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Smithsonian Channel Claims Babylonian Tablet Preserves "Exactly What the Tower of Babel Looked Like"

5/10/2017

6 Comments

 
​Sometime in the last couple of weeks the Smithsonian Channel launched the fourth season of its Secrets TV series, and the season premiere focused on the Tower of Babel. Over the past few days both Christian groups and fringe archaeology types have embraced a clip of the program in which a Babylonian tablet is discussed because they believe that the tablet “proves” that the Biblical story is literally true. I was intrigued enough by the tablet to try to find out why the tinfoil hat brigade would think that the tablet demonstrates the reality of a Biblical legend.
​The clip shows Jeff Allen of the World Monuments Fund telling viewers that he always thought that the Biblical account was merely a legend, but he shows us the ruins of the Etemenanki, a massive temple dedicated to the supreme god, Marduk. However, the narrator vastly overstates the case in alleging that “ancient records” link the Etemenanki with the Tower of Babel, but by doing so, the narrator is able to elide the two and claim that a Babylonian tablet shows “exactly what the Tower of Babel looked like.”
 
Andrew George of SOAS University of London says that the tablet provides “very strong evidence” that the Tower of Babel story “was inspired by this real building.” George published the first scholarly account of the tablet in 2011.
 
The tablet in question is in the private Schøyen Collection, and it depicts Nebuchadnezzar II restoring and enlarging the Etemenanki, with a depiction of the temple and its seven steps, matching literary descriptions of its appearance. The tablet is here described as “new” evidence, but it made headlines back in 2011, when it was first brought to public attention. The image is not terribly detailed, and it doesn’t really add much to the known ancient descriptions of the tower, which include Herodotus’ account in Histories 1.181. The only real difference is that Herodotus counted eight steps, while modern scholars believe it had seven.
 
It is not clear how the tablet contributes any additional evidence to the suggestion that the Tower of Babel story was inspired by the Etemnanki beyond what had already been known prior to the tablet’s rediscovery. For example, Etemananki had been suggested as candidate for the Tower of Babel for decades before the tablet was popularized. For example, Stephen L. Harris made the case for the identification back in 2002, and Robert Koldewey said the same thing in 1912’s Excavations at Babylon (pp. 183ff., translated into English in 1914). George connects the tablet to the Biblical account by noting that its description of the temple says that Nebuchadnezzar “mobilized” many peoples from diverse lands to construct it, similar to how the Jews alleged that the Tower gave rise to the many tongues of the Earth. George’s translation of the relevant lines is as follows:
I mobilized [all] countries everywhere, [each and] every ruler [who] had been raised to prominence over all the people of the world [as one] loved by Marduk, from the upper sea [to the] lower [sea,] the [distant nations, the teeming people of] the [world, kings of remote mountains and far-flung islands in the midst of the] upper and lower [seas,] whose lead-ropes [my] lord Marduk placed in [my] hand so [that they should] draw [his] chariot (lit. pull his chariot-pole), and I imposed corvée-duty on the workforces of the gods Šamaš and [Marduk] in order to build E-temen-[anki] and E-ur-me-imin-anki.
​And just for kicks: George himself, in his 2011 article, states that the text of the tablet is virtually identical to that of a cylinder seal first published in 1912. George begins his translation of the parallel lines this way: 
So I mobilized the teeming people whom my lord Marduk had entrusted to me and whose pastoral care the sun god had handed over to me, all countries everywhere, each and every population from the upper sea to the lower sea, the distant nations, teeming people of the world, kings of remote mountains and far-flung islands in the midst of the upper sea and lower (sea), whose lead-rope my lord Marduk placed in my hand so that they should draw his chariot (lit. pull his chariot-pole)…
​The narrator, however, misrepresents the tablet’s text as a major new discovery and says that the text on the tablet is “identical to the Biblical story of how the Tower of Babel was constructed.” That account is given in Genesis 11:1-4. See if you can spot the differences:
1. Now the whole world had one language and a common speech. As people moved eastward, they found a plain in Shinar and settled there.
2. They said to each other, “Come, let’s make bricks and bake them thoroughly.” They used brick instead of stone, and tar for mortar.  
3. They used brick instead of stone, and tar for mortar.
​4. Then they said, “Come, let us build ourselves a city, with a tower that reaches to the heavens, so that we may make a name for ourselves; otherwise we will be scattered over the face of the whole earth.”
​Here are a few: In the Biblical account, there was only one people in the world, of one tongue, while on the tablet many peoples from across the known world worked on the project. In the Biblical account, all the people spoke one language, while there is no mention of language on the table. In the Biblical account, the people came to the idea of building a tower on their own, but on the tablet Nebuchadnezzar brings them together and orders them to do it. In the Biblical account, the city and tower are built together, while it is quite obvious that Babylon existed when Nebuchadnezzar restored the temple. In other words, the tablet is closer to Jewish and Islamic legends about the Tower and its construction by the wicked Nimrod than to the actual text of Genesis. 
 
“For scholars, the tablet offers further proof that the Tower of Babel wasn’t just a work of fiction,” the narrator says.
 
An inscription from Borsippa by Nebuchadnezzar describing the restoration of that city’s similar seven-story ziggurat to Nabu has been in print since the 1860s, and it is nearly identical to the abbreviated text on the tablet under consideration here. In the 1800s, this ziggurat was thought to be the Tower of Babel because of the similarity between Nebuchadnezzar’s description of the restoration of an incomplete ziggurat and the Genesis claim that the people stopped work when God confounded their tongues. The similarity of the inscriptions, however, suggests a certain conventional formula to Nebuchadnezzar’s boasts, and also offers some evidence that the Tower of Babel story might have had more than one inspiration.
 
The Etemenanki, a mud-brick building, fell into disrepair and was destroyed by Alexander the Great in preparation for a rebuilding that never happened due to the Macedonian king’s death. The ruins of the tower were stamped into the ground by elephants on orders of a Seleucid prince who tripped over them a few decades later.
 
The idea that Etemenanki inspired the Tower of Babel is a reasonable one, but the Smithsonian Channel grossly overstated the connection between the tablet and the Tower, and the newness of the information contained in that tablet vis-à-vis the Tower of the Babel.
6 Comments
Only Me
5/10/2017 11:46:35 am

First National Geographic, now the Smithsonian Channel. Are they trying to compete with the fringe by using fringe methods to justify overreaching claims?

Reply
BigNick
5/10/2017 12:23:08 pm

So it inspired the Tower of Babel the same way Fargo is based on a true story.

Reply
Kal
5/10/2017 08:18:54 pm

I thought some of those fringe folks didn't like the Smithsonian and there was a conspiracy of hiding evidence? Seems here they want to spread evidence, even if it's wrong.

Reply
Americanegro
5/10/2017 10:17:51 pm

Reminds me of something The Gift That Keeps on Giving wrote recently:

"First, my disdain is only directed at SOME academics in certain disciplines who exhibit no-scientific, or in a few cases, fraudulent behavior in their handling of certain subject matter. As yet, I’ve only had issues with one PhD geologist, but then he doesn’t work in the field, hasn’t published anything on relevant subject matter, and has a personal grudge against me so he doesn’t count. All other geologists appreciate and respect the scientific work that I’ve done."

"All other [fill in the blank]" = Harrumph.

Reply
Clete
5/12/2017 01:01:17 pm

The Tower of Babble is in Washington. It is where the Senate and House meet.

Reply
Christine Erikson link
5/15/2017 10:33:38 pm

nonsense. This is just another ziggurat Nebuchadnezzar was wayyyy later than the Tower of Babel.

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    • Collection: Ancient Alien Fraud >
      • Chariots of the Gods at 50
      • Secret History of Ancient Astronauts
      • Of Atlantis and Aliens
      • Aliens and Ancient Texts
      • Profiles in Ancient Astronautics >
        • Erich von Däniken
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      • Blunders in the Sky
      • The Case of the False Quotes
      • Alternative Authors' Quote Fraud
      • David Childress & the Aliens
      • Faking Ancient Art in Uzbekistan
      • Intimations of Persecution
      • Zecharia Sitchin's World
      • Jesus' Alien Ancestors?
      • Extraterrestrial Evolution?
    • Collection: Skeptic Magazine >
      • America Before Review
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      • Interview: Scott Sigler
      • Golden Fleeced
      • Oh the Horror
      • Discovery of America
      • Supernatural Television
      • Review of Civilization One
      • Who Lost the Middle Ages
      • Charioteer of the Gods
    • Collection: Ancient History >
      • Prehistoric Nuclear War
      • The China Syndrome
      • Atlantis, Mu, and the Maya
      • Easter Island Exposed
      • Who Built the Sphinx?
      • Who Built the Great Pyramid?
      • Archaeological Cover Up?
    • Collection: The Lovecraft Legacy >
      • Pauwels, Bergier, and Lovecraft
      • Lovecraft in Bergier
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    • Collection: UFOs >
      • Alien Abduction at the Outer Limits
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      • Rebels, Queers, and Aliens
    • Scholomance: The Devil's School
    • Prehistory of Chupacabra
    • The Templars, the Holy Grail, & Henry Sinclair
    • Magicians of the Gods Review
    • The Curse of the Pharaohs
    • The Antediluvian Pyramid Myth
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    • James Dean's Cursed Porsche
  • The Library
    • Ancient Mysteries >
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        • Mesopotamian Texts >
          • Atrahasis Epic
          • Epic of Gilgamesh
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          • Babylonian Creation Myth
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        • Egyptian Texts >
          • The Shipwrecked Sailor
          • Dream Stela of Thutmose IV
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          • Classical Accounts of the Pyramids
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          • Manetho
          • Eratosthenes' King List
          • The Story of Setna
          • Leon of Pella
          • Diodorus on Egyptian History
          • On Isis and Osiris
          • Famine Stela
          • Old Egyptian Chronicle
          • The Book of Sothis
          • Horapollo
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        • Teshub and the Dragon
        • Hermetica >
          • The Three Hermeses
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          • The Secret of Creation
          • Ancient Alphabets Explained
          • Prologue to Ibn Umayl's Silvery Water
          • Book of the 24 Philosophers
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        • Hesiod's Theogony
        • Periplus of Hanno
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        • Sanchuniathon
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        • Syncellus's Enoch Fragments
        • The Book of Enoch
        • Slavonic Enoch
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        • Tacitus' Germania
        • De Dea Syria
        • Aelian's Various Histories
        • Julius Africanus' Chronography
        • Eusebius' Chronicle
        • Chinese Accounts of Rome
        • Ancient Chinese Automaton
        • The Orphic Argonautica
        • Fragments of Panodorus
        • Annianus on the Watchers
        • The Watchers and Antediluvian Wisdom
      • Medieval Texts >
        • Medieval Legends of Ancient Egypt >
          • Medieval Pyramid Lore
          • John Malalas on Ancient Egypt
          • Fragments of Abenephius
          • Akhbar al-zaman
          • Ibrahim ibn Wasif Shah
          • Murtada ibn al-‘Afif
          • Al-Maqrizi on the Pyramids
          • Al-Suyuti on the Pyramids
        • The Hunt for Noah's Ark
        • Isidore of Seville
        • Book of Liang: Fusang
        • Agobard on Magonia
        • Book of Thousands
        • Voyage of Saint Brendan
        • Power of Art and of Nature
        • Travels of Sir John Mandeville
        • Yazidi Revelation and Black Book
        • Al-Biruni on the Great Flood
        • Voyage of the Zeno Brothers
        • The Kensington Runestone (Hoax)
        • Islamic Discovery of America
        • The Aztec Creation Myth
      • Lost Civilizations >
        • Atlantis >
          • Plato's Atlantis Dialogues >
            • Timaeus
            • Critias
          • Fragments on Atlantis
          • Panchaea: The Other Atlantis
          • Eumalos on Atlantis (Hoax)
          • Gómara on Atlantis
          • Sardinia and Atlantis
          • Santorini and Atlantis
          • The Mound Builders and Atlantis
          • Donnelly's Atlantis
          • Atlantis in Morocco
          • Atlantis and the Sea Peoples
          • W. Scott-Elliot >
            • The Story of Atlantis
            • The Lost Lemuria
          • The Lost Atlantis
          • Atlantis in Africa
          • How I Found Atlantis (Hoax)
          • Termier on Atlantis
          • The Critias and Minoan Crete
          • Rebuttal to Termier
          • Further Responses to Termier
          • Flinders Petrie on Atlantis
        • Lost Cities >
          • Miscellaneous Lost Cities
          • The Seven Cities
          • The Lost City of Paititi
          • Manuscript 512
          • The Idolatrous City of Iximaya (Hoax)
          • The 1885 Moberly Lost City Hoax
          • The Elephants of Paredon (Hoax)
        • OOPARTs
        • Oronteus Finaeus Antarctica Map
        • Caucasians in Panama
        • Jefferson's Excavation
        • Fictitious Discoveries in America
        • Against Diffusionism
        • Tunnels Under Peru
        • The Parahyba Inscription (Hoax)
        • Mound Builders
        • Gunung Padang
        • Tales of Enchanted Islands
        • The 1907 Ancient World Map Hoax
        • The 1909 Grand Canyon Hoax
        • The Interglacial Period
        • Solving Oak Island
      • Religious Conspiracies >
        • Pantera, Father of Jesus?
        • Toledot Yeshu
        • Peter of les Vaux-de-Cernay on Cathars
        • Testimony of Jean de Châlons
        • Rosslyn Chapel and the 'Prentice's Pillar
        • The Many Wives of Jesus
        • Templar Infiltration of Labor
        • Louis Martin & the Holy Bloodline
        • The Life of St. Issa (Hoax)
        • On the Person of Jesus Christ
      • Giants in the Earth >
        • Fossil Origins of Myths >
          • Fossil Teeth and Bones of Elephants
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          • Fossils and the Supernatural
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          • Man During the Stone Age
          • Fossil Bones and Giants
          • American Elephant Myths
          • The Mammoth and the Flood
          • Fossils and Myth
          • Fossil Origin of the Cyclops
          • Mastodon, Mammoth, and Man
        • Fragments on Giants
        • Manichaean Book of Giants
        • Geoffrey on British Giants
        • Alfonso X's Hermetic History of Giants
        • Boccaccio and the Fossil 'Giant'
        • Book of Howth
        • Purchas His Pilgrimage
        • Edmond Temple's 1827 Giant Investigation
        • The Giants of Sardinia
        • Giants and the Sons of God
        • The Magnetism of Evil
        • Tertiary Giants
        • Smithsonian Giant Reports
        • Early American Giants
        • The Giant of Coahuila
        • Jewish Encyclopedia on Giants
        • Index of Giants
        • Newspaper Accounts of Giants
        • Lanier's A Book of Giants
      • Science and History >
        • Halley on Noah's Comet
        • The Newport Tower
        • Iron: The Stone from Heaven
        • Ararat and the Ark
        • Pyramid Facts and Fancies
        • Argonauts before Homer
        • The Deluge
        • Crown Prince Rudolf on the Pyramids
        • Old Mythology in New Apparel
        • Blavatsky on Dinosaurs
        • Teddy Roosevelt on Bigfoot
        • Devil Worship in France
        • Maspero's Review of Akhbar al-zaman
        • The Holy Grail as Lucifer's Crown Jewel
        • The Mutinous Sea
        • The Rock Wall of Rockwall
        • Fabulous Zoology
        • The Origins of Talos
        • Mexican Mythology
        • Chinese Pyramids
        • Maqrizi's Names of the Pharaohs
      • Extreme History >
        • Roman Empire Hoax
        • American Antiquities
        • American Cataclysms
        • England, the Remnant of Judah
        • Historical Chronology of the Mexicans
        • Maspero on the Predynastic Sphinx
        • Vestiges of the Mayas
        • Ragnarok: The Age of Fire and Gravel
        • Origins of the Egyptian People
        • The Secret Doctrine >
          • Volume 1: Cosmogenesis
          • Volume 2: Anthropogenesis
        • Phoenicians in America
        • The Electric Ark
        • Traces of European Influence
        • Prince Henry Sinclair
        • Pyramid Prophecies
        • Templars of Ancient Mexico
        • Chronology and the "Riddle of the Sphinx"
        • The Faith of Ancient Egypt
        • Spirit of the Hour in Archaeology
        • Book of the Damned
        • Great Pyramid As Noah's Ark
        • Richard Shaver's Proofs
    • Alien Encounters >
      • US Government Ancient Astronaut Files >
        • Fortean Society and Columbus
        • Inquiry into Shaver and Palmer
        • The Skyfort Document
        • Whirling Wheels
        • Denver Ancient Astronaut Lecture
        • Soviet Search for Lemuria
        • Visitors from Outer Space
        • Unidentified Flying Objects (Abstract)
        • "Flying Saucers"? They're a Myth
        • UFO Hypothesis Survival Questions
        • Air Force Academy UFO Textbook
        • The Condon Report on Ancient Astronauts
        • Atlantis Discovery Telegrams
        • Ancient Astronaut Society Telegram
        • Noah's Ark Cables
        • The Von Daniken Letter
        • CIA Psychic Probe of Ancient Mars
        • Scott Wolter Lawsuit
        • UFOs in Ancient China
        • CIA Report on Noah's Ark
        • CIA Noah's Ark Memos
        • Congressional Ancient Aliens Testimony
        • Ancient Astronaut and Nibiru Email
        • Congressional Ancient Mars Hearing
        • House UFO Hearing
      • Ancient Extraterrestrials >
        • Premodern UFO Sightings
        • The Moon Hoax
        • Inhabitants of Other Planets
        • Blavatsky on Ancient Astronauts
        • The Stanzas of Dzyan (Hoax)
        • Aerolites and Religion
        • What Is Theosophy?
        • Plane of Ether
        • The Adepts from Venus
      • A Message from Mars
      • Saucer Mystery Solved?
      • Orville Wright on UFOs
      • Interdimensional Flying Saucers
      • Flying Saucers Are Real
      • Report on UFOs
    • The Supernatural >
      • The Devils of Loudun
      • Sublime and Beautiful
      • Voltaire on Vampires
      • Demonology and Witchcraft
      • Thaumaturgia
      • Bulgarian Vampires
      • Religion and Evolution
      • Transylvanian Superstitions
      • Defining a Zombie
      • Dread of the Supernatural
      • Vampires
      • Werewolves and Vampires and Ghouls
      • Science and Fairy Stories
      • The Cursed Car
    • Classic Fiction >
      • Lucian's True History
      • Some Words with a Mummy
      • The Coming Race
      • King Solomon's Mines
      • An Inhabitant of Carcosa
      • The Xipéhuz
      • Lot No. 249
      • The Novel of the Black Seal
      • The Island of Doctor Moreau
      • Pharaoh's Curse
      • Edison's Conquest of Mars
      • The Lost Continent
      • Count Magnus
      • The Mysterious Stranger
      • The Wendigo
      • Sredni Vashtar
      • The Lost World
      • The Red One
      • H. P. Lovecraft >
        • Dagon
        • The Call of Cthulhu
        • History of the Necronomicon
        • At the Mountains of Madness
        • Lovecraft's Library in 1932
      • The Skeptical Poltergeist
      • The Corpse on the Grating
      • The Second Satellite
      • Queen of the Black Coast
      • A Martian Odyssey
    • Classic Genre Movies
    • Miscellaneous Documents >
      • The Balloon-Hoax
      • A Problem in Greek Ethics
      • The Migration of Symbols
      • The Gospel of Intensity
      • De Profundis
      • The Life and Death of Crown Prince Rudolf
      • The Bathtub Hoax
      • Crown Prince Rudolf's Letters
      • Position of Viking Women
      • Employment of Homosexuals
      • James Dean's Scrapbook
      • James Dean's Love Letters
      • The Amazing James Dean Hoax!
    • Free Classic Pseudohistory eBooks
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