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The Flaming Sky Torch of July 24, 1239: Not a UFO

3/17/2015

15 Comments

 
Today I have an interesting, if somewhat unusual, bit of Latin translation from Wonders in the Sky (Penguin, 2009), the deeply flawed collection of pre-twentieth century UFO reports by Jacques Vallée and Chris Aubeck, who pretend toward a scholarly rigor they utterly lack. This particular account of a medieval meteor or comet sighting, widely reproduced across the internet from Wonders, seemed so straightforward that it surprised even me how utterly and completely the two authors failed to understand it.
Jacques Vallée and Chris Aubeck present the following “translation,” which they claim comes from Matthew Paris’s Chronica Majora, a medieval manuscript compiled in the 1230s, 1240s and 1250s. The text covers the night of July 24, 1239 and reflects Matthew’s eyewitness account of events seen from the abbey of St. Albans in England. The authors, though, confuse Matthew’s moniker “Paris” for a location and incorrectly claim that the event occurred in France rather than England. Matthew was dubbed “the Parisian” because he was educated in France, but he lived and worked in England (and occasionally Norway) for most of his life. The material in quotation marks below the authors attribute directly to Matthew, and the material afterward is their overconfident commentary on the same:
“On July 24, 1239, at dusk, but not when the stars came out, while the air was clear, serene and shining, a great star appeared. It was like a torch rising from the south, and flying on both sides of it, there was emitted in the height of the sky a very great light. It turned quickly towards the north in the aerie region, not quickly, nor, indeed, with speed, but exactly as if it wished to ascend to a place high in the air."

This sequence of motion is not typical of a natural phenomenon, and it certainly was not a “star.”
So who’s ready to guess what they screwed up this time by dint of not either understanding Latin very well or not actually reading the original material? Oh, there is so much they got wrong—and a few parts that simply don’t make sense. Both sides of what? Worse, at the end they mistranslate volare (to fly) as velle (to wish), unaware apparently in looking up the first person singular headword in a dictionary that volo (wish: infinitive velle) is irregular, while volo (fly: infinitive, volare) is regular. They mixed up the similar-looking words. I’ll be damned where they got “both sides” or a “great light” from the Latin text. If I had to guess—and this is only a guess from their previous efforts—the translation is probably mediated through a French paraphrase that they mistook for a quotation, but from where I can’t imagine.

To understand the correct translation, it’s important to note that Matthew just finished describing events occurring on the Continent to the Emperor Frederick II in his struggle with the Pope. Now Matthew cuts back to St. Albans where a wonder appears in the sky:
In the same year, on the eve of the feast of St. James, about dusk, before the stars had appeared, was seen in a clear blue sky, a very large star like a torch, which rose from the south, and flying along, not upwards, darted through the air, making its way towards the north, not swiftly, but as a hawk usually flies: when it had reached the middle of the firmament, which is in our hemisphere, it vanished, leaving, however, smoke and sparks in the air. This star was either a comet or a dragon, greater to the eye than Lucifer, having the form of a mullet, very bright at the foremost part of it, but at the hind part smoky and sparkling. All who saw this wonderful sign were struck with wonder, and did not know what it portended, but one thing is certain, that after the crops had been almost all choked by the protracted rains, the season was at this very hour changed into one of a most remarkable fertility, and preserved the ripe crops, which were only waiting for the sickle, and allowed them to be gathered in. (trans. J. A. Giles)
I have confirmed Giles’s translation against the Latin; it is correct, plus or minus your feelings about how medieval people differentiated between blue and purple, and I might have translated the bit about the hemisphere differently: “as it is seen in our hemisphere.” Given that this translation has been in print since 1889, I can’t imagine how Vallée and Aubeck screwed the text up so badly unless it was sheer incompetence or utter dishonesty.

Suzanne Lewis, who wrote a book about Matthew Paris, provided her own partial translation in 1987, but it contains a lot of ellipses and some mistranslations (rendering jaculabatur as a passive verb when it is actually active, despite its form). She would like us to read the reference to draco as “the constellation Draco” rather than a dragon, but I can’t figure how it would make any sense for Matthew to have thought that the sign in the sky was a constellation when he explicitly says that the stars weren’t visible.

The original manuscript, unbeknownst to Vallée and Aubeck, contains an image of the event drawn by Matthew Paris himself, which later editors recognized as a meteor or a comet. According to the description provided by Lewis, in the image a red oval filled with gold paint has a light blue tail trailing from it, with red dots representing sparks. Further, had the authors read Matthew’s texts, they would have seen that he records numerous prodigies in the sky, and it was routine for medieval authors to use the word “star” when “meteor” is meant. That Matthew knew the difference between a star and a meteor is obvious elsewhere in his writings when Matthew says that if shooting stars “were “real stars (which no wise man could think), there would not have been one left in the heavens” (entry for July 26, 1243)! 
Picture
Matthew Paris's illustration of the 1239 sighting. (Thanks to David Bradbury for the image link!)
15 Comments
Hypatia
3/17/2015 04:25:08 am

"These mercenary individuals do not question the ignorance which holds the people in astonishment, upon whom they subsist and who preserve their credit."

From 'The Three Impostors', 1230 BCE, attributed to Frederick II.

Reply
EP
3/17/2015 04:38:33 am

It's ironic that you quote a book that is equal parts myth and forgery :P

Reply
Hypatia
3/17/2015 05:03:05 am

:) Tell that to Pier Delle Vigne, who apparently met a very bad end (according to religious sources.)

EP
3/17/2015 05:22:42 am

He doesn't post here.

Pier Delle Vigne
3/17/2015 07:57:02 am

O blame me not if I no more can write!

Indeed it does stink in some sort, sir; but yet, sir, I would prove -
The roots of ancient wrath: If Jupiter
Should from yond cloud speak divine things
And say "'Tis true", I'd not believe them more
Than stinking and fly-blown lies.

Hypatia
3/17/2015 04:54:28 am

typo 1230 CE

Reply
Shane Sullivan
3/17/2015 08:31:52 am

I know the author is referring to the heraldic star and not the hair style, but when I read "having the form of a mullet", I burst out laughing.

Reply
al etheredge
3/18/2015 06:24:01 am

I thought mullet was a fish, but I see how the hairdo shape would fit.

Reply
AMC is AMC
3/17/2015 12:31:38 pm

Poor Eugene on the
"Walking Dead"
has a famous mullet.

Reply
Clete
3/17/2015 09:32:10 pm

I have never seen an episode of "The Walking Dead". I refuse to watch a show about the United States Senate.

Reply
David Bradbury
3/18/2015 02:53:18 am

An original manuscript version can be seen on the British Library website:
http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=royal_ms_14_c_vii_f129r

The star is illustrated in the right margin, by the start of the relevant text.

Reply
EP
3/18/2015 12:16:57 pm

Looks like a top-down diagram of yours truly taking a leak. To scale :D

Reply
Bob Jase
3/18/2015 08:38:01 am

As the account states the 'star' was seen only briefly on one evening it sounds like a bolide rather than a comet imo.

Reply
terry the censor
3/22/2015 01:10:16 pm

> This sequence of motion is not typical of a natural phenomenon, and it certainly was not a “star.”

We can't identify it, therefore, we identify it as alien. (Yikes.)

UFO scholarship: a technological application of "intelligent design" eliminative logic.

Reply
Hypatia
3/22/2015 04:18:34 pm

Yep. You nailed it down.

Reply

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    • Collection: Ancient Alien Fraud >
      • Chariots of the Gods at 50
      • Secret History of Ancient Astronauts
      • Of Atlantis and Aliens
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        • Erich von Däniken
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      • Blunders in the Sky
      • The Case of the False Quotes
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      • David Childress & the Aliens
      • Faking Ancient Art in Uzbekistan
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    • Collection: Skeptic Magazine >
      • America Before Review
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      • Golden Fleeced
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      • Review of Civilization One
      • Who Lost the Middle Ages
      • Charioteer of the Gods
    • Collection: Ancient History >
      • Prehistoric Nuclear War
      • The China Syndrome
      • Atlantis, Mu, and the Maya
      • Easter Island Exposed
      • Who Built the Sphinx?
      • Who Built the Great Pyramid?
      • Archaeological Cover Up?
    • Collection: The Lovecraft Legacy >
      • Pauwels, Bergier, and Lovecraft
      • Lovecraft in Bergier
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    • Collection: UFOs >
      • Alien Abduction at the Outer Limits
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    • Scholomance: The Devil's School
    • Prehistory of Chupacabra
    • The Templars, the Holy Grail, & Henry Sinclair
    • Magicians of the Gods Review
    • The Curse of the Pharaohs
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  • The Library
    • Ancient Mysteries >
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        • Mesopotamian Texts >
          • Atrahasis Epic
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        • Egyptian Texts >
          • The Shipwrecked Sailor
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          • The Story of Setna
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          • On Isis and Osiris
          • Famine Stela
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        • Teshub and the Dragon
        • Hermetica >
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          • Book of the 24 Philosophers
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        • Chinese Accounts of Rome
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      • Medieval Texts >
        • Medieval Legends of Ancient Egypt >
          • Medieval Pyramid Lore
          • John Malalas on Ancient Egypt
          • Fragments of Abenephius
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          • Al-Maqrizi on the Pyramids
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        • The Hunt for Noah's Ark
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        • Agobard on Magonia
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        • Power of Art and of Nature
        • Travels of Sir John Mandeville
        • Yazidi Revelation and Black Book
        • Al-Biruni on the Great Flood
        • Voyage of the Zeno Brothers
        • The Kensington Runestone (Hoax)
        • Islamic Discovery of America
        • The Aztec Creation Myth
      • Lost Civilizations >
        • Atlantis >
          • Plato's Atlantis Dialogues >
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          • Panchaea: The Other Atlantis
          • Eumalos on Atlantis (Hoax)
          • Gómara on Atlantis
          • Sardinia and Atlantis
          • Santorini and Atlantis
          • The Mound Builders and Atlantis
          • Donnelly's Atlantis
          • Atlantis in Morocco
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          • W. Scott-Elliot >
            • The Story of Atlantis
            • The Lost Lemuria
          • The Lost Atlantis
          • Atlantis in Africa
          • How I Found Atlantis (Hoax)
          • Termier on Atlantis
          • The Critias and Minoan Crete
          • Rebuttal to Termier
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          • Flinders Petrie on Atlantis
        • Lost Cities >
          • Miscellaneous Lost Cities
          • The Seven Cities
          • The Lost City of Paititi
          • Manuscript 512
          • The Idolatrous City of Iximaya (Hoax)
          • The 1885 Moberly Lost City Hoax
          • The Elephants of Paredon (Hoax)
        • OOPARTs
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        • Caucasians in Panama
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        • Against Diffusionism
        • Tunnels Under Peru
        • The Parahyba Inscription (Hoax)
        • Mound Builders
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        • The 1907 Ancient World Map Hoax
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        • The Interglacial Period
        • Solving Oak Island
      • Religious Conspiracies >
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        • Testimony of Jean de Châlons
        • Rosslyn Chapel and the 'Prentice's Pillar
        • The Many Wives of Jesus
        • Templar Infiltration of Labor
        • Louis Martin & the Holy Bloodline
        • The Life of St. Issa (Hoax)
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      • Giants in the Earth >
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          • Fossils and the Supernatural
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          • Man During the Stone Age
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          • The Mammoth and the Flood
          • Fossils and Myth
          • Fossil Origin of the Cyclops
          • Mastodon, Mammoth, and Man
        • Fragments on Giants
        • Manichaean Book of Giants
        • Geoffrey on British Giants
        • Alfonso X's Hermetic History of Giants
        • Boccaccio and the Fossil 'Giant'
        • Book of Howth
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        • Edmond Temple's 1827 Giant Investigation
        • The Giants of Sardinia
        • Giants and the Sons of God
        • The Magnetism of Evil
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        • Smithsonian Giant Reports
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        • The Giant of Coahuila
        • Jewish Encyclopedia on Giants
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        • Lanier's A Book of Giants
      • Science and History >
        • Halley on Noah's Comet
        • The Newport Tower
        • Iron: The Stone from Heaven
        • Ararat and the Ark
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        • Argonauts before Homer
        • The Deluge
        • Crown Prince Rudolf on the Pyramids
        • Old Mythology in New Apparel
        • Blavatsky on Dinosaurs
        • Teddy Roosevelt on Bigfoot
        • Devil Worship in France
        • Maspero's Review of Akhbar al-zaman
        • The Holy Grail as Lucifer's Crown Jewel
        • The Mutinous Sea
        • The Rock Wall of Rockwall
        • Fabulous Zoology
        • The Origins of Talos
        • Mexican Mythology
        • Chinese Pyramids
        • Maqrizi's Names of the Pharaohs
      • Extreme History >
        • Roman Empire Hoax
        • American Antiquities
        • American Cataclysms
        • England, the Remnant of Judah
        • Historical Chronology of the Mexicans
        • Maspero on the Predynastic Sphinx
        • Vestiges of the Mayas
        • Ragnarok: The Age of Fire and Gravel
        • Origins of the Egyptian People
        • The Secret Doctrine >
          • Volume 1: Cosmogenesis
          • Volume 2: Anthropogenesis
        • Phoenicians in America
        • The Electric Ark
        • Traces of European Influence
        • Prince Henry Sinclair
        • Pyramid Prophecies
        • Templars of Ancient Mexico
        • Chronology and the "Riddle of the Sphinx"
        • The Faith of Ancient Egypt
        • Spirit of the Hour in Archaeology
        • Book of the Damned
        • Great Pyramid As Noah's Ark
        • Richard Shaver's Proofs
    • Alien Encounters >
      • US Government Ancient Astronaut Files >
        • Fortean Society and Columbus
        • Inquiry into Shaver and Palmer
        • The Skyfort Document
        • Whirling Wheels
        • Denver Ancient Astronaut Lecture
        • Soviet Search for Lemuria
        • Visitors from Outer Space
        • Unidentified Flying Objects (Abstract)
        • "Flying Saucers"? They're a Myth
        • UFO Hypothesis Survival Questions
        • Air Force Academy UFO Textbook
        • The Condon Report on Ancient Astronauts
        • Atlantis Discovery Telegrams
        • Ancient Astronaut Society Telegram
        • Noah's Ark Cables
        • The Von Daniken Letter
        • CIA Psychic Probe of Ancient Mars
        • Scott Wolter Lawsuit
        • UFOs in Ancient China
        • CIA Report on Noah's Ark
        • CIA Noah's Ark Memos
        • Congressional Ancient Aliens Testimony
        • Ancient Astronaut and Nibiru Email
        • Congressional Ancient Mars Hearing
        • House UFO Hearing
      • Ancient Extraterrestrials >
        • Premodern UFO Sightings
        • The Moon Hoax
        • Inhabitants of Other Planets
        • Blavatsky on Ancient Astronauts
        • The Stanzas of Dzyan (Hoax)
        • Aerolites and Religion
        • What Is Theosophy?
        • Plane of Ether
        • The Adepts from Venus
      • A Message from Mars
      • Saucer Mystery Solved?
      • Orville Wright on UFOs
      • Interdimensional Flying Saucers
      • Flying Saucers Are Real
      • Report on UFOs
    • The Supernatural >
      • The Devils of Loudun
      • Sublime and Beautiful
      • Voltaire on Vampires
      • Demonology and Witchcraft
      • Thaumaturgia
      • Bulgarian Vampires
      • Religion and Evolution
      • Transylvanian Superstitions
      • Defining a Zombie
      • Dread of the Supernatural
      • Vampires
      • Werewolves and Vampires and Ghouls
      • Science and Fairy Stories
      • The Cursed Car
    • Classic Fiction >
      • Lucian's True History
      • Some Words with a Mummy
      • The Coming Race
      • King Solomon's Mines
      • An Inhabitant of Carcosa
      • The Xipéhuz
      • Lot No. 249
      • The Novel of the Black Seal
      • The Island of Doctor Moreau
      • Pharaoh's Curse
      • Edison's Conquest of Mars
      • The Lost Continent
      • Count Magnus
      • The Mysterious Stranger
      • The Wendigo
      • Sredni Vashtar
      • The Lost World
      • The Red One
      • H. P. Lovecraft >
        • Dagon
        • The Call of Cthulhu
        • History of the Necronomicon
        • At the Mountains of Madness
        • Lovecraft's Library in 1932
      • The Skeptical Poltergeist
      • The Corpse on the Grating
      • The Second Satellite
      • Queen of the Black Coast
      • A Martian Odyssey
    • Classic Genre Movies
    • Miscellaneous Documents >
      • The Balloon-Hoax
      • A Problem in Greek Ethics
      • The Migration of Symbols
      • The Gospel of Intensity
      • De Profundis
      • The Life and Death of Crown Prince Rudolf
      • The Bathtub Hoax
      • Crown Prince Rudolf's Letters
      • Position of Viking Women
      • Employment of Homosexuals
      • James Dean's Scrapbook
      • James Dean's Love Letters
      • The Amazing James Dean Hoax!
    • Free Classic Pseudohistory eBooks
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