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The Watchers' Pillars of Wisdom in Freemasonry

3/31/2014

24 Comments

 
On the advice of Mike Heiser, I read Amar Annus’ “On the Origin of Watchers” from the Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha 19 (2010), and it was a fascinating look at the deep background of the Watchers’ myth in the Seven Sages, or apkallu, of Mesopotamia, best known to most readers from the myth of Oannes (Uan-Adapa) in Berosus—the amphibious fish-man Robert Temple said was a space alien from Sirius. These sages, like the Watchers, descended from heaven to bequeath civilization, angered the gods with their sins, begat gigantic semi-divine apkallu on human women (Gilgamesh being one of their last giant descendants), and were condemned to the underworld. Also interesting was Annus’ footnotes, which noted the similarity with Ugaritic and Phoenician sources (Sanchuniathon) and noted at transfer of motifs between Syria and Mesopotamia to the extent that the mountains of Anti-Lebanon, where Sanchuniathon places the giant sons of the gods and 1 Enoch houses the Watchers, were also the domain of the Anunnaki in the Old Babylonian version of Gilgamesh.
I know I’ve been talking a lot about the most ancient versions of the Watchers myth over the last week, but after Byron DeLear called to my attention a fascinating reflection of the Watchers story in medieval times, it seems like it would a good idea to take a look at how the story found its way into Freemasonry and thus contributed to anti-Masonic conspiracy theories.

First, in order to understand what you’re about to read, it’s important to remember that the myth of the Watchers had two important variants. The most famous is the so-called “Enochian” version in which the protagonists are fallen angels who teach the arts of civilization to humanity before the Flood and are punished with Flood for their lack of chastity. The second version, the one preserved by Flavius Josephus (Antiquities 1.2.3 in Whiston trans. = 1.69-71 modern ed.), the so-called “Sethite” tradition, held that the Flood had been prophesied by Adam, Eve, or an angel and that the children of Seth had developed the scientific arts and preserved them on tablets or pillars to protect them from the Flood. This was a semi-rationalized version of the Enochian tradition whereby the supernatural fallen angels became the godly sons of Seth, who nevertheless lost their grace when they consorted with the whorish daughters of Cain.

The Sethite tradition became incorporated into the Apocalypse of Moses, which is the ancestor of the somewhat different Latin version of the Life of Adam and Eve, in which Eve receives the prophecy of Flood and issues orders to make the tablets:
On account of your transgression, Our Lord will bring upon your race the anger of his judgement, first by water, the second time by fire; by these two, will the Lord judge the whole human race. But hearken unto me, my children. Make ye then tables of stone and others of clay, and write on them, all my life and your father’s (all) that ye have heard and seen from us. If by water the Lord judge our race, the tables of clay will be dissolved and the tables of stone will remain; but if by fire, the tables of stone will be broken up and the tables of clay will be baked (hard). (49.3-50.2, trans. R. H. Charles)
The Latin Life differs from other sources in making Eve deliver this prophecy to all her children, which in this version of the narrative presumably includes Cain as well as Seth, since the Latin Life does not specify that Cain had left the family before the death of Adam, only that Seth was born to replace the slain Abel. The Latin Life also differs from the Apocalypse of Moses in that several manuscripts include a very long appendix (not translated in most English versions) in which Solomon discovers the tablets of wisdom which Seth had made.

It is from this that we see the Matthew Cooke Manuscript, an early Masonic text dated to around 1450, takes its discussion of the tablets of wisdom. The Cooke MS. Is a copy of an earlier text, but it is not likely to have been significantly older than the surviving copy, according to most historians. The text opens by providing an origin myth for the arts and sciences in terms remarkably similar to the myth of the Watchers, but comes from the list of industrial arts invented by the sons of Cain in Genesis 4:17-22. I wonder if there isn’t cross-contamination in the Watchers myth from Enoch the seventh patriarch to Enoch the son of Cain, for the Cooke MS. says that the sons of Cain invented civilization in the “7th age of Adam before Noah’s flood,” just as Enoch, the seventh patriarch, is sent to preach to the Watchers.

It’s interesting that in Genesis 4:17-18 this early Enoch is made the ancestor of Lamech while in Genesis 5, the line from Adam to Noah is traced through Seth, with Enoch taking his place as the father of Methuselah and grandfather of Lamech in the Sethite line. It is perhaps striking that in the line of Cain we have Cain, Enoch, Irad, Mehujael, Methushael, and Lamech while in the line of Seth we have the parallel names (in different order) of Kenan, Enoch (and Enosh), Jared, Mahalalel, Methuselah, and Lamech. Now, traditionally these are seen as completely different people (and much ink has been spilled to defend this notion), but I wonder if the Cainite version of Genesis 4 isn’t a euhemerized version of the Watchers myth (or the underlying Mesopotamian apkallu myth of the Seven Sages who bequeathed civilization and their Phoenician parallel in Sanchuniathon), with the (human) Cain’s sin and mark condemning his children’s arts as removed from God. If that be the case, then the two Enochs aren’t really different but rather different reflexes of an earlier myth. Indeed, scholars like K. A. Matthews and D. T. Bryan have made many of these same comparisons. Matthews believes that two lists are independent accounts of the same story, one diabolized and the other given as righteous. He, too, sees in the descendants of Cain the same reflection of the apkallu that others see in the Watchers. It strikes me as beyond coincidental that the story of the Watchers as given in 1 Enoch is recapitulated in the sin of the line of Cain, operating outside of the warrant of God.

Such a reading could have occurred to the medieval author of the Cook MS., though more likely he simply attempted to reclaim honor for the earliest supposed mason, for he places the prophecy otherwise given to the line of Seth into the line of Cain. Here the author is speaking of Tubal-Cain and his brethren:
…and these 3 brethren, aforesaid, had knowledge that God would take vengeance for sin, either by fire, or water, and they had greater care how they might do to save the sciences that they [had] found, and they took their counsel together and, by all their wits, they said that [there] were 2 manner of stone[s] of such virtue that the one would never burn, and that stone is called marble, and that the other stone that will not sink in water and that stone is named latres, and so they devised to write all the sciences that they had found in these 2 stones, [so that] if that God would take vengeance, by fire, that the marble should not burn. 
And, yea, verily was the myth of the Watchers visited anew upon the line of Cain. For the Masons (speaking here of the guild, not the later fraternal group), the story has now been entirely decoupled from the fallen angels, the Sethites, and all of the developments occurring in Greek, Armenian, Jewish, and Arabic discussions of the story. Instead, the same fragment of myth becomes associated with the first mason, Jabal, and the first smith, Tubal-Cain, almost certainly to serve as a precursor to the two pillars of Solomon’s Temple so beloved of masons and thus later of Freemasons. All of this material comes to the Cooke MS. nearly verbatim from the fourteenth-century Polychronicon of Ranulf Higden (2.18), where the story from Josephus is given nearly entire but without the direct reference to Seth in the original. The masonic author, not knowing the original, therefore either misread the Higden version or purposely applied it to Tubal-Cain and his brothers.

At this point, we can either go with the conspiracy theorists and see the Masons as preserving antediluvian knowledge and a cult founded by Cain, or we can recognized that the fragments of the Enoch-Watchers-Tablets/Pillars myth kept combining and recombining in new and surprising ways, always recognizable but never quite the same in each iteration.

I know that discussing the myth of the Watchers and the tablets and/or pillars of wisdom has been a little confusing due to the sheer number of texts involved. I thought it might be helpful to show their relationship in the form of a chart, but when I listed everything, it didn’t really make things much clearer. There are probably some mistakes and some missed connections, but I think it gives some idea of the complexity of the issue. The lines represent connections between ideas, people, and texts, but it seems like we really need a three- or even four-dimensional chart to really make sense of it. You can download a full-sized copy of the jpeg using the link below.

Picture
enochchart.jpg
File Size: 149 kb
File Type: jpg
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24 Comments
Clay
3/31/2014 08:47:59 am

I agree with most of your article, but not your statement that Tubal-Cain was regarded as the first mason. In the Cooke Manuscript, the oldest brother, Jabal, not Tubal-Cain, is the first mason. The Cooke Manuscript says that Jabal was Cain's master mason when Cain built the city named Enoch, the first city. Tubal-Cain was the first metal worker. As such, Tubal-Cain could be seen as the forerunner of Hiram, the chief metal worker at the building of Solomon's Temple, who cast the two great pillars.

Reply
Jason Colavito link
3/31/2014 09:36:34 am

Yes, you're right. I'll fix that.

Reply
Adam Kadmon
3/31/2014 12:04:36 pm

Do you think there is any connection between the story of the Clay Tablets that preserved the knowledge of the human race prior to the Deluge and the Emerald Tablet of Hermetic lore? It might be a stretch, but it did seem an interesting possibility.

Reply
Jason Colavito link
3/31/2014 02:13:00 pm

I don't know of a direct connection, but the tablets of wisdom in the Watchers story derive from a Sumerian antecedent in which (in Berosus' version) Xisuthrus writes and buries them at Sippara to keep them safe from the Flood, so there are many paths through which they could filter down to the alchemists. This forms the background for Near East wisdom-tablet stories, and the Arabs identified Hermes Trismegistus with Enoch, so there might be some inspiration.

Reply
charlie
3/31/2014 12:15:23 pm

Jason,
This ongoing discussion on the Watchers is very interesting. Thanks for the chart. If you ever get a 3-D copy of it made please do link to it.

Reply
KIF
3/31/2014 01:08:48 pm

Connected, and yet disconnected because each usage of the theme is an adaptation within a completely different context. This fact is omitted.

Reply
Jason Colavito link
3/31/2014 01:16:52 pm

Who's omitting anything? I made it quite clear that the pieces of the story are endlessly combined and recombined in different contexts.

Reply
KIF
3/31/2014 10:28:14 pm

And so therefore fringe authors like EvD have the same freedom and right to re-interpret and re-adapt the story of the Watchers as did the authors of I Enoch, the Theosophists, the Freemasons, H. P. Lovecraft, etc - devoid of the original meaning and context of the story.

The author(s) of I Enoch got it as patently wrong as the Ancient Astronauts because they put it within the framework of monotheistic Judaism from Polytheism and animal worship.

Dave Lewis
3/31/2014 01:28:11 pm

Last November Mike Heiser had a note on his web page indicating that SAGE was allowing free access to its journal for the entire month. I spent several days downloading articles that looked interesting from Journal for the Study of the New Testament, Journal for the Study of the Old Testament and Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha, including the subject article. I've only made it part way through the articles I downloaded.

The polemic use of the watchers tale makes a lot of sense. I never would have figured that on my own!

Reply
Only Me
3/31/2014 05:17:11 pm

This in-depth exploration of the Watcher story is the perfect example of the saying, "There are no new ideas. There are only new ways of making them felt".

Your research clearly illustrates why fringe authors will not and can not go to the primary sources of the myths/stories they try to use as justification for their schlock. It defeats the purpose of their "theories" when the evidence doesn't fit.

Reply
KIF
3/31/2014 10:21:50 pm

But this article proves that what the fringe authors are doing with the Watchers story is entirely consistent with how it has been treated and adapted by others - and why shouldn't the fringe authors have the same right to adapt this story in the same way? Why should the fringe writers be excluded from doing this?

And why mention the primary source when the primary source about the Watchers is off-topic because it has been adapted into so many variations - I Enoch being only one example

Reply
Jason Colavito link
3/31/2014 11:52:54 pm

You're absolutely right, KIF, that the fringe writers are the intellectual successors of the earlier myth makers. Like them, they are taking bits and pieces of previous myths, combining them with fragments of history, and creating polemics in favor of a new mythology.

Your insistence, though, that the use of a myth rather than its origin is the only important point, however, is true only when studying the cultures and religions involved. If you are interested in the transmission of stories and the continuity of belief, the connections between stories are important.

Dave Lewis
4/1/2014 07:23:01 am

Ditto what Jason said.

Plus, the fringe authors are representing their writings based on myths as factual.

Gunn
3/31/2014 05:38:44 pm

Tares in the wheat. More polemic confusion. A Christian counter-point.

Where are the watchers, the demons, hiding? Are they hiding within mostly highly esoteric non-Biblical background? Where is pure truth to counter the vexation of knowledge and understanding here?

A lie in a story of truth becomes a tare; muddied truth is hard to see. The truth about demons is revealed in the Bible, not in past pagan histories which were not canonized, writings which are unacceptable, not fold-able into pure truth, as required; discarded material.

But then again, to properly understand the concept of sacrifice is to understand a purposeful mixing of popularized, pagan sacrifice with the concept and reality of God creating a sacrifice upon Himself, in the form of Jesus Christ. God, through Abraham, met humanity where they were at.

There was the potential for human spiritual sacrifice, called off at the last second as a test, a test of FAITH, and then there was the sacrifice which was not called off. God created a remedy, a redemption, salvation, through the sacrifice of His own Son, and through FAITH, for without FAITH it is impossible to please God. Now, in modern times, the idea of blood sacrifice seems primitive, but it was not always so.

From my viewpoint, God winnowed things down to the inspired, final version of His Word we read today. In my opinion, the most accurate information about Watchers, or demons, or fallen angels, is from God's Word, not from outside sources.

Also, one should know what the real truth looks like before exploring such muddied waters. Experts in detecting counterfeit money start out by knowing what the real McCoy looks like first, then it's easier to spot fakes. Demonology is a vast study, which can also be dangerous. Mostly, we need truth, not background.

As an aside, I wonder if the pillars at Rosslyn Chapel are connected in any way with the above abstract discussion? How are the pillars at Rosslyn Chapel related to this blog heading , if at all?

And why was prematurely carving a marvelous, intricate pillar reason enough to be murdered? What was the motive? Jealousy, or something else too, perhaps? What? Something to do with...wisdom...an unauthorized or premature portrayal of certain knowledge or wisdom? Or just pure jealousy and anger? (Curious to know.)

Reply
word
3/31/2014 09:48:57 pm

"Do not, people of your kind (human beings), man and woman of Earth, bow down before gods, because they are falsehoods and inventions and lies made by people of your kind (human beings) who, in the delusion, became believers by inventing untrue higher mights and praying to them; you shall not do as they do and shall not pray either to them nor to their invented gods.

Why do you harm and slaughter your proclaimers, your prophets, who bring you the teaching of the truth, teach ing of the life, teaching of the spirit, if you believe yourselves to be so knowing and human; and truly it has been since time immemorial only the real proclaimers, the prophets, who taught you the truth, but you preferred to listen to the false priests of your imaginary god, your tin gods, so you have fallen prey to them in worship and have become malefactors (irresponsible ones) against the truth of the fruitfulness (Creation) and its laws and recommendations.

Why do you harm and slaughter your proclaimers, your prophets, who bring you the teaching of the truth, teach ing of the life, teaching of the spirit, if you believe yourselves to be so knowing and human; and truly it has been since time immemorial only the real proclaimers, the prophets, who taught you the truth, but you preferred to listen to the false priests of your imaginary god, your tin gods, so you have fallen prey to them in worship and have become malefactors (irresponsible ones) against the truth of the fruitfulness (Creation) and its laws and recommendations."

Reply
KIF
3/31/2014 10:18:09 pm

Get down on your knees and pray

Matt Mc
4/1/2014 02:28:05 am

I am no fan of Gunn's religious ranting but I see no need to mock or make fun of the fact of his belief system. While I might not agree with him I certainly respect his choice to believe.

KIF
4/1/2014 02:42:57 am

The Church is the place for that sort of thing

Gunn
4/1/2014 04:01:33 am

The Church? Indeed, believers are the Church, even without a building. We who believe are the Church, the Body of Christ. Churches are nice, but unnecessary...yet it is good to gather in His name.

And, yes, this can be done here, today, on April Fool's Day. Two of us can gather together at this blog-Church in His name, and we may end up fooling some fools--who are fools by Biblical definition. (You don't need to take my word for it. Ha! Ha!)

May we "lighten-up" on this foolish day?

Jason Christopher , Capps
9/20/2018 11:15:43 pm

Hey I really appreciate your interest in this message I live in the Golden Triangle BMt Texas It's a earth Chackras Vortex's and I've had a Kundlian Awaking Years ago the Holy Spirt,goosbumps And Matrix type signs of.Lead my message . JASON Society sGods and Goddesses and the Universal Spirit Keep up the good work Kcc

Reply
Byron DeLear link
4/3/2014 10:45:09 am

Love the Enoch chart! Great research Jason. The fitness of stories and memes is explored by tracking their evolution; people see something they like about a tale and adopt it while grafting it onto their own shtick. As the Teacher (Koheleth) said in a rare bit of Biblical nihilistic writ: "What has been will be again, what has been done will be done again; there is nothing new under the sun."

Reply
Mike lobb
5/9/2015 02:46:01 pm

Christians preach in church it's not needed here. The bible proclaims the whore (inanna) shall ride the beast (fenir). There you have knowledge consolidated for biblical text from previous culture. Tyr of the norse on a tou cross ooh so was christ. The sabbatical year taken for the bible like easter from oestre. Wow we are getting pretty pagan here. There are manymore examples. We do not judge you, the bibbible that was put together around 900 ad. Splinters within the christian faith claiming to be the true one. Having pagan stain glass windows, green man faces on fonts and so much more. I can write so much more if you wish.

Reply
Siward Beorn
6/16/2015 11:30:22 am

How to doth the heathen who has no knowledge of christianity with myths of watchers fallen angels or gods have links to said scriptures predating such events! Even down to the words nuah an the deluge
! Big words and great teachings bowever ever deflecting from the point of the article its an inturpritation, a authouritive licence if u will as lobb points out even the norse knew! However well written by jason! Its all just a smoke screen ditracting from the facts! Pointed out that the masons believe in the watchers or the traveller! Food for thought love what uve done however think lobb should write more an forpart his knowledge maybe in another blog prompted by you jase x
P. L. L. No offense intended to anyone! Plz exscuse typos! NJOY KNOWLEDGE AND SHARE IT ALWAYS!
EMPATHY WITH OTHERS BELIEFS IS KNOWLEDGE EVEN IF U DONT AGREE WITH IT! IT GIVES YOU INSIGHT X

Reply
Jason Christopher , Capps
9/20/2018 11:17:51 pm

Awesome work Blessings Jccccccc

Reply

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