A few weeks ago, when Curse of Oak Island introduced the modern “copies” of allegedly medieval maps owned by researcher Zena Halpern, many viewers questioned the fact that the map shown on screen seemed to show accurate lines of longitude long before a reliable method for accurately calculating longitude had been discovered. While the most parsimonious explanation is that the Halpern map is a modern fake, former television personality Scott F. Wolter has instead argued that the maps prove that the Knights Templar (whom he suspects of creating them) were able to accurately measure longitude, despite accidentally proving that he is himself unfamiliar with how longitude is measured and reported. In a blog post on Wednesday, Wolter said that he discovered supporting evidence after plotting the location where prominent New England fringe history sites sit and comparing their longitude. He alleges that these figures “prove” that the Templars intentionally placed the objects along the same line of longitude. Here is his chart:
Wolter went on to suggest that such measurements could not be a coincidence. There is no way this can be a coincidence and since seven of the ten listed have been associated with medieval Templar activity in the North America there are three things this list all but proves. First, the seven items that have been hypothesized to be related to medieval Templar's are clearly connected to each other and provides strong support they are indeed Templar artifacts. Second, since the accuracy of the longitudinal locations are so good, the only logical conclusion is the Templar's who created them must have been able to calculate longitude. Third, knowledge of this important meridian appears to have been known in the distant past (America's Stonehenge) and was passed on within the Cistercian/Templar orders into modern times. Do you see it anyway else? Well, yes, I see it in another way. Here are some other things that are a stone’s throw from that same line of longitude: Boston, Mass. at 71.04° W; Concord, NH at 71.32°; and Providence, R.I. at 71.25° W. Within a degree, you also find Montpelier, VT at 72.34° W, Hartford, Conn. At 72.4° W, and Martha’s Vineyard at 70.64° W. I think you start to see the problem. New England is very small. The whole of the area from the New York border to Cape Cod is barely three degrees of longitude across. (We will leave most of Maine out since it does not figure into the discussion.) Anything placed between Hartford and Boston is likely to fall within half a degree of the midpoint longitude line. Given, too, that New England was home to a generation of New Englanders who desperately tried to prove that the Vikings had colonized the area, the chances are pretty strong that when they went to fabricate their evidence and traveled into the interior of the region from one of the state capitals to do so, they would end up placing most of the two dozen or so “Viking” (later “Templar”) stones “discovered” there in the 1800s somewhere in the area between 71° W and 71.5° W. It’s pretty much where the open land was in those days, where you could fabricate stones in peace. I was a bit confused, though, about how Wolter generated his numbers, which don’t match standard maps. He claims that he got the data from Google Earth, but the values I got from the same source don’t agree. The Tower in Newport, R.I., for example is at 71.31° W, not 71.19°, while Narragansett, R.I. is at 71.45° W, not 71.19° W. (If you want to get technical, the rune stone was located for most of its life on Pojac Point, at 71.40° W.). Google gives me different numbers for virtually every site when I look up their coordinates manually. This took me a few minutes to figure out. I think I found the problem. Wolter confused minutes of longitude with decimal values. Take America’s Stonehenge. It is located at 71° 12′, but at 71.21° in decimal form. Wolter has wrongly given this as 71.12°. Similarly, the Westford Knight is located at 71° 26′, but at 71.43° decimal. So, if we correct the table based on the numbers Google reports for each site (or the closest standard location on the map), the distances don’t change, but the decimal shows greater variation since we are working with units of 100 rather than 60, which makes the differences clearer:
* Measurements approximate. ** Measurement based on location published by David Brody. The items marked with an asterisk were alleged to have been found in fields or other places from which they have been removed, and the original location of discovery is known only approximately. The items marked with a (~) were calculated from the closest town or geographical feature to the claimed site. Those without either marking are given from the exact coordinates reported by Google. With the corrected numbers, we see greater variation (0.23° vs 0.14°), and it starts to look a lot more like selection from a normal distribution of random locations in central and eastern New England (and Quebec). If we tie in other sites alleged by Wolter himself and other allied authors to be part of the Sinclair/Templar conspiracy, from Dighton Rock (71.08° W) (which Wolter rejects) to the Spirit Pond Rune Stone (69.8° W), and the Leif Erikson Rune Stone of Nomans Island (70.82° W), we have still more evidence that Wolter simply selected from the data set of New England fringe history sites—already close together due to New England geography—those that were closest together. When challenged to prove that these measurements were anything other than coincidence, Wolter reacted in typical fashion, accusing academics of a conspiracy to suppress the truth about heretic Templars farming Jesus-children by planting their Jesus Bloodline super-sperm among the hybrid Viking/Sinclair/Native American Freemasons in the wilds of North America. He added that Freemasons aren’t aware of their own super-special divine heritage because of the Catholic Church’s stranglehold on higher education! In fact, most modern Freemasons don’t truly understand what is at the core of the Craft. This lack of understanding combined with the negative ideological influence of the Church with its financial influence over so many academic institutions has created an environment that, along with conservative political forces, are dead set against this historical truth coming out.
83 Comments
DaveR
12/30/2016 10:06:53 am
The more I read about Wolter the more I become convinced he doesn't know much of anything.
Reply
Mikey
12/31/2016 09:33:52 am
If Wolter knew anything, he wouldn't be partners with that fraud Hutton Pulitzer.
Reply
B L
12/30/2016 11:01:01 am
Thanks Jason. The title of this blog entry is perfect. Imagine trying to prove a fringe theory by using well established and accepted mapping coordinates (promising) then not taking the time to understand the system of coordinates (hilarious)! This made me laugh.
Reply
Americanegro
12/30/2016 08:34:51 pm
"Imagine trying to prove a fringe theory by using [stuff] then not taking the time to understand the [stuff]!"
Reply
GEE
12/31/2016 03:51:37 pm
Bahaaaaa
Tom
12/30/2016 11:13:02 am
To be blunt, if it is possible that a few people in Medieval Europe were aware of the existence of America then to paraphrase a recent American saying concerning Australia, " nobody cared much". Mr Wolter and his fellow cranks can make up stories as much as they wish but at best, the very idea of another continent even if widely imagined lacked any real significanceuntil the age of Columbus and later explorers.
Reply
Shane Sullivan
12/30/2016 11:31:41 am
"Did Not Go Well"? I think you mean "Went Awesomely Hilariously".
Reply
Kal
12/30/2016 11:45:19 am
They might as well have been imaginary lay lines, he is so far off. I'm surprised he didn't somehow include Minnesota. Ha.
Reply
At Risk
12/30/2016 12:58:07 pm
KAL, actual ley-lines often began and ended on hills or knolls.
Reply
Weatherwax
12/31/2016 01:23:08 am
Sorry, but ley lines are fantasy. detectable only with dowsing rods. Which are also fantasy.
A Buddhist
12/31/2016 08:40:33 am
Actually, I read a book that was not fiction and it suggested that the Devil's Arrows ley line is the only valid complex of ley lines. But that book also suggested that the Gospel of Matthew's nativity was based upon real events that could be understood if one accepted that Jesus was 48 when he died. So from whatever perspective you looked at that book, you were sure to find something disagreeable.
Weatherwax
12/31/2016 01:35:07 pm
A Buddhist, before the 'Catholic' form of Christianisty took over and became orthodox, there where many sects with different teaching of when Jesus lived and died, and how he died. Precisely what you would expect from trying to shoehorn a mythical person into real history.
A Buddhist
12/31/2016 02:20:07 pm
Weatherwax: I am well aware of the many forms of Christianity that are vanished; I was once an Arian. I admit that I have difficulty accepting ley lines; if so m,any of them can be disproven, then why only are those at devil's arrows genuine? The authors of that book were trying to be fair to every side in their investigations, and so ended up offending almost all. The lunacy that they asserted about the Lydian origins of Atlantis... what absurdities they said in order to avoid accusing Plato of creating fiction.
Not the Comte de Saint Germain
12/31/2016 03:33:41 pm
The idea that Jesus originated as pure myth actually doesn't fit the evidence very well. (One of the major arguments against it, incidentally, is also an argument against the accuracy of the gospels.) I'm a great admirer of this blog post by a grumpy atheist historian, which shows why the idea that Jesus was a myth is implausible:
Weatherwax
12/31/2016 04:59:26 pm
TM really wasn't interested in any debate, simply saying "you're stupid", and I don't know if he even cared what he said or believed. That being said I think he was pushing some sort of Gnosticism with a spiritual Christ.
Weatherwax
12/31/2016 05:07:17 pm
A Buddhist "if so m,any of them can be disproven, then why only are those at devil's arrows genuine?"
DPBROKAW
12/31/2016 05:10:59 pm
AT RISK
Not the Comte de Saint Germain
12/31/2016 05:15:21 pm
I don't really care what Jesus was like, either, but I do find the process of his deification interesting. I know I shouldn't keep harping on this when it's off-topic, but mythicism really bugs me.
Weatherwax
12/31/2016 06:58:09 pm
DPBROKAW, At Risk is Dunn.
At Risk
12/31/2016 09:00:15 pm
Folks, here are the profound answers you're looking for, revealing so much about what would happen to Jesus before the Son of Man was born. Notice, please, that the many powerfully fulfilled prophecies came from Jewish sources.
Weatherwax
12/31/2016 09:45:25 pm
Not the Comte de Saint Germain; "Price at least takes account of the fact that the Jesus stories and the first members of the Jesus sect are completely and fundamentally Jewish, so fantasies about Egyptian myths or Greek Middle Platonic philosophy are not going to work as points of origin for them. According to this version of Jesus Mythicism, Jesus was an idealisation of what the Messiah was to be like who got turned into a historical figure largely by mistake and misunderstanding"
Weatherwax
12/31/2016 09:54:32 pm
...Jesus as we know him is a fusion of both Jewish and gentile beliefs...
Clint Knapp
12/31/2016 11:53:45 pm
Happy New Year, Bob.
Not the Comte de Saint Germain
1/1/2017 12:14:02 am
I won't press the argument any further, Weatherwax, but I really do recommend (to everybody) reading O'Neill's blog post in full. Whatever influences created the Christian conception of Jesus, several lines of evidence show that he was a real person, most notably the passage in Josephus regarding the execution of his brother, and that the recollections of his life story were twisted to fit the preexisting messianic prophecies.
Relax, folks. The alias is meant to be somewhat humorous to the idea that someone considered as "fringe" here would somehow be a risk. I know, a silly idea, huh?
Weatherwax
1/1/2017 06:28:01 pm
There's not an issue with using an alias. Like I am. It becomes an issue when you change your ID, but keep posting the same ideas, ostensibly as a different person. Especially if you're completely ignoring the responses when you posted the same ideas previously.
Weatherwax
1/1/2017 09:20:14 pm
Not the Comte de Saint Germain , agreed this isn't the place, and we're starting to annoy people, but I feel I must point out that the passage that mentions James the brother of Jesus is also considered questionable by religious authorities.
D
1/1/2017 09:44:12 pm
At Risk,
Americanegro
1/2/2017 02:10:49 pm
"D
D
1/2/2017 02:32:13 pm
Americanegro,
Weatherwax
1/3/2017 11:59:10 pm
To be fair to D, "This is a website for, among other things, people who want facts and original sources cited against people who make, promote, and profit from grandiose historical and archaeological claims with no evidence." is a pretty good definition of being a skeptic.
Americanegro
12/30/2016 08:48:09 pm
From the comments section on Wolter's site: Wolter replies "Upton Chamber is a good one and your line-up of these three pre-Templar sites suggests there likely are other alignments going on. One comment I heard recently is the longitudinal meridians could also correspond to ancient lines of differential magnetism called "Ley Lines." The Ley Lines are also oriented in horizontal directions..."
Reply
At Risk
12/31/2016 02:19:14 pm
AMERICANEGRO, thanks for the reference. This is what I'm talking about.
Weatherwax
1/1/2017 09:55:02 pm
I'm sorry At Risk but you're still reaching to make the KRS genuine when it's probably not. There's no sign of the exhibition that carved it, which would've taken some time, and no sign of the bodies of the slain comrades.
Uncle Ron
12/30/2016 12:42:49 pm
First, what would be the point of locating a group of sites on a particular north-south line? Wouldn't it make more sense to simply build the structures where they were needed? Second, the distance across one tenth degree of longitude, at that latitude, appears to be about four miles. I'm sure there were methods available even then to locate places along a longitudinal arc (e.g. using the sun) more accurately than four miles east or west, without understanding longitude as a mapping concept.
Reply
Shane Sullivan
12/30/2016 01:11:03 pm
I was thinking that too. Building things in a very rough, not-quite-straight line doesn't seem like it would be that difficult, and if you have to calculate longitude to do it, it only proves you suck at calculating longitude *and* at building in straight lines.
Reply
V
1/1/2017 12:39:08 pm
I can think of a point for why to build sites in specific locations regardless of where they were "needed"--religion/spiritual beliefs that a site is "holy" played very much into the placement of temples, shrines, and churches across the world and across cultures. But in the absence of some cultural marker of why they would need to be placed in a given line (like the beliefs of the ancient Egyptians that stated that one side of the Nile was the realm of the living and the other the realm of the dead), this falls completely apart. Neither the "Vikings" nor the medieval Christians had anything at all in their belief systems that indicated that a north-south alignment of buildings to one another was remotely important. Alignments WITHIN a building, sure--there were some pretty specific rules about building churches in the medieval period (we studied them in my art history classes). But as long as you could align your church's nave, altar, transept, etc. all lined up with east/west the way they were supposed to, you could put the BUILDING anywhere you wanted and it wouldn't matter. (Specifically, if anyone's curious, the central aisle of the nave was to run from west to east, with the doors in the west and the altar in the east, with the transept running north-south and dividing the nave from the sanctuary.)
Reply
Only Me
12/30/2016 02:12:10 pm
"In fact, most modern Freemasons don’t truly understand what is at the core of the Craft."
Reply
Jim
12/30/2016 03:03:58 pm
From Wolters blog here
Reply
B L
12/30/2016 03:54:05 pm
It's funny that he can find all of the Templar sites and artifacts here in America that pre-date Columbus. He strikes me as the kind of guy who can't find his own ass with two hands and a flashlight.
Reply
Clete
12/30/2016 06:40:53 pm
He could find his ass, but only if it were marked with a hooked x.
Reply
GEE
12/31/2016 03:58:01 pm
Hahaaa very funny
Pablo
12/30/2016 04:44:22 pm
Well I think this is evidence that the Templars (old and modern) don't know how to use google earth! ;)
Reply
Juan
12/30/2016 06:04:12 pm
A tangential question: Could Nolan be considered the 7th man to die on Oak Island? Saw no mention of that in any of the post-mortem episodes.
Reply
12/31/2016 11:10:44 am
The seven must die legend was concocted for the television show. The old legend was that when the last oak tree died, then the treasure would be found. But that wasn't sexy enough for television, so they made up a new one.
Reply
Juan
1/1/2017 07:57:45 am
I am aware of that. But was playing by the rules of the show, which stated a 7th man must die. Didn't specify how... gassed to death or old age. Just found it interesting that the show didn't exploit Nolan's death to assert the treasure will be found this season.
Joe Scales
1/1/2017 09:42:23 pm
Considering the Oak Island Treasure Act would have required the public reporting of any notable artifacts found over the filming last Summer, you can rest assured that no treasure was found. So it would have been a waste to exploit Nolan's death, even though he was no longer actively pursuing the hunt. As the entire notion of treasure on Oak Island lacks historical and factual basis, and geology long ago explained claimed island anomalies, quite simply put... there is no treasure to be found there. Period.
Kal
12/30/2016 06:05:59 pm
I meant those kind of spiritual lines from those fringe stories about ghosts and haunted buildings, which are fictional, because people want to see patterns where there aren't any.
Reply
Fawkes
12/30/2016 10:28:48 pm
You hit the nail on the head with the ley line comment. I am glad we worked the KRS into the discussion though. It really helped clarify things.
Reply
Americanegro
12/30/2016 08:26:28 pm
Jason, I think you've hit on the ideal template (which of course comes from "Templar"):
Reply
nomuse
12/31/2016 04:28:57 am
Aww. I was looking forward to Wolter's specific, detailed description of the method the Templars were using to find longitude. I wonder if there's any relationship to the magic Oak Island Sword and it's ability to calculate magnetic declination all by itself?
Reply
Jim
12/31/2016 06:45:55 am
It's indeed disappointing they couldn't get a catholic Monk to inscribe the method using Viking runes, even if it would have been encoded with Masonic numerology.
Reply
GEE
12/31/2016 04:02:23 pm
Sounds like Wolter received his information from another source and didn't actually put any research into it and presented it as his own work...
Reply
Jim
12/31/2016 10:33:11 pm
Has anyone noticed this gem ?
Reply
Mike Morgan
1/1/2017 06:39:04 am
Yes. I saw it as a shared post in the "The Kensington Rune Stone International Supporters Club" Facebook group that I monitor for kicks and giggles.
Reply
sunshine
1/1/2017 08:54:38 am
Mike, some time ago on this blog site, Jason was talking about Wolter in which Jason brought up the name Diana Muir...there might be some of your answers.
Weatherwax
1/1/2017 01:00:25 pm
"As far as the Newport Tower is concerned; amateur archaeologists dug under the sidewalk for the first time when it was replaced in 2008, and found remnants of two wooden beams, 16 feet off center from two of the stone columns. It was a salvage dig..."
Americanegro
12/31/2016 11:43:33 pm
I hope everyone has that Jesus (and Buddhist, just stop it!) nonsense out of their systems and we can stick to talking about what a tool Scott Wolter is.
Reply
A Buddhist
1/1/2017 06:55:14 pm
Gunn started the whole nonsense, with screeds saying, e.g., that the U.S.'s legalization of abortion was allowing demons to control it. That is nonsense, and I reply with my faith, which also opposes abortion.
Reply
At Risk
1/2/2017 12:22:11 pm
If I may speak for Gunn, It's pretty simple: God created human life and then He told humans not to kill other humans, as part of His legal system. So, when human babies are purposely aborted, according to God this is murder. God is the final judge of all things, as He is the Creator of all things, including human life.
Weatherwax
1/2/2017 12:57:08 pm
"God is the final judge of all things"
Harry Woods
1/1/2017 08:42:07 am
"Wolter confused minutes of longitude with decimal values."
Reply
V
1/1/2017 12:45:15 pm
How...how did JASON not understand the difference, when JASON is the one who converted the values from proper minutes to proper decimals? You don't just stick a dot in there and it's right, you know! That is using very much the improper notation, just like writing a minute and a half as 1.3 is incorrect notation. The CORRECT notation would be either 1.5 or 1:30--one as decimal, the other as base-sixty. Using improper notation indicates IGNORANCE, sir, and SCOTT WOLTER was the one to do it!
Reply
MJW
1/1/2017 06:26:28 pm
The original Watkins conception of leys has been discredited by the new age crap, the central idea isn't actually wacky. It's an indictment of the closed mindedness of many mainstream archeologists that they throw the proverbial baby out with the bath water when it comes to leys. The argument goes that you can find all kinds of alignments or patterns simply by drawing straight lines between randomly selected features or places on maps, but the argument misses the key point; just because many alignments are genuinely random doesn't mean they all are, some alignments are random, but some are perfectly rational and deliberate, which is why we have some roads that have basically followed the same straight line for hundreds or even thousands of years.
Reply
D
1/1/2017 08:43:48 pm
Or humans, much like energy, always find the path of least resistance.
Reply
Americanegro
1/2/2017 02:06:22 pm
"AT RISK
Reply
Jim
1/2/2017 03:57:59 pm
And back to Wolter,
Reply
Americanegro
1/3/2017 01:56:14 am
You raise very good questions. Did the Templars who lollygagged after the slaughter of 10 or so of their party lollygag about while the runestone was carved? Gotta claim that land, right? If I were a non-Templar non-Cistercian and found that "land claim" which is not a land claim, but let's say I thought it was, I'd drag it to the river and throw it in the water, then carve my own land claim. This whole "land claim" stuff really sounds like nonsense. Did anyone actually do stuff like that?
Reply
Weatherwax
1/3/2017 03:08:20 am
I don't have anything to site, but I have heard from archaeologists that stone marker land claims were sometimes used, but they tend to be very short, direct "This is Olafs' land" sort of things.
I don't see anything about the KRS that suggests its a land claim. I do see plenty of evidence that it is what it claims to be: a memorial to ten men who were killed a day's journey north of Runestone Park; on the west bank of Davidson Lake, where the Erdahl Axe was found in 1894 buried a foot and a half deep below a tree stump two feet across. Old Mrs. Davidson signed an affidavit attesting to the details, as an original landowner.
Nick Danger
1/3/2017 02:53:50 pm
Since a reliable, non-fantasy method of computing longitude did not occur until the 1770s, Wolter's stories are just silly.
Reply
David
1/3/2017 10:52:48 pm
Thank you so much for this blog post, Jason. This is the funniest thing I've read about Wolter since his M.Sc. in Geology.
Reply
Americanegro
1/3/2017 11:01:14 pm
"Nobody here should be disappointed in the notion of attempted European land claims here in America...for we see that the French did the same thing, for instance, burying lead plates at Sault Ste. Marie, MI, and even in South Dakota, where one was found by children playing."
Reply
Fawkes
1/3/2017 11:38:56 pm
As far as I know there is not much evidence that land claims were used by the Norse on either side of the pond, can anyone correct me on that?
Reply
AMERICANEGRO, you sound a bit frustrated, as evidenced by your caps. I wish I could satisfy you about land claims, but a bit of researching will reveal to you that land claims, and buried land claims, were in vogue here in America in the past. Land claims here in America were and are real. The French land claims were real. This is not nonsense. I noticed that you were particularly astute on a few other issues here, actually in my favor, so now I'm somewhat disappointed that you don't see something historically accurate: past, buried land claims here in America.
Jim
1/4/2017 03:17:08 pm
Gunn, what are the odds that a beep on a metal detector indicates a bottle cap ?
At Risk
1/4/2017 10:01:12 pm
Hi Jim, I appreciate your interest. Metal detectors are really neat. The thing about the code-stone site is that when it was created, hypothetically back around the times of the Crusades, no one gave a thought that something buried might be detected by such mysterious means.
Jim
1/4/2017 11:13:32 pm
Sorry Gunn, A beep on a metal detector does in no way indicate a Norse land claim. Someone may have tossed a worn out chisel down a gopher hole. The odds of that are way better than anything Norse.
Sadly, I must give up on you, Jim, as you don't seem to be getting it. You haven't bothered to indicate whether you've even seen what the Norse Code-stone is all about. I've even hypothetically removed the concept of medieval Norse stoneholes from the scene for you, yet you still can't seem to get it with these several rocks as I have very adequately shown and described them...I mean, with photos, no less!
Jim
1/5/2017 02:09:36 pm
Gunn, Is it just possible that this crew of surveyors left a broken off piece of iron tent peg in the ground ?
Americanegro
1/6/2017 12:13:54 am
"I will explain this for you for clarity: If a land claim stone or lead marker is out in the open, a later expedition representing other nationalities can easily remove the evidence, or proof, of prior claiming. I think this may have occurred with the French removing Norse evidences, such as with the supposed Verendrye rune stone. This probable Norse runestone was removed from ND by the French, and of course it disappeared. The historical fact of this perplexing item having been found is well documented. So, AMERICANEGRO, we see there is a historical precedence and also logical reasons for burying land claims."
DMR
1/4/2017 02:33:53 pm
One would assume Wolter is in favour of suppressing higher education, given that anyone with better qualifications than "dropped out of school" and "thinks opinion = fact" is apparently part of a vast conspiracy to discredit him and, worse, hurt his poor widdle feelwings.
Reply
Kim R Smith
4/27/2019 03:09:42 am
I found a stone, a rock, a slab several years ago. I had planted a yellow pear tomato plant and for five years the plant dropped seeds and I always had a huge pear tomato in the same place. When the tomato wasn't prolific anymore I raked up the dead plant and there was a slab with etchings on it. It looked like it had been thrown because on the underside there were skid marks where it had slid across green weeds or whatever...something green. I asked everyone I knew if they had given me a rock they had carved on. The answer was always " no." I don't know where it came from. I planted a tomato exactly where I found the slab of stone. I would have noticed the stone when I planted the tomato; had it been there then, I would have picked it up. The stone wasn't there. It almost looks like cement, but it's not. It looks like two different rocks together and it's somewhat glittery. I hope this makes sense to someone. I tried to contact Scott Wolter and there was no reply from him. I'm curious as to what it is and how it got there.
Reply
Your comment will be posted after it is approved.
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorI am an author and researcher focusing on pop culture, science, and history. Bylines: New Republic, Esquire, Slate, etc. There's more about me in the About Jason tab. Newsletters
Enter your email below to subscribe to my newsletter for updates on my latest projects, blog posts, and activities, and subscribe to Culture & Curiosities, my Substack newsletter.
Categories
All
Terms & ConditionsPlease read all applicable terms and conditions before posting a comment on this blog. Posting a comment constitutes your agreement to abide by the terms and conditions linked herein.
Archives
November 2024
|