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The Paradigm Symposium and Philosophical Naturalism

10/15/2014

23 Comments

 
Have you seen the rather harsh write-up of the Paradigm Symposium in the Twin Cities Daily Planet? Author Caleb Baumgartner offered a caustic take on the annual gathering of fringe figures, though I can’t say that his analysis was entirely unwarranted. In the interest of disclosure, I do need to say that Scotty Roberts, who runs the Paradigm Symposium, invited me to speak at next year’s gathering. I am not able to commit that far out for a four-day event, but I am looking into whether I can make it work. 
In the article, Baumgartner leveled several criticisms against the symposium. The most important is that the speakers and attendees are promoting a paranoid worldview, while the less important criticism revolves around the speakers’ cash grab: “it all boiled down to the idea that they were the keepers of a secret truth that they had unraveled a grand theme and that if you would only buy their book and listen to what they had to say, you, too, could be in on the secret.” Baumgartner noted that the cost of attendance was $250 for the four-day event.

Baumgartner noted that the symposium’s speakers, which included Graham Hancock and Richard Dolan, seemed to have “contempt” for the broader society and used that contempt as a technique for reinforcing a community bond among other fringe thinkers, Baumgartner concluded with an opinionated but not unfair statement:
It is absolutely terrifying to wonder whether these people actually believe these things or if they are wolves who are preying on the money of gullible sheep who are absolutely desperate to believe that the world is something more than it is, and they are somehow special snowflakes in the midst of an ill-informed rabble.
Scotty Roberts commented on the article, and he criticized Baumgartner for what he called the “bias” of “negative skepticism.” Micah Hanks followed suit, reinforcing the claim of “negative skepticism” as well as bias: “It’s very easy to write something like this, and not to think deeply about whether the statements you make are simply broad reasonings, rather that pointed statements based on careful observation.” Both men seem to believe that an opinion that concludes that fringe ideas have no merit must be biased, while of course fringe research is entirely free and open despite its rejection of all or most mainstream ideas.

Hanks devoted most of his comments to PZ Myers’s choice to disassociate himself from organized skepticism, which Hanks characterizes as “walking away from negative skepticism.” (More disclosure: I subscribe to Skeptical Inquirer and have been published in Skeptic, but I am not affiliated with CSI, the Skeptics Society, or the JREF.)

I am intrigued by this theme of “positive” and “negative” skepticism. What might these be? According to Roberts, the negative version, which he also calls “Big-S Skepticism,” involves dogmatic denial of any reality beyond that known by current science. The positive form, by contrast, he sees as being “open to understanding that there might be more than we can quantify,” which appears to be a reference to a non-material dimension of reality, and thus to an abnegation of methodological naturalism as a research method. Hanks builds on this and declares negative skepticism a hindrance to understanding “concepts.”

I am frankly surprised that both see skepticism as, apparently, a research program rather than an evaluation tool. Skepticism, by definition, will not generate new knowledge because it is a tool used to evaluate claims, not to make new claims. Ideally, it applies equally to claims generated by fringe figures and by mainstream research. Of course skepticism is negative; it asks us to think about why a claim might not be true before we accept it as true. Hanks and Roberts both want to merge together atheists, materialists, skeptics, secular humanists, and sundry other groups based on their perception that they are bound together by a denial of the spiritual or supernatural. To me this is a very strange test since fringe claims present themselves as scientific questions and try very hard to render the supernatural scientific (Did aliens build pyramids? Can ghosts be measured by electromagnetic frequency fluctuations?). Theoretically, one need not be a materialist to be a skeptic, or a skeptic to be a materialist.

Yet if we parse their words, it sounds like Hanks and Roberts are more properly opposed to materialism (more specifically, philosophical naturalism) as an ideology. That’s fine, from a philosophical point of view, but they conflate that with methodological naturalism, which is a presumption used for creating and testing hypotheses about nature and is not itself a truth claim. (Philosophers have made arguments for and against both kinds of naturalism, so it’s not as though the subject is settled law.) The issue is that philosophical naturalism, as an ideology, is a claim, while skepticism is a tool for evaluating claims. Their enemy isn’t skepticism as a practice but philosophical naturalism as a belief system, and that’s a completely different argument from the skeptics’ evaluation of whether giant bones exist, whether Puma Punku was carved by lasers, or whether Native Americans have Jesus’ DNA.

I’ve criticized organized skeptics more than once for suggesting that skepticism is not a tool but a materialist belief system, and I’ve been critical of the late Paul Kurtz and Sam Harris for their efforts to raise naturalism into a system of universal values and ethics. So I am not unsympathetic to the idea that organized skeptics too much time promoting atheism and scientific materialism. I’ve always seen those beliefs as distinct from the tool of skepticism. The long and short of it, though, is that the argument over ideology is not really a question of skepticism. Most fringe figures’ claims are wrong on the evidence, and no amount of appeal to philosophy is going to make the evidence invert itself, or turn bad ideas into good, or suddenly make appeals to special revelation or ancient scriptures credible. The reality, for example, of a Freemason conspiracy to encode Jesus’ secrets on Oreo cookies is affected hardly a whit by the existence or non-existence of the supernatural. 

23 Comments
spookyparadigm
10/15/2014 07:16:17 am

Anyone who thinks PZ Myers, based on political infighting within the secular community, is walking towards the beliefs at home at the Paradigm Symposium is either more foolish than I would have imagined, or is mixing apples and oranges accidentally or on purpose.

Reply
Jason Colavito link
10/15/2014 07:44:13 am

Hanks obviously has a conflict of interest since his persona is that he's an open-minded skeptic who just happens to give his audience reasons to believe. So, anytime he can cast organized skepticism as a monolithic entity with dissenters, it only bolsters his own self-assigned positions as the believers' skeptic.

Reply
spookyparadigm
10/15/2014 08:17:28 am

That's a larger issue, and one not pursued by any one given "alt researcher" alone.

I'm just amused in this particular case by anyone thinking Myers has somehow gone soft on what he considers to be pseudoscience. He hasn't, he's just opened up his definitions of what gets mocked at his blog to those in the secular community who hold political beliefs he finds problematic (I'm not talking about the accusations of personal actions, but his attacks on libertarian atheists etc., and I say that as someone who isn't a big fan of the libertarian movement in the US).

Sometimes the enemy of your enemy is NOT your friend.

EP
10/15/2014 09:09:22 am

I think it's important not to lose sight of the fact that the "skeptical" community is bound to have its own opportunists and fraud, just like (though not as many as) the "fringe" community. Plus, every once in a while people discover that they are able to get more money and/or attention by catering the the latter. (Same reason serious academics, as opposed to professional "skeptics", occasionally go pop or fringe...)

Jonathan
10/15/2014 08:32:18 am

Jason,
I enjoy reading a number of blogs that cover various topics--science, history, culture, and even men's style. You are the only blog I read that posts every day and at a consistently high level of quality. Today's post is an excellent example of why I read this blog every day. I appreciate the work you are doing and I hope you don't get tired of it!

Reply
Jason Colavito link
10/15/2014 10:52:39 am

Thank you so much for the kind words, Jonathan. I will do my best not to get tired of it, but it gets harder over time to keep coming up with new things to write about!

Reply
An Over-Educated Grunt
10/15/2014 11:03:57 am

I don't think you write enough about giants, specifically red-haired Bible giants, whether they crossbred with the Jesus Bloodline, and the Smithsonian's role in suppressing all of this in favor of Columbus discovering America.

Joking. Seriously, what Jonathan said, plus some for putting up with the comment section and not turning it off.

Jason Colavito link
10/15/2014 12:26:30 pm

I know you're kidding about the giants, but with the new History series "Search for the Lost Giants," it looks like we're in for a lot more of them!

An Over-Educated Grunt
10/16/2014 01:51:29 am

Yeah, was thinking about it earlier, and 40 years of fringe history can be summed up as a little green man being stepped on by a red-headed giant ridden by a Templar, in the style of Master Blaster from "Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome" meets "Bambi vs. Godzilla."

Gunn
10/16/2014 04:22:15 am

"Hanks builds on this and declares negative skepticism a hindrance to understanding “concepts.”"

Hindrance to understanding concepts? Okay, yes. And what if a wrong reason or purpose for particular evidence is entertained by the skeptic, even when the concept or notion is proven stupid? Doesn't the skeptic then become stupid-looking, or at least tainted by stupidity--if that's what lack of reasoning could be called?

(Of course, we're talking about the possibility of DNA-ingrained Scandinavian short-term memory. Ha! Ha! Is this scientific?)

I declare that I am joking, not taunting....

Gunn
10/16/2014 04:42:54 am

Sorry...I'll explain: The joke is that Jason then becomes--by accepted acknowledgement, or by definition here--a so-called fringe thinker!

I guess this could be called irony, too....

An Over-Educated Grunt
10/16/2014 04:44:11 am

And I declare that you're a boor and a bore, for barging in with an irrelevancy whenever the mood strikes you. But then, by your lights, my declaring it wouldn't make it so to you, would it? So too with your declaration.

EP
10/16/2014 05:31:13 am

Gunn, greatest hindrance to understanding concepts is suptidity. Which your remarks help illustrate with delicious irony.

EP
10/15/2014 09:31:05 am

"According to Roberts, the negative version, which he also calls “Big-S Skepticism,” involves dogmatic denial of any reality beyond that known by current science."

This is not skepticism at all. This is what is usually called "scientism", which may or may not be combined with "physicalism".

"The positive form, by contrast, he sees as being “open to understanding that there might be more than we can quantify,” which appears to be a reference to a non-material dimension of reality, and thus to an abnegation of methodological naturalism as a research method."

This, as stated, also has nothing to do with skepticism. Insofar as it makes sense to analyze incoherent pseudo-intellectual ramblings, what they are calling "positive skepticism" is simply rejection of "physicalism".

"Skepticism, by definition, will not generate new knowledge because it is a tool used to evaluate claims, not to make new claims."

This is not quite true. Learning that one does not in fact know something is also gaining a bit of knowledge. Not to mention that simply getting hypotheses to pass skeptical muster could help them become genuine items of knowledge.

"Theoretically, one need not be a materialist to be a skeptic, or a skeptic to be a materialist."

Not only that, but many of the most important skeptics in the history of philosophy were not materialists. Sexustus Empiricus, David Hume, Bertrand Russell - none of them is a materialist.

"methodological naturalism, which is a presumption used for creating and testing hypotheses about nature and is not itself a truth claim."

Not quite sure what you mean... Do you mind elaborating?

"no amount of appeal to philosophy is going to make the evidence invert itself, or turn bad ideas into good, or suddenly make appeals to special revelation or ancient scriptures credible."

Certainly their inept philosophical flailings won't, but your claim (at least as I read it) is way too strong. What counts as evidence for what, when an explanation is good, at what point we may consider a theory well-supported, even when we rationally ought to defer to an authority - these are all controversial philosophical questions and there have been and continue to be significant changes in what the standard views of these matters are by philosophers or as reflected in the practice of scientists.

Reply
Jason Colavito link
10/15/2014 10:10:55 am

To take your last point first, I meant an appeal to philosophical arguments against naturalism, which I hope makes that statement seem less absolutist than it sounded.

In regard to methodological naturalism: It isn't a truth claim because it doesn't assert that materialism is all that exists the way philosophical naturalism does.

Reply
EP
10/15/2014 10:23:32 am

Okay, if you meant that no amount of philosophizing could make naturalism something other than what it is, then I see what you're saying. Otherwise, naturalism (methodological or otherwise) is philosophically troublesome, even (and perhaps especially!) for its adherents.

Just out of curiosity (and I certainly don't mean to put you on the spot), what specific philosophical works/writers did you have in mind when writing this blog post?

Jason Colavito link
10/15/2014 10:30:59 am

I would need to ask my brother, who has a philosophy degree. I am not nearly as familiar with the individuals involved.

EP
10/15/2014 10:36:29 am

Nah, I really was just curious where you were coming from. It's not like your comments on these matters aren't largely apt. And when they aren't, the people you're criticizing wouldn't know anyway :)

The Other J.
10/16/2014 04:43:51 pm

With regard to the distinction between philosophical naturalism and skepticism as a tool, have you ever thought about just keeping that in your back pocket as an addendum to your articles? I think it'd be useful.

So for instance, when you're reviewing another show about red-headed giants, or how much the Annunaki influenced the Hopi, or the role of Sasquatch in Nazi rocket science, you could -- either as an aside or in the body of the piece -- just point out where the show's arguments are dealing with philosophical naturalism, where they're getting into skepticism, and where and how those points get confused.

It's just a good, useful distinction, and not one you see made too often. Even as an experiment, for like five episodes of a show, it'd be interesting to see what drawing out that distinction does for both your and your readers' understanding of the claims being proffered.

Reply
terry the censor
10/19/2014 07:31:38 am

> Scotty Roberts commented on the article...Micah Hanks followed suit

Links? I can't find their comments with Google.

Reply
Jason Colavito link
10/19/2014 07:33:14 am

They literally commented on the article: Their comments are at the end of the original article, in the comments section.

Reply
terry the censor
10/19/2014 08:08:57 am

Ah, my browser's script blocker made the comments invisible.

Baumgartner's mistake was to neglect quoting the sypmosium speakers. What we have are his words only, that is, his analysis without the data. That allows Roberts and Hanks to make the reporter the issue instead of addressing any of the article's points, any of the speakers' behaviour.

If Roberts and Hanks epitomise true skepticism, let them practise it on the claims made by the symposium speakers. Otherwise, they are just partisan hacks.

skeptic! skeptic? skeptic!
3/7/2015 12:55:52 pm

i am not a "true believer"
philosophical naturalism
or natural philosophy???
this is an Enlightenment

Reply



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