. Take the KRS for what it is and make your own choice on the strength of the evidence and credibility of the messenger. Ever who carved it understood where they were on the earth.( Far west of Vinland) and they understood their mission (Claim land).

LynnBrant link
10/26/2013 11:32:24 am

I once witnesses a meteorite fall to earth. It was recovered about two miles from my house. Out of the billions of meteorites out there, and the millions that fall to earth without disintegrating, THIS particular meteorite fell in THAT square foot of the earth's 4.5 quadrillion square foot surface. What are the odds of that? Can that be chalked up to coincidence?

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Gunn
10/28/2013 09:23:47 am

Yes, unless you're someone special. And what message did you get out of the meteorite falling so close to your home--that you're lucky it didn't hit you?

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Tom Rent
10/26/2013 11:55:13 am

I wouldn't be so quick to dismiss this discovery by Stewart. It seems very plausible if you step back and look at it with an open mind.

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Gunn
10/26/2013 01:59:25 pm

Paul, I really hate to bring this up, but if Cistercians or a similar group were partly responsible for carving the KRS in 1362, as some believe, couldn't you be confusing some of their sacred geometry numbers with something else? In other words, maybe there are some mysterious connections between the KRS and special numbers, but originating from a source other than what you imagine...a much earlier source, for instance.

I don't know how you've treated the "discovery story," that is, the recognized details of the KRS's discovery, but the runestone had an obvious root-growth pattern on it when discovered, and the aspen tree had been growing on it for several years, probably more, so I don't see how you can fit your type of hoax into the "real scene," which puts the runestone back before the time of Cooly. Plus, how would he get Olaf and Edward and the neighbor to all be fooled about finding it?

It seems that everyone has things happen to them by the numbers. For several years, I explored the JFK assassination, concluding that the Mob did it and elements of our government knew about it and have covered it up, much as our government knew 911 was going to occur and didn't stop it, and have now covered it up. Anyway, I invented a wind turbine and the patent date came back: 11/22/11. Is this God saying thanks for my diligent JFK work, or could this be my imagination?

There is astrology and there is astronomy; there is numerology and there is math; there is science and there is mystical belief. I think, here in the present case, the situation is endlessly confusing, as the meanings and uses of numbers are possibly conflicting, crossing back and forth between science (math) and speculations.

In the end, the numbers are impressive, but they don't make sense, and nothing is proven. Obviously, the KRS is much older than the date it was found, which in and of itself throws your hypothesis off, especially when considering the discovery details. Sorry, Paul, your hoaxing attempt fails.

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LynnBrant
10/26/2013 03:01:43 pm

"much as our government knew 911 was going to occur and didn't stop it, and have now covered it up."

So you're a truther, too. Who would have guessed. (eyeroll)

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Only Me
10/26/2013 07:02:33 pm

Really, Lynn. It's been a long time since you last participated here, and already you're getting personal. Didn't the fact you faced such behavior back in March, when you commented on Jason's review of the America Unearthed episode "America's Oldest Secret", leave an impression? I suggest you follow John J. McKay's advice to the posters that attacked YOU.

"If (Gunn's) ideas are bad....argue with those. The....cheap shots have no place here."

LynnBrant
10/27/2013 12:50:23 am

No. It's not a cheap shot to call crazy talk crazy. The government knew about 911 and didn't stop it? I would be embarrassed to have anyone on my side of any debate say such a thing. I would also be embarrassed not to have the balls to use my real name. Just sayin'

Gunn
10/27/2013 04:12:04 am

A "Truther?" Well, if that's someone looking for the truth, then I guess I'm a Truther.

Well, in a nutshell, my talk isn't crazy. "Wormhead" Michael Hayden, as head of the NSA, didn't share pertinent information with other US agencies. That situation has apparently been remedied now.

I'm not one who believes our government brought the buildings down. To me, that is unrealistic. But it's not that much of a stretch to understand that our government, in the past, has longed for just such events to occur in order to pursue overseas objectives.

Documented history proves our government had once considered downing an airplane load of students to or from Cuba and blaming it on Castro as a means of entering into a conflict with him. As Gomer Pyle was fond of saying, "Surprise! Surprise! Surprise!"

Doing something or allowing something to happen are two different things, completely. But in either case, there is the awful cover-up. In the case of the JFK murder, elements of the government knew it was going to happen, didn't stop it, and then covered it up to this very day. I believe George Bush, Sr., is the longest pole in the cover-up tent. If there was once a cover-up, then there is still a cover-up. Does this sound logical, or the talk of a crazy man bringing into remembrance the Bonesmen of yesteryear?

Who else knew 911 was going to happen. Start with Israel, who warned us, and then go to any number of other countries, our friends, who tried to warn us. Israeli intelligence was probably gathering as much information about the participants of 911 as our own NSA. Then there's the very real issue of the multitude of Israeli student spies who suddenly began vanishing.

All I can say, LynnBrant, is that a lot of gullible people are walking around, talking crazy about the innocence of our past governments. Oswald acted alone, right? (What a sick joke.)

Only Me
10/27/2013 05:49:22 am

You missed the point, Lynn. Like I said, argue with Gunn based on his ideas, don't summarily dismiss him with feeble name-calling, like "truther".

And since when did using my real name or not change the validity of my point? If you treat others with disrespect, expect it in kind.

LynnBrant
10/27/2013 06:03:42 am

1. The present culture defines truther as one who believes in a 9/11 conspiracy. It's not name-calling to refer to one who espouses such theories as a truther, anymore than to refer to one who advocates liberal causes as a liberal. As for his "ideas" - that's precisely what I was speaking to. Crazy truther ideas.

2. Probably since the advent of human self-consciousness. I submit that we "know" almost unconsciously, to suspect those who wear masks of any kind.

Only Me
10/27/2013 06:19:54 am

Alright, I'll accede your first point. However, you've shown you can make one without being snarky. Respectful expression of a differing opinion is preferred.

By the logic of your second point, a vast majority of contributors to this site are suspect, since you're free to type anything in the name before you post, pseudonym or otherwise. It still doesn't invalidate any sound arguments, references, research, opinions or questions put forth on the blog.

william smith
10/26/2013 03:38:46 pm

Gunn - I agree with you and feel the KRS is older than the late 1800,s, however the tree roots could be more supportive to Paul's theory than to the aging theory. A close observation of the suggested tree roots indicate they exist only on the back and right side. This brings up the question as to why no root stains on the left side? One answer may be the left side was carved after the stone was removed from the ground which may imply their was no tree. The following link will allow you to see for yourself (http://www.photospherix.com/examples/239.aspx)
When you open the site you must page down to get the tool bar to zoom and rotate the stone.

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Gunn
10/27/2013 04:35:25 am

I don't know, William, maybe there was another rock or rocks next to the runestone that prevented or restricted the root from "acting normally."

Out of curiosity, what is your own personal take on why 3 stonehole rocks would be in one specific location...like only feet apart? I don't see how this fits in with compass-work. I look at the stoneholes as being mostly (not exclusively) for carving up land. Therefore, I see the stonehole rocks encircling Runestone Hill as possibly being related to claiming land, such as out in SD, but there is always the possibility that sacred geometry was used for some purpose before the runestone was deposited there.

In other words, why is the knoll encircled by more than a dozen of these rocks, if not to conceal the runestone using sacred geometry? I'm not convinced that sacred geometry was used, in part, because I see the runestone as a memorial stone, not as a specific land claim. And, again, a memorial isn't made to be buried.

I, myself, have put together a grid pattern to support the idea of someone returning to find the KRS, if it was purposely buried, but I don't know if it really means something or not. Maybe it meant something earlier than 1362. I can't explain it exactly, but I've got this notion that the stonehole rocks pre-existed the placing of the runestone. It seems to me like possibly the runestone party of men knew about the existence of the Runestone Hill location...for some reason, maybe connected to already-existing land claims, or grid mapping of some kind...such as using ley-lines.

I find it no accident that a straight line runs between Duluth, Kensington, and the location in SD where a multitude of other stonehole rocks can be found. William, this part certainly looks like compass work!

I'm somewhat perplexed by your other ideas about different creation dates, and moving the KRS, but I'll check into it further by studying KRS images, etc....but I thought Wolter had double-dated the stone, using the Easter Tablet, or some such thing?

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william smith
10/27/2013 06:15:38 am

Gunn - I will attempt to answer your question as to my opinion on the stone holes. I spent one week in the fields of Minn.. and N.D. with Steve Hilgren and a film crew doing work as it relates to the KRS. I also give credit to Judi Rudibush (sp) for being a detail researcher of the holes. First - You must include all the stone holes and not just the one at Duluth and the group in N.D. and the group at KRS hill. You must classify the holes as a triangle hole rather than a round. You must include the same type found in the New England states as well as the one in Ohio near the finding site of the Ohio rock. About 50 miles north of KRS hill is additional holes and more toward the red river as well as other areas Steve and Judi have identified. I am sure their are over 100 identified that fit the triangle style. Their are no two that are alike other than triangle in shape and likely made with a flat chisel. Some of the variances are depth (1/2 in. to 10 in.), some stones have as many as 3 holes at different locations on the same stone, some stones with holes have little iron magnetite where others have a high degree (measured with a compass deflection when held next to the stone and in some cases the color of the iron oxide in the stone), Their is no consistency in the size of the stones (some are as small as a basketball and some are as large as a car), Their is no consistency in elevation above old lake levels or sea level. Their is no consistency between game trails or timber areas.
Their is some information that may lead to the WHY the holes were made that can be speculated from the data which is a single explanation all the holes would fit. The deeper the hole the higher the magnetism. When you study the history of tools used between 1250 and 1500 for determining location on the earth you will find this tool is a lodestone compass. A lodestone compass has a sun dial to determine true north, below this sun dial is a magnetic compass that reads magnetic north. The difference in the readings is called magnetic declination. This reading was used to establish a longitude location in early map making. The lodestone compass had to have powder magnetite packed into it or a high percentage of magnetite in a stone to allow the metal needle in the compass to function proper. It was common for the compass to become inaccurate if the lodestone was held next to metal. In order to assure the reading in ND and KRS hill was accurate the user likely replaced the magnetite in his compass with virgin material. If he was on a beach he would drag his sword in the sand to collect this material. When he was on land he had to find this magnetite by using a chisel on stone that contained it. The magnetite would stick to the chisel and be collected to load into the holding stone of the compass. I feel this was the prime function of the group of stone holes in N.D. in 1362 and was the same at KRS hill in 1472. At each of these locations the magnetic declination was zero on their respective dates. The 65 miles between the two groups of stone holes is the amount of drift to the east in 110 years. I have reconstructed a lodestone compass to show how it works, The reconstruction was from an actual compass found in NY (Minus the stone) and the stone that fits this NY compass called (The Mystery stone of NH). I have confirmed the function of the Mystery stone by finding the lodestone donated by Admiral Somers in a museum in Bermuda that dates pre 1600. Another lodestone was found in a post hole by Jan Barstead at the Newport Tower in RI. Other compass parts are in the Historical society museum in Newport RI that were likely used in alignment during the tower construction.
In summary I feel the prime function of the stone holes were to find magnetite to confirm the important location being marked. The single holes in stones can also be a compass by floating a metal needle in water in the hole and comparing this to a sun dial reading. This process would be the technology used to survey the land in 1362 and 1472, however it would not be a process Cooley would use. I hope I have addressed your questions..

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Mike M.
10/27/2013 01:04:40 pm

I think the stone holes are common because settlers used field stone in construction of fences and house basements, and because it was necessary to get larger rocks out of their fields for more efficient plowing. There is plenty of documented evidence that this is true. In fact, Olof Ohman's son even stated (in a newspaper interview) that he and his brothers drilled the holes in rocks on runestone hill. He said that he wasn't very good with the chisel and ended up drilling triangular holes, even though he tried to make them round. And by the way, during archaeological survey in western Minnesota it is not uncommon, when an old settler house foundation is discovered, to see remnants of drilled holes in some of the foundation stones. Sometimes stone was also broken up and taken to local "granite works" where it was sold for a little profit.

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william smith
10/27/2013 01:51:20 pm

Mike - That is a good function the holes could have had. It seems to me in my visit to the fields and surrounding area of KRS hill that their are plenty of stones laying around to make a basement wall without changing the size by drilling holes in them. I also think plenty of buildings would show evidence of this practice. I have heard they even made lift aids for stones and I have seen many railroad bridge stones with holes for lifting them in place. These were normally from a quarry where larger stones were cut to size. A few other uses could be holding nets to catch birds in july when they are molting and can not fly or holding fish nets or traps in a river, or securing bear traps or beaver or holding marker flags or blasting powder or using the stone as an anchor point for pulling logs, wagons from one point to another. They used them in Canada to lock a log in the water in order to guide the floating logs to the mill. they used them as mooring stones also. prospectors used them to study the minerals in the rock. however in most of the holes drilled for these functions were round and at least 8 in. deep. If they were for clearing a field for plowing or making a fence then the rock piles in the area will be full of them or at least half a hole. A suggestion to prove your point would be to inspect the stones in a pile down the hill from the KRS. When clearing fields in Indiana with my grandfather we would load them on a wood drag and pull the drag with a team of horses to a low ground cut at the edge of a field and place them at that location to decrease erosion of the field. Your suggestion is a good one that should be shared and studied. Thanks for sharing.

Gunn link
10/27/2013 02:10:21 pm

For a good study of stoneholes showing the difference between round, modern stoneholes and aged, triangulated ones, look at the page on my website showing the rock I recently found outside a MN museum, touting it as a Viking or Indian rock. I put up photos of the area it was found, showing round, not triangulated stoneholes.

If one cared to look at the stoneholes I show at Runestone Park and the Viking Altar Rock, he or she will see authentic aged, triangulated stonehole, which I believe date back to medieval times. Now compare the small round holes I show found near the location of that museum rock. Although there is plenty of lichen to show age, you will see that the holes are very round...not made by the method used, by hand, at Runestone Hill. This is the difference between "modern" and medieval stoneholes.

Stoneholes can be confusing, but I'm not confused by them. There are several purposes for the authentic aged, triangulated ones, but I believe the majority in this region represented medieval Swedish attempts to carve up Native American territory.

william smith
10/27/2013 03:13:15 pm

Gunn - You must back up what you say about the ancient triangle stone holes are left by early explorers to carve up the land. What tool did they use to locate the positions of the holes. I think we agree on age of the stones, however the only potential land mark claim I am aware of is the KRS. Keep in mind these people understood where they were (far west of Vinland, one day south of main camp, 14 days from the inland sea).

Gunn
10/28/2013 10:15:00 am

William, I'll admit that most of my reasoning for thinking the stoneholes were for carving up land is because of the general pattern of stoneholes found just across the MN border, in SD, along the Whetstone River. The pattern suggests carving up land, especially if one considers that Scandinavian images are also carved in conjunction with these stonehole rocks. To me that further suggests the "branding" of land, such as cattle used to be branded years ago. Here's how it would work: the land prospector, using stonehole rocks, sets up boundaries, such as was actually, historically, done in Iceland. Swedes knew what stoneholes were for, besides mooring ships. But who owns the stoneholes in a certain stretch of land? Ownership would be determined by whoever was able to claim the particular image carved in association with the stoneholes in that area. I think there were certain rules that applied, such as perhaps two or three stoneholes grouped close together meant something in particular...I don't know what. I'm just speculating about why I think most of the stoneholes were used in association with claiming land, and not for another main purpose.

Again, I don't see the Kensington Runestone as a land claim, even though the men were concerned on their mission with obtaining land, as stated in the message. Half of the men died on that particular mission (of the twenty), and the others, their friends, simply wanted to leave a memorial to them of what happened.

Yes, they identified who they were, nationality-wise (medieval Sweden), and they mentioned why they had come, and they knew precisely where they were. West of Vinland. Two weeks away from their waiting ship (near Duluth), and one day's travel from where they had been camped, fishing, in preparation for the return trip.

They made their mistake by staying in camp. They should've been moving, camping only for the night. Obviously, they were sneaked up on and ambushed. Scalping was commonplace in that region and in that timeframe, as proven by a very large archaeological dig in nearby SD. The men did not die of disease, as it would have impossible for disease to strike all ten who stayed at the camp for the day, while completely missing the ten who went fishing. A lot of this can figured out by using simple logic, but people refuse to use logic, preferring politically correct dogma instead.

Let's keep looking, William!

Gunn link
10/27/2013 01:56:43 pm

We agree about a lot, William, except about the stoneholes. I don't think they were used for the purpose you indicated, especially because there are other oddities about these hole to consider. For example, the so-called Viking Altar Rock near Sauk Lake has 4 stoneholes in it, two carved vertically and two horizontally. Who can guess what the actual purpose of the stoneholes here was? It looks to me like it could have been used as a shelter against the prevailing NW wind, rather than an altar. Or, maybe it was part of a land claim.

Though there are these obviously aged, triangulated stoneholes to be found in varying places and states, the two biggest clusters still seem to be around Runestone Hill and just across the border, in SD, specifically along the Whetstone River. I've reviewed all the evidence, in depth, and it really looks apparent to me that the stoneholes, for the most part, represented medieval boundary/land markings, probably by Swedes. The KRS is a mostly Swedish document, I believe, and so are the Scandinavian carvings and metal weapons which have been found scattered throughout the region.

Having said this, I think it is likely the stonehole rocks surrounding Runestone Hill were for a special purpose, other than for just claiming specific land. I know ley-lines usually end on a hill. I think Runestone Hill was already some kind of known marker within that region. Perhaps it was a sort of hub...just not a shipping hub!!!

Here's the reason I think the KRS party of land-happy explorers did not carve these stonehole rocks. Because it would've made a lot of noise and they were interested in getting out of there, fast. But not fast enough to not leave behind a MEMORIAL stone to their murdered comrades. Why did they leave the memorial stone where they did? I think it is because they knew Runestone Hill was a spot people would be returning to in the future. (Consider that the spot is only 3 miles or so from the Chippewa River. On my website, I show what the Chippewa River looks like in photos, near Runestone Hill.)

Though we believe a lot alike, I see no reason to believe that the KRS was ever moved. But again, I see it as a memorial stone, not a land claim stone. I think I gave Wolter too much credit at first for suggesting that the stone document was completely buried, originally. Now, that makes no sense to me, when compared to the message on the stone. I believe the message is intended to be taken literally, and there was no reason to bury it. Again, I think they stopped off at Runestone Hill to make and set up the memorial stone, then left quickly, continuing downstream to the MN River.

I still need to study some old images of the KRS for your proposed change from a 3 to a 4 in the date. I hope you aren't disheartened because I think most of the stoneholes were for a different purpose, but at least we are both beyond such negativity as that proposed by Mike M., above.

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william smith
10/27/2013 02:30:06 pm

Gunn - I also feel we agree on a lot of items, just as I agree with Paul and Mike on a lot of items. If Paul finds out Holland and Cooley were fraternity brothers we all may eat crow. That's ok with me because at least we may find the truth. Their will still be those that ignore supporting facts or hard evidence. The best book in the world (The Bible) has and is challenged daily for its content.

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william smith
10/28/2013 01:29:37 pm

Gunn - A few points I would like to make, however do not think my logic is any better than yours.
In 1362 the standard distance for one day of travel was close to 72 miles. This standard was established by the average expected distance a caravel ship could travel in 24 hrs. To accomplish this speed one needs ta average 3 mph. which is the average speed of a man walking on level land or the average speed of a small row boat with 6 passengers and only 4 rowing at a time. A single sail could decrease the need for rowing or increase the speed. A tool that was used to mark or measure distance on a map was the same design as a canvas sewing wheel. This tool had 30 points on a wheel that if one revolution of the wheel was made it would be one month of travel. Also the cartographer (map maker) had a standard size for maps which made this tool universal map to map. The distance between points on the tool represented one days travel. I am sure the days identified on the KRS were standard lengths of measure used during that period. This implies the base camp was 72 miles north of KRS hill. It also implies the ships were on the inland sea (Hudson Bay).
The 22 and 8 on the land expedition total 30, then an additional 10 men were left at the main ships 14 days north. Total of 40 men which fits the capacity of 2 caravel ships. Each main ship normally carried 4 smaller ships. This was the standard fishing ship of the time period. When the 30 men left the 10 men in Hudson Bay they took 6 of the 8 small boats.
Their is no proof as to who or how the 10 men dead red with blood died. I feel the 10 dead were native Americans that were helping the explorers and died of pneumonia. One reason for this is it is very unlikely to return to camp to find 10 were killed by local natives and then go south one days travel to make a grave stone in their honor. They would be placing the enemy between them and their mother ship. I also feel it is very rare when all killed in a battle are red with blood. On the other side if you had no immune to pneumonia and as a group were exposed to it you would die in 12 days with the last two days coughing up blood.
I like your logic, and will always listen to other explanations.

Reply
Kelly Broyles
10/29/2013 05:00:11 am

I have read over the comments concerning the book by Paul Stewart on his theory regarding the Kensington Runestone in Minnesota. I also had the opportunity to look at his book on the matter. It strikes me that there are two prevailing opinions in the analysis of this Minnesota artifact. First, the runestone says what it says and that is an obvious fact and most observers acknowledge that fact. However, the flip side of the coin is the conspiracy/secret code folks like Stewart who feel that swarms of Freemasons, Knights Templar, Kabbalah devotees, or others were marching around the countryside leaving secrets for other members of their fraternal organizations. The author of the Da Vinci Code, Mr. Brown must revel in the mischief that he unleashed on the rest of us.

The numerology, secret codes, and all the other “evidence” sewn together in an unbelievable sequence to prove a far out theory is simply fiction. Some examples of “evidence” touted in Stewart’s book are that the Kensington Runestone and the Spirit Pond stones are 666 miles from Detroit. I used a circle calculator to test this hypothesis, but neither of the runestones is 666 miles from Detroit. They are both at least 670 to 675 miles, perhaps insignificant but they are still not “666”. There are sources that relate freemasonry to the Ku Klux Klan, and in fact Albert Pike cited in Stewart’s book in some circles is cited as the founder of the KKK. Using Stewart’s numerology theory, K is the 11th letter so 11+11+11 = 33. Hmmm. The origination of the KKK was from Tuscaloosa, AL to Columbus, GA and Macon, GA. This swath is 666 miles from Detroit. Research shows that the Masons were heavily involved in the KKK. So my question is, was the Kensington Runestone carved by the Klan and is it a document with a secret code concerning the secrets of this organization? I think not, but it shows the folly of using numerology for any legitimate purpose.

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william smith
10/29/2013 05:14:41 am

Gunn - The Viking Alter rock is 36 miles east of KRS hill. It has 4 triangle holes that vary in location and depth in the so called stones making up the alter. I feel the stones are just a convenient location and position to drill and gather magnetite. The 36 miles would represent 1/2 degree on the compass used during this time and would show confirmation that the KRS was located close to the zero magnetic declination of the time. Has anyone taken a reading to see if the alter stone contains iron magnetite?
Your opinion that the stone holes may be a boundary land claim may be true, however I see too much variance in them to be a land mark. I do feel they may be the results of the people placing the KRS with a compass that required magnetite (virgin) in order to take an accurate reading. The groups of holes in SD, KRS hill and stone alter are close to being on the same latitude. This is also close to the same latitude of the Spirit Pond stone and the Northern border of Portugal. Just as the Heavener Oklahoma is close to the same latitude of southern Portugal.

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Gunn
10/29/2013 02:21:45 pm

William, I figure differently on what "one day travel" meant. Although I agree with you about the open sea, the travel these men were embarked on was accomplished, I believe, by river, down and over west from near Duluth, MN. In essence, I think the message was referring to how far the men were camped, north, in terms of how far they could travel up the relatively small Chippewa River, upstream, in one day. I see no reason to think they applied some other method to describe their travel, other than by accurate terms for the circumstances. Why would they describe land navigation the same way as the sea?

Therefore, the distance would be more like about twenty miles or so, some paddling, some pulling. That would put them near Brandon, MN, up towards the bigger lakes where fishing would be better. I guess it is far-fetched to consider the Brandon Axe, which is currently in the Runestone Museum's collection, as possibly never traveling far from where it was originally acquired by local Native Americans. I bet that iron weapon could tell some Native American stories from over the past several hundred years! Its in great condition, unlike the other weapons in the museum. It was given to the first "white" settler of some land by a Native American in the Brandon area. Of course, this is an extrapolation, but I'm only saying that I figure the approximate distance is about right, if one considers traveling upstream in small boats. No sailing. Hard work.

As to your own personal stonehole theory, I don't discount the possibility of what you are saying, but I don't understand why a chunk of the rock wouldn't be whacked off and then pounded into powder and chips, instead of laboriously hand chiseling stoneholes to get the material? I don't doubt at all your lode-stone/compass ideas, as I see the results of compass work in aligning Duluth, Kensington and the Whetstone River. It's just that the message on the runestone says they were prospecting for land (acquisition, or whatever). I don't know why the men were so far north of Runestone Hill, prospecting. Maybe the land areas around Runestone Hill were already taken. So much of this is a mystery, like why they came three or four miles directly east of the Chippewa River, to Runestone Hill, to deposit the runestone. I think they were looking for that specific location, which they already knew about. But you are right, they were in a hurry to get out of there!

By the way, the message says there were thirty men on the mission, the way most people read it. The 22 and 8 represented the entire group on the mission, which included the ten left with the ship. That would leave 20 for the expedition/exploration inland. But I can see how it could be taken both ways, if the message only referred to the men going inland when counting the 22 and 8. They probably used "afterboats," pulled behind the ship. On my website, I have shown the exact river route I believe the 20 men took, and I also show what the Chippewa River looks like from about Kensington to Brandon.

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William smith
10/29/2013 10:59:26 pm

It is always good to have different views on what took place over 500 years ago. My views are from years of research on the subject and the best fit picture that took place at the time. My vision may be off, however I can change direction when I am shown supporting facts. From this I will say why I feel 500 years ago the distance on land was the same at sea as well as some other questions I would ask for explanation. For example: Paul will never convince me the KRS is a fake unless he can prove how the mechanical wear line was put on the stone.
It would have been almost impossible for the explorers to get their large ships through the rivers connecting the great lakes. During the time of 500 years ago a sea was salt water a lake was a lock. The stone says an inland sea. All ancient maps of this time were made with grid lines and a common size for measurement with a tool. It did not make a difference between land or water. When traveling by water in a small or large boat the days time of travel is 24 hours. Most ships that were built during this time period were for fishing. The fishing boat had a standard 4 small boats each. The fish were caught using the small boats wheather fishing for whales or running the shallow waters for cod. The American cod fish school migrated up the east coast and into Hudson Bay. This is the likely rout taken by the explorers. Just why I feel the way about some items. As for the lodestone compass, it is a fact from actual research and artifacts that support it. You can read my paper on this subject in Migration and Diffusion. When you open the site go to authors on the left side and click on William Smith.

William smith
10/29/2013 10:59:34 pm

It is always good to have different views on what took place over 500 years ago. My views are from years of research on the subject and the best fit picture that took place at the time. My vision may be off, however I can change direction when I am shown supporting facts. From this I will say why I feel 500 years ago the distance on land was the same at sea as well as some other questions I would ask for explanation. For example: Paul will never convince me the KRS is a fake unless he can prove how the mechanical wear line was put on the stone.
It would have been almost impossible for the explorers to get their large ships through the rivers connecting the great lakes. During the time of 500 years ago a sea was salt water a lake was a lock. The stone says an inland sea. All ancient maps of this time were made with grid lines and a common size for measurement with a tool. It did not make a difference between land or water. When traveling by water in a small or large boat the days time of travel is 24 hours. Most ships that were built during this time period were for fishing. The fishing boat had a standard 4 small boats each. The fish were caught using the small boats wheather fishing for whales or running the shallow waters for cod. The American cod fish school migrated up the east coast and into Hudson Bay. This is the likely rout taken by the explorers. Just why I feel the way about some items. As for the lodestone compass, it is a fact from actual research and artifacts that support it. You can read my paper on this subject in Migration and Diffusion. When you open the site go to authors on the left side and click on William Smith.

William smith
10/29/2013 10:59:42 pm

It is always good to have different views on what took place over 500 years ago. My views are from years of research on the subject and the best fit picture that took place at the time. My vision may be off, however I can change direction when I am shown supporting facts. From this I will say why I feel 500 years ago the distance on land was the same at sea as well as some other questions I would ask for explanation. For example: Paul will never convince me the KRS is a fake unless he can prove how the mechanical wear line was put on the stone.
It would have been almost impossible for the explorers to get their large ships through the rivers connecting the great lakes. During the time of 500 years ago a sea was salt water a lake was a lock. The stone says an inland sea. All ancient maps of this time were made with grid lines and a common size for measurement with a tool. It did not make a difference between land or water. When traveling by water in a small or large boat the days time of travel is 24 hours. Most ships that were built during this time period were for fishing. The fishing boat had a standard 4 small boats each. The fish were caught using the small boats wheather fishing for whales or running the shallow waters for cod. The American cod fish school migrated up the east coast and into Hudson Bay. This is the likely rout taken by the explorers. Just why I feel the way about some items. As for the lodestone compass, it is a fact from actual research and artifacts that support it. You can read my paper on this subject in Migration and Diffusion. When you open the site go to authors on the left side and click on William Smith.

Gunn
10/30/2013 03:47:35 am

Part of the reason I think the party came by way of Lake Superior is because of the ship carving (on my website) at Copper Harbor, MI, which is an exact depiction of a medieval Norse vessel. I have wondered about getting the ship into Lake Superior, and there would be a few ways to do it. It could have been a disassemble-able sailing ship, so that the parts could be portaged where necessary. I hope I'm not going too far on this one, but there's also the possibility of using Shetland Ponies or other animals for most of the muscle-work.

Coming from Hudson Bay, a different river route would have been necessary to reach Runestone Hill. There is no river route going near Kensington, except for the Chippewa River. just as the Viking Altar Rock at Sauk Lake is at the head of the Sauk River. The Chippewa River is the key to understanding how the explorers came to be near Runestone Hill.

Yesterday, I drove all around the area, searching for meaning as to why the men left the river and came several miles inland. It makes little sense. It does make sense, when one sees the exact location, because it really is a peninsula-island, approachable along a ridge-line from the west. I saw that Runestone Park underwent some new roadwork, so that now the approach actually fairly accurately follows the way the men came, along the ridge. The three stoneholes within feet of one another are on Skraaling Hill, on the ridgeline approaching Runestone Hill.

Looking around, it is very obvious that the setting provided a protective, moat-like medieval setting. There is a small lead-in to Runestone Hill, and then the large knoll is surrounded by water and wetlands. I believe the site was intended for something fairly major, involving the heavily-glaciated terrain. One cannot go a quarter mile in the area without coming across a large pond or small lake. In some areas, it seems that every farmer has his or her own spring-fed water source.

To a group such as sheep-raising Cistercian Monks, the area must have been paradise. But the entire region is like this, so I don't know why the men came to Runestone Hill, which is encircled with stonehole rocks, apparently marking the land up for future use, perhaps a monastery. Why did they come inland, away from the Chippewa River. Maybe because the river was a water route for Native Americans, too, and they wanted to avoid that nearby traffic. I have wondered why the Whetstone River was chosen for settlement, too, and it seems likely that those people, also, came by way of the MN River, finding its source at Big Stone Lake. Why didn't these people choose out land along the lake, instead of staking out claims along the Whetstone River, several miles to the west of the lake? I think for the same reason: lower profile, at least until the settlement could grow large enough to encompass the more valuable lake land.

The Runestone Party made the mistake of going too far north, toward the more valuable Native American lands, where fishing and hunting was better. The strange newcomers probably posed a very real threat to the territory, and to families, so they were eliminated.

It's always great to hear new perspectives and take them for a ride.

Reply
william smith
10/30/2013 07:33:02 am

Your theory is well worth investigation. The stone boat carving you are talking about looks more like it was carved by a native American rather than a person with skills to carve runes. Keep in mind that a local native legend indicated the chief (peacemaker) rowed a stone boat across Lake Ontario from west to east in order to explain to the 5 tribes in the east the new laws of the land. I feel a small number of the crew (one or two small boats) with the aid of the native Americans rowed and sailed a small fishing boat from KRS hill to Duluth and via the great lakes to the east coast on their return trip. In addition to the small boat carving you are talking about is a map carved in stone of the lake rout in NY. One key factor is the KRS states 14 days north to the inland sea. We could debate this until the cows come home, however we need to stay on the original topic rather than distract from Paul's theory. I like your theory for the most part and do not want to steer you from it.

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Gunn
10/31/2013 03:15:35 pm

William, sorry to say, but I don't think a small fishing boat rowed and sailed from Runestone Hill. Small river craft don't use sails, no more than birth-bark canoes used sails. There is no place to embark on a river journey from Runestone Hill, other than the Chippewa River, nearby. I've gone onsite several times to study this area, and the river area leading about a day's travel upstream, north. This is a small river, barely navigational in places. Yet explorers have always enjoyed finding river sources.

Frankly, I don't understand why one would choose to pick the Hudson Bay route over the St. Lawrence Seaway route. I have seen this depicted over and over. In fact, today I went to the museum again and they're still supporting this idea. But, in all fairness, it may be because not many others (like myself) have considered another route. I took the time to go and check for myself what the real deal was, and the key to understanding how the runestone party got there is, I believe, looking directly at the Chippewa River. Why would one not choose to believe the more likely route...especially when combined with the ship carving? Generally speaking, William, Native Americans in that area in medieval times didn't have iron to carve with. Hugging the shoreline, the travelers would've found the tip of the long peninsula jutting into Lake Superior very interesting as a landmark. This is where the carving is found, along with the carving of a bear. I believe the ship carving was just to give notice that they had been past there, and the bear carving may have been to advice travelers to be wary of bears.

Also William, sorry again, but the KRS only says 14 day's journey from the inland sea (Lake Superior, I believe), not from the direction, though. I know the message by heart--the two main versions, so it's hard to get anything like this past ole Gunn.

I'd prefer if the cows stayed out for awhile. We can ignore their cowbells. In my opinion, Paul's "theory" is nonsense. Why? Because he doesn't believe the KRS is genuine. That's the only proof needed that this particular writer is way off-base, in my mind.

Remember, I'm a Truther. Ha! Ha!

Reply
william smith
11/1/2013 02:35:11 am

Gunn - I do not agree with most authors who have published work on the KRS, however in all cases pro and con I find value in their theory. I like you, challenge their theory if I have strong evidence to the contrary. You must treat each authors work as if you were a first reader of the KRS. I think Paul did a very good job explaining a motive and potential connection between the Masons and the KRS. Do I believe his story? No because I have been to the KRS and studied wear lines and other items that do not fit the theory. I also do not believe Scott Wolter's work for the same reason.
As for the ship drawing with a bear I can not speak, however it was a fact that when the first white men came to America all tribes talked in moons. Their calendar was in lunar months and each month or year was identified with a native animal or tree. Their are 65 medicine wheels in Canada and the USA that have been recorded and each has 28 to 30 spokes in the wheel. The observer would stand in the center and observe at mid day the position of the moon. The Mandan Indian built their villages around a center sun dial (long pole). When the sun made mid day the shadow of the pole struck the door of the main lodge house located true north of the pole. By standing at the pole and observing the position of the moon a person could tell what day of the month, after each 30 day cycle they would use an animal name to identify the 30 day period, after each year they would use a tree to identify the year. A rough translation of their date and time would be (During the month of the bear in the year of the white oak).A total of 12 animals would be required and 18 trees because of the lunar cycle in its complete cycle. The 5 to 7 day difference between the annual cycle of the moon and sun would be the time for pow wow. This occurred in the spring and is still practiced today. Their is a stone circle with 30 windows just north of KRS as well as the Mandan reconstructed village at Ft. Lincoln. This makes me think the Mich. boat carving and bear were done by native Americans.
As fo sails on small boats. All of the small fishing boats used sails as well as oars. I have photos of wood carvings showing these small boats with 6 men in each and using the 4 small boats with sails to toe a dead whale back to the mother ship. These small boats also had stones in the bottom for ballast. Some of these small stones had triangle holes in them that were used for anchors or holding the mast for the sail. Steve Hilgren has one of these he found along the ancient water way. Some triangle holes were on opposite sides of small streams which likely held fish nets. You stated land marking was done by holes in stone in Europe. I have never observed a triangle hole used as a land marker, however their are many that have symbols carved in them, but only one symbol at a time not a cluster on the same stone or all around a small hill.
As for water travel to the KRS hill you need to understand the water level before all the rail beds and roads as well as the dams on the rivers before the late 1800's. Up until 1900 they used paddle boats to go from Fargo to Lake Winnipeg. From Lake Winnipeg they could go to the Hudson Bay. They could sail their small boats all the way 24 hrs per day and average 3 mph which was the main highway of the time. Only one small set of rapids at Hudson Bay.

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Only Me
11/1/2013 07:21:27 am

While I agree with Gunn that this discussion of the KRS here has gone on long enough, I would add just one thought to the carvings he's found.

Without provenance, there is no way to know when the carvings were made, or by whom. However, I will state again that it is possible Native Americans made them, not with iron chisels, but with copper ones. I repost an excerpt from David Johnson's comment under the "Great Lakes Copper Heist" episode review:

*No, there actually was another demand for copper other than in Europe in 2500 BC., it was in the Great Lakes region of North America, as well as in other parts of North america it was traded to. I have more almost 3000 copper artifacts in my collection found mostly in Wisconsin, Michigan, Minnesota and Ontario. How could they be there if there was no demand for them?*

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Gunn link
11/1/2013 03:22:52 pm

Copper would have to be alloyed with something else (tin) for it to be useful in carving stoneholes out of rocks. Copper is quite soft. An iron chisel would be in order. What is the purpose for these stoneholes I just found? I can think of a reason that has to do with staking a claim to land by medieval persons, but I can't think of a reason for Native Americans to have carved the holes. It makes sense and fits the pattern I've seen for carving up land. They obviously weren't for use in blasting. They were made by hand, taking considerable effort and time.

The mystery surrounding these stoneholes now seems to be growing, not shrinking. Maybe the oddly shaped stoneholes would help prove ownership, or making a particular pattern would help prove ownership, later on. I feel there are many more medieval Scandinavian "evidences" to be found in this region, once people are more aware of the past attempts at claiming land. Yesterday at the Runestone Museum, I saw a video segment that showed a bone fragment that was found in Mandan territory, with runes on it. It looks like the medieval Scandinavian attempts at land-grabbing resulted in failure, except for the budding of the Mandans.

william smith
11/1/2013 05:04:25 am

Gunn - Paul has made a better case on the KRS than others even though I believe it is authentic, which is contrary to his theory. The two items that add the most strength to the authenticity of the KRS are the mechanical wear line and the small holes in the KRS.
Other authors have claimed a code or dotted R theory that links the KRS to an ancient hidden number system explaining Easter. I feel this type of data is very misleading when you look at the facts. The dotted R theory will only work if you explain away the dots that are off center or non applicable to your theory, just as the triangle stone holes clustered near the KRS. I say this because all of the small holes in the KRS are located above the mechanical wear line and they exist on the back as well as the front. Dick Nielson supports the lack of use in the dotted R to make a secrete message. Dick has shown that the holes in the KRS are very inconsistent and do not support the uniformity from a chisel. These small holes are called porosity, and are formed by exposure to the natural elements. This explains why they are not on the bottom of the stone whch was under the ground. For these two facts on the KRS I disagree with Paul's theory, however I do like his book because he backs up his findings. If he can remove the mechanical wear line and the porosity holes in the upper portion of the KRS, he has my backing.

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Gunn link
11/1/2013 05:46:19 am

William, I went to the Runestone Museum yesterday and took a lot of new photos of the runestone; the bottom line is that the date shows very clearly 1362, with no indication of any other way to interpret it. Also, to my eye and camera, there is no perceptible wear line. However, there is a clearly distinguishable line made by the engraver, a chipping away, that more or less indicates to which point the stone would be buried a third of the way deep, upright. I've taken a lot of photos of this, too, and I'll plan on putting up another page on my website to show these two issues. I'm doing this to help you, not to promote an argument (or course).

This morning, I uploaded photos I took on 10/30/13, of new stoneholes I have discovered, along a lonely ridge near where the MN River begins. I don't want to give a more exact location, because several of the rocks are easily portable. I plan to go back tomorrow and do some more careful photographing, with colored plastic flags. There are small holes and large holes...the largest I have found so far.

The so-called Viking Altar Rock near Sauk Lake brakes the traditional mold of what to expect when looking for stoneholes. For example, most of the dozens or hundreds are about the same size of a quarter, and chiseled straight down, while this very large stone near Sauk Lake has two quite large holes carved horizontally, perhaps to be used for a type of construction using lateral poles, such as for a shelter. (See the page on my website.)

As you will see pretty soon, these new ones break the mold, too. They are all made with a smaller chisel, though a very long one for some. The large ones are made with a small chisel, giving the general appearance of being pentagonal in shape rather than triangular. A pole put into one of these holes and twisted a bit would be very secure, I would suppose.

All of the stoneholes I found along the ridge were within 20 or so paces, as a grouping along the ridge. I will show many in about an hour from now, after I set up the page. A few of the more unique ones I will save to show later.

I'm sorry we don't agree on some things, but that's okay. I guess we have slightly different ways of using what we perceive as logic in addressing all these issues. But I'm always happy to meet folks were believe in the KRS's authenticity...unless they are extremely faulty in their logic. Such as thinking it was possible for the stoneholes around the Upper Mid-west to have been used for mooring ships! Okay, hopefully that is mostly behind everyone, at least those under eighty.

I'll plan on this being my last post under this general subject, and wait for our good host to bring the subject up again. Let's keep our fingers crossed!

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Jason Colavito link
11/1/2013 11:27:23 pm

Is there any chance I could convince those still interested in this discussion to take it to my discussion forums in the Forum section?

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Gunn Sinclair link
11/3/2013 03:27:55 am

I doubt it. It's nice that you set it up, but I see it as a sort of pigeon-holing...and I have nothing against pigeons! This thread had already run its course and I am prepared to wait patiently for you to bring up the KRS again, here. I'm confident it'll pop up again before long. A noose around your neck as heavy as the KRS (202 lbs.) is noticeable, and can't be ignored long. And the stoneholes keep coming back full circle; they resist straight-lines to forums, too. The KRS, and stoneholes, prefer to be noticed, if only occasionally at the good host's choosing.

History is not meant to be buried, either in a museum, or within the recesses of this blog. It needs fresh new details spilling into public view, stroking our curiosity. That is what this blog is capable of doing, and at times it does it well, depending on the subject the host picks for the day.

I'm satisfied to wait for that day, and it is of Jason's choosing. I would like to see a day dedicated to the subject of stoneholes, since they are the glue holding history together up here, concerning medieval Scandinavian exploration and land-grabbing attempts. Stoneholes should not be pigeon-holed away any more than the KRS.

By the way, yesterday I catalogued my recent stoneholes discovery by going back again (7 hours driving) to number and re-photograph the stoneholes, which seemed to keep popping up at me. The final count was 29 rocks having a total of 34 stoneholes. These are on a secluded ridge over-looing an important geographical point, where a river enters a lake.

These stoneholes were laboriously made by hand, with a chisel. One was under a few inches of built-up soil/moss. These are obviously extremely old, and were not made for blasting. Some shapes are unique to stoneholes in this area, and a few are quite artistic--and impossible to make with modern equipment. I would like to see a mica-degradation study take place.

The amount of time it must have taken to carve all these stoneholes is mind-boggling. This site will end up blowing some minds, as I believe it will end up being proved to be from around the time of the KRS...pre-Columbus medieval days. This site is not far from the Whetstone River area, which contains so many stoneholes and carvings...it is east, though, back in MN.

I plan to update my website with many wonderful photos in the next few days. It's all free, as my only reward is being able to share with others some of what excites me in my aging days. Yes, I'm am an old soldier fading away, and stoneholes are more entertaining than aliens, any day! Why? Because they're real, not a façade.

Gunn
11/3/2013 04:09:30 am

I was just thinking, maybe the large stoneholes were used for construction, like to place vertical posts with carved circular "nubs" into the holes. The posts could then rest on rock, which wouldn't decay the posts, or settle. Many of these stonehole rocks were carved in rocks level with the ground, and the spacing suggests this possibility of construction of a building Much of the ground top soil and moss has cloaked the spot over. Hundreds of years ago, the spot probably showed the rocks better, in pattern formation. Right now it's difficult to ascertain a pattern, probably because even more stoneholes are covered over with time. Perhaps the spot can be professionally looked at to see if a building may have once stood there...on stonehole rocks. (Recall that the so-called Viking Altar Rock was probably used for construction--though perhaps not for an altar, but as a shelter.)

william smith
11/2/2013 03:28:15 am

Jason - Are you saying Paul,s Book or the KRS? I like your site and your work. It makes it hard to share factual data without the ability to post photos.

Reply
Jason Colavito link
11/2/2013 04:05:51 am

The KRS in general. I have a forum in the Forums section for discussing the KRS. You can post photos there provided you have them hosted on a picture site like Post Image, etc.

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