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The Strange Tale of Cursed Mummies and the Ship They Nearly Destroyed

9/3/2019

34 Comments

 
​As I am nearing the end of writing my book about legends of the pyramids (just two chapters left!), I have unfortunately come to more recent history, and this is the period when things get really weird—not just because of crazy legends that writers felt free to make up but also because of the completely bonkers misunderstandings of everything that turn even the simplest research questions into days-long quests into the heart of obscurity. This one vexed me for far too long, but it is too weird to let go.
​In British archaeologist Charlotte Booth’s 2009 book The Curse of the Mummy and Other Mysteries of Ancient Egypt, the author writes: “This idea of a mummy causing a shipwreck also had its origins in fiction; it comes from a tale written by Louisa May Alcott in 1869, in which a 1699 shipwreck was caused by a consignment of mummies aboard.” In her 2011 book The Myth of Ancient Egypt, she tells the story again, though she dropped Louisa May Alcott from the telling: “This connection with mummies and shipwrecks was introduced in a story of a shipwreck in 1699 caused by a consignment of mummies on board. Mummies smuggled out of Egypt were thought to cause storms at sea, and were often thrown overboard to prevent them.”
 
I had never heard this story, in either version, and had no idea what Booth was talking about. It turns out, neither did she. Booth is a trained archaeologist who has written more than a dozen books about Egypt. She has also appeared as a talking head on Britain’s Channel 5 and on the History Channel. But she was apparently too quick to accept summaries of summaries in a daisy chain of half-understood repetition dating back more than four centuries.
 
In trying to figure out where the story came from, I discovered that there are a great many references placing the events in 1699 and calling it a shipwreck, but very few that offer any solid citations to document the story. That Louisa May Alcott did not invent it should be obvious from the fact that it appears nowhere in her fiction. Booth conflated Alcott’s 1869 story “Lost in a Pyramid” with the 1699 story. Why? Perhaps she was basing her summary on the 2003 Routledge anthology Consuming Ancient Egypt, which had been republished in 2009. In that volume, we read:
Louisa May Alcott, best known for Little Women, has recently been identified as the earliest writer to actually utilize a mummy’s curse plot (Montserrat 1998:70-75), though a tale from 1699 of near shipwreck thought to be caused by mummies aboard may have foreshadowed the folklore surrounding a British Museum mummy often incorrectly claimed to have been aboard the Titanic (Green 1992: 35). Alcott’s 1869 story, Lost in a Pyramid; or the Mummy’s Curse, puts a feminine, if not feminist, slant on things as both the mummy and the victim are female. 
​The source of all of this is apparently an article in a 1992 issue of the magazine KMT, devoted to all things Egyptian, though I have not read the piece, entitled “Mummy Mania: The Victorian Fascination with Ancient Egypt’s Mortal Remains” by L. Green. This is the same magazine where Robert Schoch unveiled his radical re-dating of the Great Sphinx that same year.
 
Frankly, I don’t really care who screwed it up. I am more interested in why so few tried to figure out what the actual story was.
 
Fortunately, Dr. Ralf Bülow was able to point me in the right direction via Twitter by linking me to a 1699 French book that does indeed tell the story. That book is Louis Penicher’s Traite du Embaumements, and in it we read a much more developed version of the story that bears only a partial resemblance to the version that we read about in many popular accounts of mummies.
 
As best I can tell, the account has never been translated into English, so I give it here in my translation. The wording of the seventeenth-century French is a bit obscure in a couple places, but I think the meaning comes through:
… But sometimes there is danger in transporting them (mummies) so far, if we are to believe the story that Radziwill recounts in the third “Letter” of his Voyages.
 
This curious traveler had purchased two Egyptian mummies in Alexandria, one of a man and the other of a woman, in order to transport them to Europe. He had them cut into six parts which he had enclosed separately in as many chests made of dried tree bark, and in a seventh chest he had put the idols which were found with the bodies of these two mummies. This he did because the Turks prevent the sale and transport of these corpses, imagining that the Christians could compose (with them) some sort of spell that would cause misfortune to their nation. This Polish lord availed himself of winning over by money, and by wine, a Jew, who had the commission to inspect the chests and the goods which were within them. This commissioner had all the chests loaded into the ship, saying that it was only seashell being carried to Europe.
 
“Before going to sea (said this gentleman), I found a priest who was returning from Jerusalem, and who could not finish his journey without the help I gave him on this occasion by taking him aboard our ship. One day, when this good man said his Breviary, a furious tempest arose. He warned us that, besides this danger, there were great obstacles to our journey, from two specters which continually fatigued him. The tempest having ended, I dismissed his vision, because I would never have imagined that my mummies would be the cause; but afterwards I was obliged to change my mind when there arose a new assault rougher and more dangerous than the first, and when the specters appeared again to our priest while he made his prayers in the guise of a man and a woman dressed as were my mummies. This obliged me to ask the Captain for permission to enter the magazine, with the intention of secretly throwing my chests into the sea. This he did not wish to grant me because of the impetuosity of the waves that would have flooded his ship; but at last, when the storm gave way to a bit of calm in which we could recognize the constellation called St. Germain, he permitted what he had previously refused me. I had the seven chests thrown into the sea. This could not, however, be carried out so skillfully that the Master was not informed of it, and then, quite joyful, he promised us that we would have no more storms, and the good priest had no more visions. However, that did not prevent me from receiving a severe reprimand from the Captain for having brought aboard his vessel these mummies, for which the sea has so great an antipathy. But the Theologians of the island of Crete, when we had landed there, justified my conduct, saying that it was permitted to Christians to transport these mummy corpses for the relief of the infirm, and that the Church should not forbid their use.”
​The thing is that this event—which was not a shipwreck—did not occur in 1699. Our author is quoting from the Polish prince Mikołaj Krzysztof Radziwiłł’s 1601 Ierosolymitana peregrinatio (Voyage to Jerusalem), recounting a trip to Jerusalem and back in the late 1500s. I am not able to review the original text to test the accuracy of the French translation. According to World Cat, there are only a few copies of the book, all in Europe, and the text is not online. [Update: The book actually is online! The translation into French is accurate, but condensed. I do not really have the motivation to translate an even longer version!]
 
While academic literature on Egypt tends to cite the French source correctly (though often without knowing the original), it is rather astounding that popular literature has gotten the story so wrong for so long.
34 Comments
PIXEL
9/3/2019 08:49:02 am

_legends of the pyramids_

Hopefully the story that Khufu built the big one is included in the book as one of the legends.

Reply
Tudlaw
9/3/2019 10:50:52 am

I've heard George Washington didn't build the Washington Monument.

Reply
Apu the Shopkeeper
9/3/2019 11:55:07 am

Everyone knows the pyramids were built by the lizard people with help from the star people, ancient Mayans, the Giants from the Bible after the were kicked out of heaven, the greys, the browns, the blacks, the good, the bad and the ugly and last, but certainly not the least, Peter and his rabbit.

Reply
Minestrone Farrakhan
9/3/2019 12:11:38 pm

Yet the wicked Jews continue to steal the credit!

An Anonymous Nerd
9/3/2019 07:24:58 pm

[Hopefully the story that Khufu built the big one is included in the book as one of the legends. ]

Of course he didn't build it -- but, as I have pointed out repeatedly, there is good evidence that it was built for him, and at his behest. Here is a starting point:

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/ancient-egypt-shipping-mining-farming-economy-pyramids-180956619/

and here's something else:

https://www.nationalgeographic.com.au/history/the-pyramid-builders-village-in-egypt.aspx

Then try Toby Wilkinson's "The Rise and Fall of Ancient Egypt," and John Romer's "The Great Pyramid."

-An Anonymous Nerd

Reply
Jr. Time Lord
9/3/2019 09:12:05 pm

I believe Pixel was referring to the theory of Khufu being responsible for a restoration project. A common theme amongst fringe books from the 70s. Especially in regards to Atlantis theories. I think author Tom Valentine was the first I'd come across. I'm sure the idea predates him by quite some time.

Anthony warren’s free library computer
9/4/2019 12:37:46 am

Pixels were tragically sacrificed so that the previous non-sequitur could take up space not the monitor.

TONY S.
9/4/2019 12:51:41 pm

I enjoy John Romer's. His two books Valley of the Kings,and The Seven Wonders of the World were particularly enjoyable. The 4 part TV series based upon the latter was very good as well. (I wish it would be released to DVD like his documentary on Byzantium, currently it's still only on VHS. But still worth having).

I was disappointed, however,with his erroneous conclusion regarding the Hanging Garden of Babylon. Fortunately, the research of Assyriologist Dr. Stephanie Dalley has filled the gap admirably.

TONY S.
9/4/2019 12:52:34 pm

*John Romer's works

Brian
9/3/2019 09:45:02 am

Tracking down these minutiae that lead to such bizarre modern ideas is fascinating, and I'm glad you were able to check it against the real source in Radziwiłł.

Now how in the world did this ancient remark ever get into modern hands, mixed up, and conflated with, of all people, Louisa May Alcott??

Reply
Wavy gravy
9/3/2019 11:56:11 am

It was more likely the presence of a creepy, lecherous priest onboard that hexed the ship.

Reply
TONY S.
9/3/2019 12:10:44 pm

Great work tracing the origins of the story. It proves once again how easily and how often things can get twisted and distorted when repeated through time without the benefit of resorting to fact checking original sources.

An important example of that is the very interesting work done by the author Lawrence David Kusche. He wrote two excellent books in the 1970s debunking the Bermuda Triangle, THE BERMUDA TRIANGLE MYSTERY SOLVED, and THE DISAPPEARANCE OF FLIGHT 19. Kusche examined in detail every major incident which allegedly took place in the "Triangle" up to that time. Using primary sources such as contemporary newspaper accounts and weather reports, he discovered normal explanations for nearly every incident he investigated. His most impressive results concerned the true facts behind the tragic loss of Flight 19. He accomplished it by combing through and studying the original Navy report, and by interviewing all the surviving participants of the events of those several days. The true facts behind all these cases were distorted and blurred by decades worth of subsequent authors using the same initial inaccurate and sensationalistic stories spun by mystery mongers who did no research into the actual facts behind the events. And yet, in spite of his excellent results, Kusche barely made beer money off of his research, while someone like Charles Berlitz peddled his fringe nonsense using bad outdated sources and outright lying to the public, making millions from his books and poisoning the well of knowledge in the process.

I'd like to add some context concerning the wider circumstances prevailing in Egypt during the time this story of the mummies takes place for anyone who might find it interesting. The information comes from Brian Fagan's fascinating history of tomb robbing in Egypt, THE RAPE OF THE NILE: Tomb Robbers, Tourists, and Archaeologists in Egypt.

Chapter 3, entitled "Mummy is Become Merchandise", discusses the early craze for the bodies of the ancient dead. Not, however, for scientific purposes. During the time period covered by Jason's story, Egyptology did not yet exist, and there was no formal scientific investigation going on yet into the country's ancient past. The reason why we find people bringing mummies out of Egypt (aside from the occasional collector passing through) during this period has to do with the belief that they possessed medicinal properties:

"... the Egyptians themselves broke up mummy cases for firewood and sold the corpses for medicinal purposes,for by the sixteenth century "mummy" had become a prized drug. The word "mummy" is derived from the Persian word "mummia" (mumija in Arabic), a term for pitch or bitumen. Pissasphalt from the Near East had long been regarded as useful as a cure for cuts and bruises,and for the treatment of fractures,nausea, and a host of other ailments. Its appearance closely resembled that of the bituminous materials used by the ancient Egyptians in the mummification process. When supplies of pissasphalt were hard to come by, it became common practice to substitute the materials found inside the bodies of Egyptian mummies for the real thing. From there it was an even shorter step to substitute the dried flesh for the hardened bituminous material found in the body cavities.

"Mummy" had a long and respectable antiquity as a medicinal substance. As early as the tenth century AD, Arab doctors were describing the properties of medicines that had obviously been in use for centuries. The Arab historian and doctor Abdel Latif: "The mummy found in the hollows of corpses in Egypt differs but immaterially from the nature of mineral mummy; and where any difficulty arises in procuring the latter, the former may be substituted in its stead" ... "

A flourishing trade in mummified human flesh had arisen. The medicinal substance was exported as entire mummies, or in fragments packaged in Cairo and Alexandria, whence merchants sent the dried substance all over western Europe...the potential profits were enormous..." "

I know it isn't directly relevant to the content of Jason's post, but I thought some might find it interesting that mummies were still highly sought after by the public long before the dawn of Egyptology. Thanks for reading!

Reply
Fat with bodyhair
9/3/2019 12:26:47 pm

But I clearly remember seeing the crew of Flight 19 walking off the gigantic spaceship at the end of “Close Encounters of the Third Kind.” The French guy even shook their hands! How do you explain that?

Reply
TONY S.
9/3/2019 12:28:28 pm

Damn, I forgot about the spaceship!

TONY S.
9/3/2019 12:47:34 pm

Another thing that Booth got wrong is that, in 1699, there was no "smuggling of mummies" out of Egypt, because at the time the people who controlled the country could not have cared less about mummies, or any other ancient Egyptian antiquities. The only thing that would have necessitate secret export from the country in 1699 by would be thieves would have been treasure, something the ruling Ottomans were always on the lookout for.

Reply
TONY S.
9/3/2019 12:50:54 pm

My bad. Booth is not the originator of that information. But she repeated it.

Reply
Kent
9/3/2019 01:17:01 pm

"at the time the people who controlled the country could not have cared less about mummies"

"President Thomas Whitmore:
Mr. Levinson, you're mistaken. There is no Area 51. There is no spaceship.

Albert Nimzicki:
Uh... Mr. President. That's not entirely accurate."

Similarly even in medieval times the tarry substance inside mummies was valued for its supposed medicinal properties.

Reply
Electronic Program Guide
9/3/2019 01:34:50 pm

You should worry more about the tarry substances that are caked on and around your yellow, decaying teeth.

P.G. Grenadine
9/3/2019 02:11:21 pm

Look Asshole,

E.P.G. is right, Shit For Brains.

TONY S.
9/3/2019 02:39:42 pm

Kent,

I never knew how much stock to put into the notion that the Ottomans didn't want Christians taking mummies because they were afraid of them using them for magic spells. If it's true and there was indeed some kind of ban on exporting mummies during that period, then I was mistaken.

Kent
9/3/2019 03:06:42 pm

No apologie necessary. "Valued" <> "banned from export".

Electronic program guide
9/3/2019 04:43:27 pm

Kent the freaky necrophiliac “values” mummies for other purposes.

Wim Van der Straeten
9/3/2019 01:38:41 pm

Arnold Vosloo, who played Imhotep in The Mummy (the Brendan Fraser movie), once remarked that it's actually strange that mummies are used as characters in horror movies because they're so slow that they pose no threat. You can easily outrun them.

Reply
Jr. Time Lord
9/3/2019 02:10:16 pm

Medicinal mummies...crushed... snorted and smoked... for the nicotine and cocaine. That's funny!

Reply
Hypes
9/3/2019 02:15:21 pm

No, tragic. Like most of your posts.

Reply
Jr. Time Lord
9/3/2019 03:54:09 pm

Damn!!! I forgot to mention the medicinal mummy tea. The snorting and smoking was a made up joke. From what I understand, people actually made tea from crushed mummies, and drank it.

Reply
P.G. Grenadine
9/3/2019 04:17:03 pm

Look Asshole,

"From what you understand" is a big red flag, Shit For Brains.

An Anonymous Nerd
9/3/2019 07:30:31 pm

Regarding Charlotte Booth...In what appears to be a somewhat clever and deliberate slam, her Wikipedia entry has a section called "academic works" that is blank.

Beyond that I have to say, generically, that it's very strange how otherwise careful academics can sometimes be careless on stuff that dips outside of their area, even when it's related. Not new to me by any means but very strange.

-An Anonymous Nerd

Reply
Electronic program guide
9/3/2019 07:58:30 pm

Someone did something similar on Kent’s Wikipedia page, except that EVERYTHING was left blank!

Ha ha ha ha!

Reply
Anthony Warren is a Cwm
9/4/2019 12:04:17 am

Sounds like something a shit for brains like Anthony Warren would say.

NOT KENT
9/3/2019 11:30:07 pm

This blog is now ready for its own KENT forum.

It could be called, for instance? Just KENT!

There, KENT could write about KENT things. Taking on all permutations of KENT in debate.

In this way we will come to develop what the ancients of our future will call "SkyNet".

Reply
William Harris
9/6/2019 08:02:42 pm

To you all Via Global, am here to share my testimony on how I finally join the new world order of Illuminati, after I have been trying to join for over 1 years and 6 months, but scammers took money from me several times. I have been searching to join the new world order of Illuminati for so long, and i was scam many times, until last month here when I met Dr Michel online who helped me to join the new world order of Illuminati today and i receive the sum of 100 thousand USD in to my bank account instantly after my initiation have been done and also I will be getting 500 thousand USD every month end, Am so happy! If you are interested to Join the new world order of illuminate today, contact Dr Michel today instead of accepting scammers to take your money all in the name of helping you join, E-Mail him illuminatiofficial.mpcontact@gmail.com Or Via Whats App +1(412)405-1961 for your successful initiation and receive your instant membership benefit. THANK YOU.

Reply
Kent
9/6/2019 08:19:56 pm

Maybe the scammers were the same zealots who took Anthony Warren's Yahoo account away from him.

Reply
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