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Odds and Ends: Congo Dinosaur and Hitler-Mobile Edition

12/23/2013

14 Comments

 
This week I’m going to be taking it a little easier since it is Christmas week, and I have other priorities besides writing about the latest crackpot ideas. My blog posts will probably be a bit on the short side this week. However, I do have a couple of thoughts to share today.

The Dinosaur of the Congo
 First, some of you might remember my discussion a long time ago of Liévin-Bonaventure Proyart’s brief mention of a monstrous creature that later cryptozoologists have identified as Mokèlé-mbèmbé, the alleged “dinosaur” of the Congo. In 1776 Proyart reported that some passing missionaries had seen a large footprint sometime in the 1760s:

The Missionaries have observed, passing along a forest, the trail of an animal they have not seen but which must be monstrous: the marks of his claws were noted upon the earth, and these composed a footprint of about three feet in circumference. By observing the disposition of his footsteps, it was recognized that he was not running in his passage, and he carried his legs at the distance of seven to eight feet apart. (my trans.)

In my discussion, I suggested that either a rhinoceros or a hippopotamus would fit the description since both had historic ranges covering part of the area the missionaries visited. Anyway, the British Museum’s recent photo dump of one million uncategorized public domain illustrations has this interesting number from a French book about the Congo. It shows exactly the type of “monster” that in all likelihood made Proyart’s footprint.

Picture
It really puts into perspective the elaborate “dinosaur” theories spun from the Frenchman’s few words when you see an actual animal like that in the same general location where the “monster” supposedly resided.

Hitler’s Car
The second thought isn’t really related to the first in any way, but it ties in to the way that half-understood history contributes to modern misunderstandings when ideology meets ignorance.

More than a decade ago, when I was in college, a friend of mine was assigned a dorm roommate who was both gay and Jewish. Let’s call him Jake. It’s not his real name, but I’m using the pseudonym to protect his identity. He was a very left wing liberal, and he was a political activist for gay rights, liberal causes, and Jewish causes.

When I was in school freshman weren’t allowed to have cars, but as soon as the school allowed him to have one, this fellow immediately decided to purchase a new automobile. In those years two of the most popular cars for young adults were the PT Cruiser (introduced in the fall of 2000 for the 2001 model year) and the VW Beetle. Both were small, compact cars that were relatively affordable.

After going to the Chrysler dealership, Jake got a really good price on a PT Cruiser, and his roommate and all of his friends assumed he was going to buy it. But when he drove up to campus the next day, he was riding in an apple green VW Beetle exactly like the one featured in Mandy Moore’s then-recent music video for “Candy.” I remember distinctly asking him why he chose the Beetle.  I kept a very thorough diary back then, so I know pretty much exactly what he said in return:

“The PT Cruiser looks too much like a Hitler-mobile. I’m a Jew, and I don’t want to drive around in a Hitler car.”

Jake was reacting emotionally to the perceived symbolism of the PT Cruiser’s 1930s Art Deco-inflected design, which he wrongly associated with the Nazis, particularly Hitler’s touring car, the Mercedes-Benz W31, to which it bears a slight formal resemblance. As a result, he considered it a religious and ideological duty to oppose Nazism by refusing to embrace what he perceived as a revival of Nazi aesthetics.

So naturally he bought an actual Hitler-mobile. Or, the closest thing to it.

I didn’t have the heart that day to tell him that Adolf Hitler commissioned the first Volkswagen Beetle, or that he envisioned it as the car of the Master Race.

Many believe Hilter developed a concept sketch for what would become the 1938 Kraft durch Freude-Wagen (“strength through joy car”), popularly called the people's car or Volkswagen, but of the many sketches attributed to Hitler, only one is believed authentic. Because it is undated, we don’t know whether he drew it before or after Ferdinand Prosche had developed a similar design for 1931’s Type 12. Nevertheless, Hitler gave the commission to make a car for the masses to Ferdinand Porsche in 1934, and the Nazis developed and endorsed the Volkswagen Beetle as the car of the future, an affordable transport for the ideal Aryan family. The car was not put into mass production before World War II, and all of the Beetles produced before the fall of Nazi Germany were given to prominent Nazi officials. Here are some pictures of Hitler enjoying a new Beetle.

Picture
Picture
You can draw your own conclusions about whether it’s important to know the origins of the products, ideas, and ideologies we adopt, or whether associations from the past should carry forward into the future. (Henry Ford, for example, hated Jews and believed that Jews were conspiring to control world finance and enslave Christian Americans, but that doesn’t make the Ford Mustang anti-Semitism on wheels. Ford later apologized for his anti-Semitism but then blamed Jewish bankers for causing World War II.)

But this is the takeaway: Jake eventually found out that the Nazis were behind the Volkswagen, and he simply rationalized it away. The same person who opposed the PT Cruiser because it looked too Nazi now was unconcerned about the Beetle’s origins, claiming that the modern Beetle was too far removed from the Nazi car to be tainted by association. In other words, his beliefs changed to fit the circumstances, but he didn’t think he had ever changed his principles. As far as he was concerned, he was absolutely consistent in opposing all things Nazi. The only thing that change was the definition of what was “Nazi.”

This strikes me as being close to the situation of fringe writers who tell us that it’s not important or relevant that so many fringe ideas originate in racist, colonialist, and imperialist literature while at the same time telling us that we must be suspicious of the hidden dogma and bias behind every academic pronouncement by mainstream scholars. This is the same kind of logic that had David Childress railing against the supposed bias of academics and mainstream scholars while claiming to be oblivious to the fact that in reusing James Churchward’s and others’ old ideas for his early books he had proposed an ancient world where a white master race had literally enslaved the black and brown peoples of the world. (Archaeologist Charles Orser discussed Childress and the race issue in Race and Practice in Archaeological Interpretation [2004].) It is the same logic that led Scott Wolter to rail against academics and historians for imposing a secret ideology while claiming that known ideologies were irrelevant and unimportant in his reuse of Victorian imperialist ideas and, literally, Nazi apologetics.

In short, such speculators all essentially claim, “My research is fair and honest while your research is riven with unexpressed ideology and bias.” Once you commit to an idea, you start to rationalize away any inconvenient facts and dismiss opponents as part of a conspiracy.

14 Comments
Clint Knapp
12/23/2013 12:08:59 am

I always wondered about the mystery dinosaur of the Congo. The small-town Baptist Church I grew up with was flabbergasted by my interest in dinosaurs and at one point provided a book (I really wish I could find this thing again) that passed it and many other legends off as proof of the young-Earth creationist model, and yet I didn't believe them back then anymore than now. While I was willing to believe at the time that such a far-flung locale MIGHT harbor such a prehistoric denizen, it never quite seemed right that a sustainable population could go so long unnoticed.

Unless it was just a really big hippo. I've been slowly churning through the British Library image dump, but you seem a few dozen pages ahead of me. Good find, and it really illustrates the size such an animal can reach and, possibly, the legends it can inspire.

The Volkswagen story made for a good chuckle. I wasn't aware of the history behind the ugliest little German car ever made any more than your college friend was. Like many it was just a hippie car to me, a curiosity of the previous generation. I wonder now what our free-love folks would have thought of the weird little car had its origins been widely known at the height of its popularity. Not to say, of course, that the information wasn't there- I'm sure it was- but it does seem to have been largely neglected information nonetheless.

Reply
The Other J.
12/26/2013 07:58:48 am

My grandparents had a classic VW Karmann Ghia, a bug, and a VW bus that ran for decades -- they took it to shows and won awards for it still running on original parts. And my grandma's mother is one of those lapsed Jewish Eastern European immigrants, and my grandpa fought in the Pacific.

Their cultural backgrounds didn't seem to get in the way of owning cars that ran for half a century.

Reply
PaulN. link
3/7/2014 09:09:14 pm

Yes, we knew about the Volkswagens background. Growing up in the sixties and seventies, it was no secret, we even had wall posters making fun of it. There was even a commercial (c.1970) using a stereotyped generic Gestapo figure using the "We were only following orders" routine for why the Volkswagen wasbuilt that way.
Besides, the Volkswagen Beetle is not the ugliest little German car. That dubious title goes to the infamous Trabant from East Germany. A car so bad it makes the V.W. Beetle look like a luxury car.

Reply
Gunn
12/23/2013 02:59:13 am

I don't think it is as you think, Jason, about "Once you commit to an idea, you start to rationalize away any inconvenient facts and dismiss opponents as part of a conspiracy." (Concerning Wolter.)

Speaking for myself, which may in some ways parallel Wolter's viewpoint in the instance of the KRS, it's not a matter of committing to an idea. The artifact isn't relegated to an idea. I look at the facts, then, and I look at some of the viewpoints of others as either not very well informed, or else just plain wrong...as in the case of the State of Maine museum not publicly displaying those few small runestones.

I don't, however, look at this as part of a conspiracy; I look at it more like a few individuals who took it upon themselves to call the improper shot. By the way, what is supposed to happen with that large runestone rock that disappeared for awhile...the one with the large hooked X on it? Some of these artifacts are displayed and some aren't. It looks like a conspiracy on the surface when one begins to actually butt heads with those in charge, when the same attitude from "academia" is repeated. So, maybe the perceived "conspiracy" in Wolter's mind has more to do with the collective stone-walling he's received over the years.

I know he has caught a lot of flak. I'm glad he brought to the public's attention in this era the repeated idea that the KRS is genuine. But then he went out to talk about it, because of his enthusiasm, and now he has a TV show. He took a lot of abuse along the way before he got to where he is now. There is no conspiracy; there is only the need for everybody to keep digging (legally, professionally), and to keep researching.


(“strength through joy car”) Pretty good story and picture. I was raised in part by my old grandfather, who was a young man during the Depression and consequently was very cheap. He did all the grocery shopping, even. So he bought beetles (puddle jumpers) during the early '60's, always a few years old to maximize the good deal. Then he went on long trout fishing expeditions in Michigan, close to old Hemingway country. Monster-sized Brown Trout in small rivers.

So, when I was in W. Germany in the very early '70's, I took advantage of buying overseas, tax free, a beautiful brand new 1973 Super Beetle. This one had the newest more powerful engine, and it was metallic blue. It lasted only three days before a young German student managed to total it while drunk. No injuries, but it was unsalvageable except for the engine, etc.

I got a check in the mail several months later, out of the Army, twenty years old and now dreaming of something better than a puddle jumper. So I settled on a very slightly used '69 Torino Cobra, which sported the 428 Cobra Jet engine. Shaker hood. Snakes for adornment. Cherry-apple red, black interior, 4-speed. I could get an excellent burn going in 2nd gear and hold it as long as I wanted to destroy my tires. Ford lied about the HP, which was closer to 400 HP than the listed 335. No wonder no one in the neighborhood could beat me! (A 442 Olds came close.) Sadly, I was a true menace on the highways back in those days.

Reply
Gunn
12/23/2013 08:08:15 am

It looks to me like the license plate number could be a date...like in a military style. I joined the Army 69128, which would be Jan. 28, 1969. Maybe that is a convertible model # III A, officially dated Aug. 3, 1942. From the "for what it's worth" department.

Reply
Byron DeLear
12/24/2013 04:09:28 am

"Once you commit to an idea, you start to rationalize away any inconvenient facts and dismiss opponents as part of a conspiracy."

People love to be right --- *love* --- and actually get a little doggy biscuit in the form of a chemical brain reward when confirming their beliefs by jumping through all sorts of intellectual hoops to reach that shangri-la.

The propensity for confirmation bias is very real, and people pursuing research and science are very prone to it -- especially ones not guarding against these tendencies or not trained in science or those unwilling to be governed by the rigors of peer review, etc.

I wrote about a similar topic in my recent book on American History, specifically the Prospect Hill flag raising of the first American flag, and the likely misreading of this event and device by the British.


"This complete misreading of the Prospect Hill event by the British is not so unusual and is actually supported by recent neurological research into the visual cortex. The brain’s perception of reality shows a very real propensity for people to basically see what they want to see, akin to hallucinating an oasis in the middle of the desert while dying of thirst. These studies show that what we perceive is heavily influenced by what we are searching for with test subjects quite literally morphing their perception of time and space to reach emotionally satisfying conclusions. (1)

(1) Emily Balcetis and David Dunning, See What You Want to See: Motivational Influences on Visual Perception, (Cornell University, 2006), "People’s motivational states—their wishes and preferences—influence their processing of visual stimuli. In 5 studies, participants shown an ambiguous figure (e.g., one that could be seen either as the letter B or the number 13) tended to report seeing the interpretation that assigned them to outcomes they favored. This finding was affirmed by unobtrusive and implicit measures of perception (e.g., eye tracking, lexical decision tasks) and by experimental procedures demonstrating that participants were aware only of the single (usually favored) interpretation they saw at the time they viewed the stimulus. These studies suggest that the impact of motivation on information processing extends down into preconscious processing of stimuli in the visual environment and thus guides what the visual system presents to conscious awareness." Motivated Visual Perception: Seeing What We Want to See, Wharton Marketing, University of Pennsylvania. “People assume that their visual experiences accurately reflect reality. Research in our lab questions this supposition. Instead, we argue that motivational forces color the perceptual representations that reach perceivers’ awareness. Data suggest that higher-order social motivations originally considered relevant to the domain of social thought—motives such as wishful thinking, cognitive dissonance, and desires—bias visual perception.”

And here is an excerpt from wiki on confirmation bias:

"A series of experiments in the 1960s suggested that people are biased toward confirming their existing beliefs. Later work re-interpreted these results as a tendency to test ideas in a one-sided way, focusing on one possibility and ignoring alternatives. In certain situations, this tendency can bias people's conclusions. Explanations for the observed biases include wishful thinking and the limited human capacity to process information. Another explanation is that people show confirmation bias because they are weighing up the costs of being wrong, rather than investigating in a neutral, scientific way.

Confirmation biases contribute to overconfidence in personal beliefs and can maintain or strengthen beliefs in the face of contrary evidence. Poor decisions due to these biases have been found in political and organizational contexts."

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confirmation_bias

Reply
J.A. Dickey
12/23/2013 05:18:01 am

Under POTUS Harry S. Truman, the Marshall Plan was funded so
that Western Europe could rebuild faster than the East. Retooling
is an added expense, and the Nazi "people's vehicle" was a design
that did not have too many gremlins or glitches. Like PAPERCLIP
this is something we have to peg inside the Cold War era in full.
HERBIE THE LOVE BUG in the 1960s plus the fact a "bug" was
inexpensive had this vehicle becoming totally counterculture as
the young of the era were oblivious to its origins. GoTo NOVA
W. Von Braun = the rationale for PAPERCLIP's very existence!!!

Reply
J.A. Dickey
12/23/2013 06:44:26 am

Herbie even has an IMDB biography!!!
http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1888329/

Reply
The Other J.
12/26/2013 08:07:20 am

That hippo thing is great. It sounds a lot like how the story of the unicorn was spread -- through a misunderstanding of what a rhinoceros was.

Reply
Felipe
12/26/2013 11:30:47 am

The moment I read Herodotus' comment that the hippopotamus was "like a horse" (hey, hippopotamus = river horse) I thought that the unicorn was just a rhinoceros. If you see a hippopotamus and you think it's a horse, why not?

Reply
The Other J.
12/26/2013 05:53:19 pm

It was waaay back in about 398 BCE when a Greek named Ctesius wrote some books about what he was finding in a Persian archive -- so already you're dealing with some issues of translation. According to Ctesius' translation, the Persian archive describes an animal from India that's a kind of wild ass but larger than a horse, fierce, and with one horn. The horn was thought to have healing properties, and people would use it for a drinking vessel (and people still think rhino horns are medicinal today).

As far as I know, that's where it all starts. The problems begin later with Greek translations of the Hebrew bible, and trouble translating a a specific word for large horned animal that they didn't recognize, "reem." Since they knew the thing wasn't a goat (which had two horns and was smaller), they went with "monoceros," which in Latin became "unicornus," or unicorn. But along with it came the magical horn properties. Turns out "reem" came from "rimu," which was an ox.

So for all we know (or really for all I know), early Greek biblical translators may have thought the Hebrew "reem" referred to a rhino, and used their word for that animal in place of the Hebrew "reem." And we end up with a clever Peter Beagle story.

(I'm getting most of that from geographer Chris Lavers' "A Natural History of Unicorns.")

Reply
Only Me
12/26/2013 06:36:26 pm

Haven't read the actual story by Peter Beagle, but I love the animated movie based on it. Especially since the soundtrack was written and performed by America.

The Other J.
12/26/2013 09:38:13 pm

One of my favorite parts of the film -- which is also in the book -- is when Captain Cully offers Schmendrick a taco. Beagle likes to throw that kind of thing into his stories.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=taAxfGoMEXg

Only Me
12/27/2013 03:59:04 am

I laughed at that, too. It reminds me of an in-game feature in the BioShock and BioShock 2 games. Your character can buy ammunition from a vending machine called the Ammo Bandito. In the original game, whether you bought something or not, as soon as you walk away, it says,"Muchas gracias, senor!".


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