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Templars, Black Madonnas, and Global Cult Conspiracies

10/14/2013

15 Comments

 
The premiere for American Templars, the movie based on the claim that Henry Sinclair reached America in 1398, occurred under the auspices of the Westford Historical Society the other day, and Newport Tower Museum curator Jim Egan was there, dressed like John Dee, to “raise awareness” of his belief that Gov. Benedict Arnold’s windmill was built not by Templar knights under Sinclair leadership but rather by John Dee. You really must click this link to see him in costume.

David S. Brody, the novelist whose book forms the basis for the movie, asked Egan to appear in the film, which he agreed to do on the condition that he be allowed to expound on his John Dee theory. That part got cut, and he was “a little miffed” that “my very brief appearance now implied I was lending support to the Templar theory.” And here I thought only alternative history documentaries pulled a bait-and-switch to manipulate peoples’ views.

Egan concludes that any publicity is good publicity, however, and showed up to the premiere in costume to make sure everyone knows about his ideas.

Well, that’s about right: One alternative historian using another alternative history event to promote mutually exclusive ideas. (The Newport Tower cannot be both the key to understanding Templars in America and an Elizabethan observatory.)

And now the pivot point: The Newport Tower plays a key role in Scott Wolter’s new book, and he connected it to a worldwide cult venerating the sacred female. Among the icons of this cult were Mary Magdalene and the goddess Isis, whose connection remains hidden beneath layers of conspiracy.

Since alternative historians are all about making connections between otherwise unrelated topics, I thought it might be interesting to share a case where there is an actual hidden connection between ideas—and one that, like Scott Wolter’s Mary Magdalene conspiracy—also involves a “hidden” layer to images of the Virgin Mary. (Wolter suggests some images of the Virgin are really coded references to the Magdalene.)

In Southern Italy, at Capaccio Vecchio, near Paestum, there is an interesting festival held in honor of Santa Maria del Granato (St. Mary of the Pomegranate), also called the Madonna del Granato, in which each year small decorated toy ships are carried up to a statue of Mary holding a pomegranate, even though the town is not on the sea and the people do not engage in seafaring. The original medieval cathedral of Mary of the Pomegranate, dating back to the early Middle Ages, was destroyed in the thirteenth century and the bishopric removed elsewhere, but today there is still a church on the site dedicated to Mary of the Pomegranate.

Picture
Sanctuary of the Madonna del Granato (Liberotag73 / Wikimedia Commons)
Archaeologists excavating at Paestum and its rural dependency, Foce del Sele, have found images of Hera holding a pomegranate (taken over from the pomegranate images of Hera at Argos, which was connected to Paestum), and it is surely no coincidence that Capaccio Vecchio is the hillside town where the last inhabitants of Paestum decamped in 877 to escape the malaria in the swampy region. At least one scholar, Helmut Kyrieles, has connected the odd rite of taking model boats to Mary to evidence discovered at another Archaic temple of Hera, at Samos, where similar model boats were also found. The conclusion is that the modern festival of the Lady of the Pomegranate took over and transported an ancient Greek festival of Hera, for whom the pomegranate was a sacred fruit, symbolic of fertility and resurrection, and associated in the most distant past with Hera’s pre-Olympian role as an earth goddess, according to Joan V. O’Brien.

Oddly enough, while the pomegranate continued in folk belief and in the out-of-the-way places far from the mainstream of Greek life, in more central locations, the pomegranate declines in importance or disappears after 600 BCE, when the new theology of the supremacy of Zeus (as promulgated by Hesiod in the Theogony) is firmly established. In the new theology, Hera is subordinate to Zeus and no longer a patron of fertility. And yet there is a continuity of belief on the fringes of the Greek world, as in the former Greek colony at Paestum, where this prehistoric image continues down to the present day.

I find that so much more interesting than imaginary Mary Magdalene cults.

This is of course but one of countless examples: In the late 1800s, you could find Orthodox peasants on Naxos conducting rites for a folk saint called “Zia” at an old sanctuary of Zeus, St. Dionysios replacing Dionysus on Naxos, St. Artemidos for Artemis on Keos, and Charon venerated everywhere in Greece as the ferryman of the dead, as of old. And on it goes.

I chose the example of Hera and the pomegranate because it is both more colorful and more closely related to the iconography of Mary and/or the Magdalene which so fascinates alternative writers. Here we have an instance that the suggestion of a hidden global cult cannot quite explain, for a pagan survival occurs, but not fully and not “masked.” No one goes to the site of the Lady of the Pomegranate to worship Hera in secret; the attributes carried over to the Virgin because someone at some time thought that pomegranate and ship rituals carried some powerful magic and thus added the iconography to the local Virgin.

I wonder if the carryover of Greek iconography doesn’t help explain the phenomenon of the Black Madonna that so fascinates alternative writers, including Scott Wolter, who see these brown or black paintings and statues of the Virgin as secret symbols of a global Isis cult masquerading as Christians. (Again, if that’s the case, then the pomegranate Virgin must prove a secret Hera cult, which nobody believes.) While most Black Madonnas are simply conventional images that have aged badly and darkened with soot and with grime and with time, even some mainstream scholars suspect that pagan imagery lay behind those among the Black Madonnas intentionally painted that color. But how could they represent Greco-Roman earth goddesses at six or seven centuries’ remove from paganism without continuity of imagery between Rome and the High Middle Ages, and with many images in lands never controlled by Rome?

It’s interesting that the Black Madonnas first show up in Europe after the start of the Crusades and thus after an influx of ideas from the Greek east. There, old accounts tell us that the Byzantines had for centuries reused old pagan images as Orthodox icons, renaming the old gods for saints and other figures. The custom continued down to modern times: James Theodore Bent reported in 1885 that at the village of Plaka in the Cyclades, a blackened icon of some kind was found among some rushes, and a church was built upon the spot, with the image receiving the name the Virgin of the Rushes. We know, too, that some images of Greek goddesses were black, representing the fertility of the earth. Pausanias tells us of Demeter Melaine (Demeter the Black), whose cult statue stood at Mt. Elaius (8.42.1), though this was a horse-headed statue in black clothes. Roman images of Diana were sometimes black in color, and Pausanias tells us of an image of Artemis, her Greek equivalent, carved of black stone (10.36.5). A similar statue exists in a Neapolitan museum.

In short, if the Crusaders saw recycled Greco-Roman art and imitated it on occasion when back home, this could account for why “pagan” imagery occurs in medieval churches without any need to appeal to a secret cult of Isis worshipers maintaining a secret font of goddess knowledge under the cover of Marian veneration.

If it could happen with the Lady of the Pomegranate, why not the Black Virgins of “Isis”?
15 Comments
charlie
10/14/2013 08:58:55 am

Jason,
Very interesting article. Thank you for this and all that you do.

Reply
The Other J.
10/14/2013 09:42:47 am

I was going to get into some obscure examples of old Celtic folk traditions that worked their way into Irish Catholicism, but there's a much better example of that sort of thing -- Christmas. Like with the Black Madonnas, just because the trappings of an older tradition persists under newer dispensations doesn't mean a secret cult is conspiring to fool the unsuspecting public to fulfil their rites.

Every Christmas, people bring evergreens into their homes and decorate them with (sometimes with old amanita muscaria ornaments -- and old tradition, apparently once pagan); they party, they exchange gifts, and generally partake in a bunch of older activities that were imported into Christianity from other traditions.

So when Christians drink egg nog and eat oyster stew and swap festive gifts in front of the yule log, are they actually celebrating Woden as Jólnir out on the Great Hunt? Or are they nominally just having a good time in the dead of winter around the concept of the birth of the Christ?

If Black Madonnas are evidence of Egyptian Isis worship persisting into the Middle Ages, then yule logs are evidence of Woden worship today. But if not the latter, then not the former.

Reply
Varika
10/14/2013 11:29:28 am

I have to say, Brody did a piss-poor job of dressing like John Dee. It's way more "generic Internet store Elizabethan." It's not terribly done Elizabethan, but for instance his sleeve-cuffs gape in ways they shouldn't, and he was wearing tight hose instead of trunk-hose, and he said that his DOUBLET was his KNICKERS,

Not to mention, John Dee was very well known for wearing black. Just about every depiction of him has him in black, black, and more black--with a touch of white at the neck from his lace ruff, which Brody also wasn't wearing. So he should have been in a BLACK doublet, not a green one, and a BLACK shirt under it. Alternately, he should have been wearing scholarly robes--also black--in which John Dee is painted showing off for Queen Elizabeth.

Sorry, historical costuming--particularly Elizabethan--is rather a passionate hobby for me and I've made several period costumes of my own as well as owning some FANTASTIC resources about the history thereof.

With that rant out of the way, I have to say that the Hera and pomegranate thing intrigues me and I would like to know more. Have you some resources I might look at on it? The connection between Hera and pomegranates, I mean, not the later Medieval connection. When I think of pomegranates and Grecoroman myth, I always think of Persephone, you see, and haven't heard of its connection to Hera.

Reply
Jason Colavito link
10/14/2013 01:39:43 pm

Oddly, there isn't as much written about Hera and the pomegranate as you'd think. Joan V. O'Brien has a section about it in her book "The Transformation of Hera" (1993), which is the main scholarly discussion I know of. Otherwise, most scholarly references I've found simply state that Hera shared pomegranate symbolism with Persephone but don't do much in explaining why except in the generalized sense that it was a fertility symbol. The New Age feminist "transpersonal psychologist" Marguerite Rigoglioso writes about it as well, but as you can tell from the descriptors before her name, her work has its own issues.

Reply
Clint Knapp
10/14/2013 05:37:54 pm

Like a sucker, I clicked the link to the Newport Tower Museum page too. I expected exactly what you describe; the John Dee depicted in every portrait I've ever seen of the man, maybe with a hokey little crystal ball for effect... Instead; Ren-faire bard.

I don't know what the official position of the museum is on the tower, but I'm really hoping it's not that John Dee built it... Unless he had a lot of grain he needed milled on an American estate no one ever mentioned. Dee was a fascinating character of his time, and DID advocate North American colonization, but to my knowledge never set foot on its soil.

I'm sure Jason's mentioned it in a previous article, but Dee himself was a major proponent of the Madoc story of America's discovery to promote England's claim as stronger than Spain's... This would be the same Madoc from which the Welsh Indian farce arises. So now we have a museum curator of a colonial windmill dressing as a Ren-faire bard and citing a diffusionist mystic from the sixteenth century as the architect of a tower on a continent he never saw with his own eyes... I weep for Newport.

Reply
Shane Sullivan
10/14/2013 06:20:03 pm

Maybe angels built the tower for him.

Heck, maybe they confirmed the Madoc story for him!

Jason Colavito link
10/14/2013 11:27:51 pm

Just to clarify: The Newport Tower Museum is grandly named but not official. It's Jim Egan's own private showroom for his John Dee theory; it's not actually associated with the Newport Tower.

Byron DeLear
10/14/2013 05:58:37 pm

you seem to be emiting a "warrior-type protective energy" over the entire subject (sorry, was watching AA just now....)

Reply
Gunn link
10/15/2013 04:41:22 am

John Dee is an interesting fellow. I did a quick Wikipedia check and was surprised to find a magician!

"Dee immersed himself in the worlds of magic, astrology and Hermetic philosophy. He devoted much time and effort in the last thirty years or so of his life to attempting to commune with angels in order to learn the universal language of creation and bring about the pre-apocalyptic unity of mankind."

What is this "Pre-apocalyptic unity of mankind?" At first, I thought he was talking about the Millennium, but that comes after the apocalyptic action, so I guess he was referring to 1969.

"Dee promoted the sciences of navigation and cartography. He studied closely with Gerardus Mercator, and he owned an important collection of maps, globes and astronomical instruments."

I guess it's great that Dee had this knowledge, but how does it fit, more precisely, into the building of the Newport Tower? Why should this hypothesis be better than, say, the Portuguese hypothesis?

It does appear to me that the tower was purposely built to mimic a revered structure on the Temple Mount. I'm speaking mostly of the octagonal shape. I contend, in simple terms, that the tower is much too sophisticated to be the base of a windmill. Folks cannot accept that it is a pre-colonial structure, much as some of the same folks can't accept the genuineness of the KRS.

Taken together, these two icons of Americana are overwhelming to the skeptics...yet, they may very well be related. By this, I mean important people in medieval times probably knew about the existence of both items in question.

Reply
Gunn
10/15/2013 04:47:19 am

Well, too, the KRS mentions Vinland, just north of the Newport Tower, and supposedly, the Newport Tower points to the KRS.

(This should make Jason tug at his hair.)

Only Me
10/15/2013 08:05:41 am

"Folks cannot accept that it is a pre-colonial structure, much as some of the same folks can't accept the genuineness of the KRS."

Just as many, if not more, also can't accept the tower is a colonial structure, and the KRS is a hoax.

I'm not trying to start a fight, but this blog has been overrun with debate from both sides, on both subjects, multiple times. I believe this is the reason Jason created a KRS-specific area in the forum. If you want to continue the discussion there, I'm game.

Gunn
10/16/2013 04:25:04 am

I got caught up reading about the "Four Blood Moons" and I came upon this interesting bit about Columbus:

http://www.pray4zion.org/TheComingBloodMoons.html

Four TOTAL lunar eclipses occurred on the Jewish Passover and the Feast of Trumpets Holidays in 1493 – 1494. Only months after King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain ordered all Jewish people to leave the country (after about 200 AD, Spain became and remained a second Jewish homeland for well over a millennia. So deeply woven into the fabric of Spain are the Jews that neither history can be fully studied without considering the influence of the other).

“In the same month in which their Majesties (Ferdinand and Isabella)] issued the edict that all Jews should be driven out of the kingdom and its territories, in the same month they gave me the order to undertake with sufficient men my expedition of discovery to the Indies.” So begins Christopher Columbus’s diary.

The expulsion that Columbus refers to was so cataclysmic an event that ever since; the date 1492 has been almost as important in Jewish history as in American history. On July 30 of that year, the entire Jewish community, some 200,000 people, were expelled from Spain. Tens of thousands of refugees died while trying to reach safety. In some instances, Spanish ship captains charged Jewish passengers exorbitant sums, then dumped them overboard in the middle of the ocean. In the last days before the expulsion, rumours spread throughout Spain that the fleeing refugees had swallowed gold and diamonds, and many Jews were knifed to death by brigands hoping to find treasures in their stomachs.

1492 was the same year that the Jews were expelled from Spain and Christopher Columbus ‘amazingly’…. discovered America which is home today for more than 5 million Jews outside Israel. Like Mordecai said to Esther – “help will come in another way!” And America was blessed by God. More important we believe that America’s purpose was to protect Israel and offer a safe haven for the Jewish people.

Reply
drones and quadcopters for sale link
1/11/2017 06:03:36 am

I want to share that posts… so cool and original .

Reply
Not Yet
1/26/2025 12:39:29 am

There's an interesting connection to a significant portion of early works of Cartography. The "Black Mary" makes numerous appearances. I have developed some ideas but nothing I'd discuss in public as of yet.

Some of my old research was just recently published, two and a half years after the initial submission request. Still considered, "Fringe" by some American archaeologists and the gatekeepers at Wikipedia. I'm going to let our evidence speak for itself. I find myself turning into Kent. I've been screenshotting the handful of comments some people have posted. These folks don't realize the material was triple blind peer-reviewed for two and a half years before being published. I have supporters of my current solo work wanting to take these folks to task. I've asked them not to.

I do want to thank you for exposing a TV personality posing as a legitimate researcher. I'm not going to name names. Interestingly, our research contradicts nearly everything that person has put forward.

I sincerely appreciate the effort you put into the pre-columbian section of your blog. Really helped weed out a lot of the crap. Some of your information is no longer accurate. You are still spot on about the grifters, charlatans and other personalities who've poisoned the well.



Reply
Sia or Zia
2/2/2025 04:25:24 pm

We have encountered the name of Sia sometimes Zia on a few cartographic works. We have never commented upon it. There was speculation several years back that it had something to do with Asia. When we first encountered the name, it was speculated the letter "A" may have flaked off. After encountering the name a few more times that theory fell out.

Sia/Zia it's just one of numerous mysteries we've come across while doing our research. Other than this blog post, I really haven't been able to find any good information. I sincerely appreciate the resource you provide for free.

The Black Mary is associated with Corvo Marim and all of its various spellings. If you ever return to some of the older ideas in your blog, Sia/Zia would make for a highly interesting read. Especially with the level of research I've come to expect from you, after reading your blog for the past 8-9 years.

I hope "Jimmy" becomes a bestseller!

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