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Pyramid Fact and Fantasy in the Al-Khitat

11/23/2012

3 Comments

 
I hope you’ve been enjoying the translation I’ve been making of the chapter of Al-Maqrizi’s Al-Khitat on the pyramids. I’m almost through, and I hope to have it done soon. It’s one of the largest collections of medieval myths and legends about the Egyptian pyramids ever made, and it’s certainly well worth the read. I know I’ve found it fascinating. I’m amazed that this material has apparently never been translated into English before, especially given how rich it is with anecdotes and colorful legendry. 

We’ve heard from Giorgio Tsoukalos and Erich von Däniken (multiple times) that the book presents information about alien assistance in building the pyramids, but after reading the massive blob of mutually-contradictory stories Al-Maqrizi collected, I can’t see any way of concluding anything else but that Al-Maqrizi was right when he said that nobody knew anything for certain and that all the stories he was collecting were all made up.

What strikes me is that the various authors Al-Maqrizi collects, being devout Muslims and sometimes Christians, say virtually nothing about the pagan gods, whom Tsoukalos and von Däniken claim are the aliens, and attribute to these gods squarely nothing. I haven’t yet found a writer who attributed the pyramids to anything other than the agency of a (human) king, whether that be Surid (Sourid or Saurid), Sheddad (or Shaddad) ben ’Ad, or Hermes (also called Edris or Idris). So, even taking the stories at face value and out of context, there just isn’t any non-human activity at work. The closest Al-Maqrizi’s sources get is when they suggest Surid built the pyramids in response to a dream or an astrological forecast—but again, no gods are involved. (I previously wrote of an earlier passage attributing the origins of science to demons, but this was only very tenuously connected to the Giza pyramids.)

I found most interesting the little bits of fact wedged in among the distortions and myths. Although the specific stories the writers tell are clearly wrong, in that they do not match any archaeological evidence, it is also clear that some are distortions of actual events that must have occurred one or two centuries earlier and had passed into myth. Take this one from Abu Abdallah Muhammed bin Abd ar-Rahim al Kaisi, speaking (incorrectly) of the Great Pyramid in the time of the Caliph Al-Ma’mun (ninth century CE):

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It is said that a man who entered [the pyramid] in Al-Ma’mun’s time discovered a small room therein where there was a statue of a man in stone green as dahang. This statue was brought to Al-Ma’mun. It had a lid that could be removed, and within they found the body of a man wearing a gold breastplate encrusted with all kinds of jewels. On his chest lay a sword of inestimable price, and near the head was a red ruby ​​the size of a hen’s egg which shone like a flame, which Al-Ma’mun took for himself. The statue within which this dead man was encased was put up near the door of the king’s palace in Cairo where I saw it in the year 511 (1138 CE).

This is obviously an accurate description of the opening of a royal (or at least noble) sarcophagus and the discovery of a richly-bedecked mummy within. Over time, the sarcophagus—wherever it was really found—became associated with the Great Pyramid because it stood in Al-Ma’mun’s palace and it was remembered that Al-Ma’mun forced his way into the Great Pyramid several centuries earlier.

Consider, too, this description, again supposedly (and wrongly) of the Great Pyramid, but quite clearly describing some alabaster sarcophaguses in a burial chamber not unlike that of King Tut, along with the Book of the Dead provided to the deceased:

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They entered the central chamber in which were three transparent and luminous stone beds and on these three beds lay three bodies covered with three robes. Near the head of each was a book in unknown characters. In the second room were arranged many shelves supporting stone baskets containing vases of gold wonderfully encrusted with jewels. In the third room also stood shelves and baskets of stone in which were deposited instruments of war and a large number of weapons. One of the swords was measured, and it was not less than seven spans. One breastplate measured eighteen spans.

The most impressive part of the whole mass of stories is just how much our modern conception of what a pyramid should be like derives from these Arab legends. In them we read of statues that move of their own accord and attack intruders, secret vaults and hidden doors with ingenious opening mechanisms, long winding corridors covered in hieroglyphics, and hostile ghosts and spirits waiting to attack the unwary visitor. The Hollywood version of Egypt comes directly from these stories, themselves wild distortions of a much more prosaic truth.

I still fail to see where the aliens figure into any of this, or how anyone with any integrity could read them as anything other than distorted legends abstracted from small grains of truth. On the plus side, now that this material is available in English, it will be that much harder for alternative writers to make unsupportable claims about what it says.

3 Comments
Clopper Almon
10/15/2013 05:50:27 pm

I found your blog when looking to see what is on the Internet about Maqrizi. I thought you might be interested to know that Karl Stowasser (1925 - 1997), Associate Professor of History at the University of Maryland was working on a translation of al-Khitat at the time of his death. A hard copy of the manuscript, running about 1000 (unnumbered) pages but incomplete, is in the Special Collections of Georgetown University Library and has been scanned. The last section translated is marked II.12 and begins "What people say about Alexandria". Presumably that means section 12 of Volume II, but whether that is volume 2 of a 2-volume or of a 3-volume or 4-volume edition I do not know. I do not read Arabic, and would be grateful if you could indicate what fraction of the total text is covered by the translation.

I was a colleague of Karl's in the Economics Department, and sat in on his lectures on Arabic history in what turned out to be his last semester of teaching, though he seemed healthy at the time. I learned about the manuscript because he was using WordPerfect on a dot-matrix printer and was having trouble making the h, t, d, s, and z with a dot below them as used in ALA-LC Romanization of Arabic. I wrote a macro for him to put the dot there. He was delighted with it, and the dots are all in place in the manuscript.

It seemed a pity to let the important work languish in a single copy, so I persuaded the Georgetown library to scan it, and I am undertaking to OCR it with the intent to put the PDF on Digital Gerogetown and DRUM, the Digital Repository of the University of Maryland. The OCR works pretty well on straight English text, but breaks down completely with every transliterated Arabic word using the various special characters, so the project is going to take a while. I also hope to publish it with CreateSpace.com, the print-on-demand publishing service connected with Amazon.

I thought you would be interested to know about this project.

Reply
Jason Colavito link
10/16/2013 01:42:21 pm

Thanks for sharing that interesting information about this project. "What People Say about Alexandria" is chapter 12 of the 83 chapters of Maqrizi's second volume (of 2 volumes). The translation therefore covers a bit more than 50% of the total work (all of vol. 1 and about 1/7 of vol. 2). I hope this helps.

Reply
Hanslune
7/17/2017 03:09:33 pm

Just got belatedly to this page and it valuable information. Thanks Jason!

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    • Collection: Ancient Alien Fraud >
      • Chariots of the Gods at 50
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      • Profiles in Ancient Astronautics >
        • Erich von Däniken
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      • Blunders in the Sky
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      • Faking Ancient Art in Uzbekistan
      • Intimations of Persecution
      • Zecharia Sitchin's World
      • Jesus' Alien Ancestors?
      • Extraterrestrial Evolution?
    • Collection: Skeptic Magazine >
      • America Before Review
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      • Interview: Scott Sigler
      • Golden Fleeced
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      • Discovery of America
      • Supernatural Television
      • Review of Civilization One
      • Who Lost the Middle Ages
      • Charioteer of the Gods
    • Collection: Ancient History >
      • Prehistoric Nuclear War
      • The China Syndrome
      • Atlantis, Mu, and the Maya
      • Easter Island Exposed
      • Who Built the Sphinx?
      • Who Built the Great Pyramid?
      • Archaeological Cover Up?
    • Collection: The Lovecraft Legacy >
      • Pauwels, Bergier, and Lovecraft
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    • Collection: UFOs >
      • Alien Abduction at the Outer Limits
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    • Scholomance: The Devil's School
    • Prehistory of Chupacabra
    • The Templars, the Holy Grail, & Henry Sinclair
    • Magicians of the Gods Review
    • The Curse of the Pharaohs
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    • Whitewashing American Prehistory
    • James Dean's Cursed Porsche
  • The Library
    • Ancient Mysteries >
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        • Mesopotamian Texts >
          • Atrahasis Epic
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        • Egyptian Texts >
          • The Shipwrecked Sailor
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        • Hermetica >
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          • Book of the 24 Philosophers
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        • Chinese Accounts of Rome
        • Ancient Chinese Automaton
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      • Medieval Texts >
        • Medieval Legends of Ancient Egypt >
          • Medieval Pyramid Lore
          • John Malalas on Ancient Egypt
          • Fragments of Abenephius
          • Akhbar al-zaman
          • Ibrahim ibn Wasif Shah
          • Murtada ibn al-‘Afif
          • Al-Maqrizi on the Pyramids
          • Al-Suyuti on the Pyramids
        • The Hunt for Noah's Ark
        • Isidore of Seville
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        • Book of Thousands
        • Voyage of Saint Brendan
        • Power of Art and of Nature
        • Travels of Sir John Mandeville
        • Yazidi Revelation and Black Book
        • Al-Biruni on the Great Flood
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        • The Kensington Runestone (Hoax)
        • Islamic Discovery of America
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      • Lost Civilizations >
        • Atlantis >
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          • W. Scott-Elliot >
            • The Story of Atlantis
            • The Lost Lemuria
          • The Lost Atlantis
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          • Termier on Atlantis
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          • Rebuttal to Termier
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          • Flinders Petrie on Atlantis
        • Lost Cities >
          • Miscellaneous Lost Cities
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          • Manuscript 512
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          • The Elephants of Paredon (Hoax)
        • OOPARTs
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        • Against Diffusionism
        • Tunnels Under Peru
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      • Religious Conspiracies >
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        • The Many Wives of Jesus
        • Templar Infiltration of Labor
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        • On the Person of Jesus Christ
      • Giants in the Earth >
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          • Fossils and the Supernatural
          • Fossils, Myth, and Pseudo-History
          • Man During the Stone Age
          • Fossil Bones and Giants
          • American Elephant Myths
          • The Mammoth and the Flood
          • Fossils and Myth
          • Fossil Origin of the Cyclops
          • Mastodon, Mammoth, and Man
        • Fragments on Giants
        • Manichaean Book of Giants
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        • Alfonso X's Hermetic History of Giants
        • Boccaccio and the Fossil 'Giant'
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        • Giants and the Sons of God
        • The Magnetism of Evil
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        • Smithsonian Giant Reports
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        • Jewish Encyclopedia on Giants
        • Index of Giants
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        • Lanier's A Book of Giants
      • Science and History >
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        • Old Mythology in New Apparel
        • Blavatsky on Dinosaurs
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        • Devil Worship in France
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        • The Holy Grail as Lucifer's Crown Jewel
        • The Mutinous Sea
        • The Rock Wall of Rockwall
        • Fabulous Zoology
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        • Mexican Mythology
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      • Extreme History >
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        • Historical Chronology of the Mexicans
        • Maspero on the Predynastic Sphinx
        • Vestiges of the Mayas
        • Ragnarok: The Age of Fire and Gravel
        • Origins of the Egyptian People
        • The Secret Doctrine >
          • Volume 1: Cosmogenesis
          • Volume 2: Anthropogenesis
        • Phoenicians in America
        • The Electric Ark
        • Traces of European Influence
        • Prince Henry Sinclair
        • Pyramid Prophecies
        • Templars of Ancient Mexico
        • Chronology and the "Riddle of the Sphinx"
        • The Faith of Ancient Egypt
        • Spirit of the Hour in Archaeology
        • Book of the Damned
        • Great Pyramid As Noah's Ark
        • Richard Shaver's Proofs
    • Alien Encounters >
      • US Government Ancient Astronaut Files >
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        • Inquiry into Shaver and Palmer
        • The Skyfort Document
        • Whirling Wheels
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        • Unidentified Flying Objects (Abstract)
        • "Flying Saucers"? They're a Myth
        • UFO Hypothesis Survival Questions
        • Air Force Academy UFO Textbook
        • The Condon Report on Ancient Astronauts
        • Atlantis Discovery Telegrams
        • Ancient Astronaut Society Telegram
        • Noah's Ark Cables
        • The Von Daniken Letter
        • CIA Psychic Probe of Ancient Mars
        • Scott Wolter Lawsuit
        • UFOs in Ancient China
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      • Ancient Extraterrestrials >
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        • The Stanzas of Dzyan (Hoax)
        • Aerolites and Religion
        • What Is Theosophy?
        • Plane of Ether
        • The Adepts from Venus
      • A Message from Mars
      • Saucer Mystery Solved?
      • Orville Wright on UFOs
      • Interdimensional Flying Saucers
      • Flying Saucers Are Real
      • Report on UFOs
    • The Supernatural >
      • The Devils of Loudun
      • Sublime and Beautiful
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      • Defining a Zombie
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      • Science and Fairy Stories
      • The Cursed Car
    • Classic Fiction >
      • Lucian's True History
      • Some Words with a Mummy
      • The Coming Race
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      • An Inhabitant of Carcosa
      • The Xipéhuz
      • Lot No. 249
      • The Novel of the Black Seal
      • The Island of Doctor Moreau
      • Pharaoh's Curse
      • Edison's Conquest of Mars
      • The Lost Continent
      • Count Magnus
      • The Mysterious Stranger
      • The Wendigo
      • Sredni Vashtar
      • The Lost World
      • The Red One
      • H. P. Lovecraft >
        • Dagon
        • The Call of Cthulhu
        • History of the Necronomicon
        • At the Mountains of Madness
        • Lovecraft's Library in 1932
      • The Skeptical Poltergeist
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      • The Second Satellite
      • Queen of the Black Coast
      • A Martian Odyssey
    • Classic Genre Movies
    • Miscellaneous Documents >
      • The Balloon-Hoax
      • A Problem in Greek Ethics
      • The Migration of Symbols
      • The Gospel of Intensity
      • De Profundis
      • The Life and Death of Crown Prince Rudolf
      • The Bathtub Hoax
      • Crown Prince Rudolf's Letters
      • Position of Viking Women
      • Employment of Homosexuals
      • James Dean's Scrapbook
      • James Dean's Love Letters
      • The Amazing James Dean Hoax!
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