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Turkish President Cites Fringe History Claims, Leads Turks to Visit My Website

11/17/2014

35 Comments

 
I’m big in Turkey this week! One of the questions I get a lot is why I bother writing rebuttals to ridiculous ideas that no right-thinking person could possibly believe. This week I got my answer. Over the weekend no less a world figure that the president of Turkey spouted fringe history nonsense, telling a conference of Latin American Muslim leaders that Islamic sailors discovered the Americas in 1178, and that a mosque they left behind later surprised Christopher Columbus when he sailed around Cuba.
“Contacts between Latin America and Islam date back to the 12th century. Muslims discovered America in 1178, not Christopher Columbus,” Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan said, in a translation published by the AFP. “Muslim sailors arrived in America from 1178. Columbus mentioned the existence of a mosque on a hill on the Cuban coast.”

The Independent gave the translation differently:
It is alleged that the American continent was discovered by Columbus in 1492. In fact, Muslim sailors reached the American continent 314 years before Columbus, in 1178. […] Columbus mentioned the existence of a mosque on a hill on the Cuban coast... I would like to talk about it to my Cuban brothers. A mosque would go perfectly on the hill today.
I wrote about this issue back in 2013 (and again earlier this month), during my week of coverage of claims that Muslim sailors had discovered America in the Middle Ages. Oddly, the original claim what that they had sailed to America before 947 CE, following claims by Al-Mas‘udi in Meadows of Gold and Mines of Gems 12. Instead, Erdogan is making a slightly confused reference to the so-called “Sung Document,” more formally the Ling-wai tai-ta of Chou Ch’a-fei which refers to a Muslim land called Mu-lan-p’i, which some writers argue does not refer as it would seem to Moorish Spain and Morocco but rather to America. In Chinese the name Mu-lan-p’i can refer to either large ships or to lands “far beyond the Western Sea of the Arabs.” The claim that this land was America was proposed in 1961 by Hui-Lin Li. Its description is as fanciful as that other Chinese text supposedly about America, the one detailing the wonders of Fusang. They are both likely wild fantasies.

Erdogan, in his comments, refers obliquely to a passage in Columbus’s Journal of the First Voyage from October 29, 1492, which is repeated in slightly different form in Bartolomé de las Casas’s Historia de las Indias at 1.44. What is published today as Columbus’s journal is not the original writings by Columbus but a collection of excerpts and summaries made by Las Casas, for the original texts are lost. Las Casas used them for his Historia, and his notes were published by Martin Fernandez de Navarette in Colección de los viajes y descubrimientos in 1825. If that seems confusing, the text itself makes plain that no mosque is involved:
Remarking on the position of the river and port, to which he [Columbus] gave the name of San Salvador, he describes its mountains as lofty and beautiful, like the Peña de las Enamoradas, and one of them has another little hill on its summit, like a graceful mosque. The other river and port, in which he now was, has two round mountains to the S.W., and a fine low cape running out to the W.S.W.
As I reported last year (and news outlets like Al-Jazeera and the Washington Post also noted), the claim that this figurative language referred to a real mosque was popularized in 1996 by Youssef Mroueh of the As-Sunnah Foundation of America. The Post also cited Mroueh’s claim that Muslims sailed from the Canaries to America, which I reported last year is based on a hoax text published by a Spanish writer in the 1800s. I published the first English translation (that I know about) of that hoax text.

For those interested in the spread of claims for Muslim discovery of America, I direct you again to Richard V. Francaviglia of Willamette University, who wrote about the topic at great length (36 pages) in an article called “Beyond the Western Sea of the Arabs” in the September 2014 edition of Terrae Incognitae (46, no. 2).

At any rate, as a result of Erdogan’s comments, visits to my website from Turkey have exploded, and my articles on Islamic voyages to America have gone viral on Turkish discussion boards and social media. So, when someone asks why I evaluate extreme claims about history, this is a perfect example. Extreme claims find their way into public discourse for the most unusual of reasons.
Refreshing My Graphics
Last night I began rolling out some updated graphics and a modified color scheme to help my website look fresher and more modern. This is only the second major change I’ve made to the website since it launched in 2010. My first graphics package lasted from 2010 to 2012, and the second version from 2012 to 2014. After two years, the old graphics were looking a little dated. The most noticeable of the changes is the title card that welcomes visitors to my website. 
Picture
The new graphics better capture the evolving flavor of my website and finally retire the Douris Cup logo I added to my page in 2010 when I was marketing Jason and the Argonauts through the Ages to publishers. I deemphasized the Douris Cup in 2012, and now it is gone from the main page. The new graphics feature a range of symbols related to various facets of fringe history, including aliens, Atlantis, the Eye of Horus, the Illuminati, the Nephilim, and more, and I’ve linked them with a web of glowing green lines symbolizing the connections between aspects of fringe history.

This web of connections overlays a picture of the ruins of Babylon and an image of a globe rotated to show North America. The black-and-white design of the background is an evolution away from the heavy use of green in my previous logo, and the combination of stone and a gray earth also recalls the imagery of Universal Horror, a nod to the connection between fringe history and speculative fiction. I’ve also toned down the header to a richer shade of green.

I’ll continue tweaking the graphics over the next few weeks, and I’ll gradually be replacing many of the supporting graphics with updated versions. I hope to use the image of a little green box with a fringe history symbol as a unifying theme to link graphics. We’ll see how well it goes, but the new blog logo is my (rough) draft of how that might work.
35 Comments
Uncle Ron
11/17/2014 06:43:01 am

Love the hooked-X in there ;-)

Reply
Scott Hamilton
11/17/2014 07:06:33 am

And a sirrush for a soupçon of cryptozoology.

Reply
EP
11/17/2014 07:10:44 am

"as a result of Erdogan’s comments, visits to my website from Turkey have exploded"

Does this mean that if we express support for independent Kurdistan or question Ataturk's sexuality we can expect to get flamed in poor English? :P

Reply
the wise one
11/17/2014 09:10:34 am

Dude... like be good for once!
Lets let the site simmer down!

Reply
EP
11/17/2014 09:45:42 am

Your approval is extremely important to everyone on this blog, . - especially myself.

Cathleen Anderson
11/17/2014 07:44:56 am

'Of course, neither Columbus nor Muslim explorers “discovered” the Americas. Indigenous people had long lived on the continent, cultivating their own civilizations and culture.'

quoted from an article on this in The Beast.
http://www.thedailybeast.com/cheats/2014/11/16/erdogan-muslims-discovered-america.html?source=TDB&via=FB_Page&template=cheat&account=thedailybeast&medium=twitter

Reply
BlueBuzzards
11/17/2014 08:27:23 am

I would recommend a subtler drop shadow on the logo, and closer to a 90 degree angle. In Photoshop, settings such as this:

Opacity:47%
Distance:2px
Spread:3%
Size:5px

Reply
Jason Colavito link
11/17/2014 08:50:51 am

I appreciate your suggestions. Which logo are you referring to?

Reply
BlackBuzzards
11/17/2014 09:17:52 am

Your site-wide logo on the header. If a drop shadow is to be used at all, a slight and subtle approach always looks more professional.

Jason Colavito link
11/17/2014 09:50:36 am

Thanks. I've gone through about 10 iterations, but I haven't managed to get it light enough. I'll give it another pass.

Jason Colavito link
11/17/2014 10:06:14 am

I think I've got it this time! I used your suggested values, and I think it came out pretty well. Thanks!

BrownBuzzards
11/17/2014 10:36:38 am

Looks great!

Not the Comte de Saint Germain
11/17/2014 09:09:08 am

While we're talking about graphics, Jason, I'm just idly curious about the image in the black background. It's obviously an archaic Greek temple, but which one? Did you choose it for any particular reason?

Reply
.
11/17/2014 09:24:46 am

Corinth??? We can see the remaining
pillars.of the temple to Apollo from the
inside looking out. The Romans sacked
the city, aand they later on sacked Palmyra.

http://www.visit-ancient-greece.com/temple-of-apollo.html.

Reply
Jason Colavito link
11/17/2014 10:10:53 am

It's a 19th century image of the ruins of Corinth. I chose it because it had a suitably ancient feel without being instantly recognizable (like the Parthenon) and distracting, and because I like Greek mythology. This particular photo I used because it's from the Library of Congress and I can use it for free without paying for rights.

Reply
Not the Comte de Saint Germain
11/17/2014 10:25:42 am

Thanks.

EP
11/17/2014 10:14:39 am

Jason, for what it's worth, the graphics look out of place superimposed on your black-and-white photo. I really like the graphics themselves, however.

Reply
Jason Colavito link
11/17/2014 12:53:27 pm

I'm experimenting. I'll look at it again tomorrow with fresh eyes and decide whether to keep it.

Reply
J,A Dickey
11/17/2014 10:22:28 am

Jason, the Basques were fishing
at the Georges Bank in A.D 1000.
The American Museum of Natural History
assumes this was a secret for 500
years, but this does not rule out the
Moors, Egyptians and the Turks.
The head of Turkey may be 100% correct
assuming that the Basques had neighbors.
It also makes sense to dry and salt cod
on a shore or beach. Technically the
Vikings and the Basques did beat out
Columbus and also maybe so did the Turks.


http://www.amnh.org/explore/science-bulletins/bio/documentaries/will-the-fish-return/the-sorry-story-of-georges-bank

Reply
Cathleen Anderson
11/17/2014 10:52:23 am

And none of that matters since there were people there already. This does nothing for any kind of ownership claim, because that was/is theft.

Reply
Titus pullo
11/17/2014 12:29:58 pm

By your logic the Iroquois stole land from the algonquins. And I don't even want to go to the middleast and israel. America was discovered only in terms of Europe and later Asia in the modern era moving large numbers of people and creating modern nation states. The original paleo indians were cut off from contact with say the rest of the world. As for theft, yes and no. All history shoukd be respected because we are all humans first.

Joseph Craven
11/17/2014 06:12:49 pm

It has nothing to do with who owns the land, it has to do with bragging rights. "You think you're so special? We were there hundreds of years before you!"

Ratbark
11/18/2014 05:28:59 pm

It's really a comment that is wasting space. Every single discovery in the history of the world is referenced as a discovery to the person or people that discover it for themselves. I discovered that the cathedral ceiling in my attic makes it difficult to get to the other side of the house. But wait, the builder allready knew that so its not a discovery to me at all, right? It would be a discovery to the builder? Who while building my house stood back and said, hmm that's going to be tricky to cross. Or actually I guess in your mind the initial discovery would be due to the first person in the world to realize that it's tough to cross a cathedral ceiling in the attic due to slope, limited space, and insulation concealing trusses for proper footing

Titus pullo
11/17/2014 12:36:14 pm

I don't believe Moslems had the vessels capable of sailing the Atlantic. They didn't leave any records of wind patterns in either the mud atlantic or North Atlantic. And why would they go? They had a monopoly on indian to Europe trade until the 15th century. No economic reason to attempt to cross the Atlantic.

Reply
Ratbark
11/18/2014 05:38:06 pm

That's what I have always wondered about. They had no good reason to cross the Atlantic. When viewed from 30,000 feet and viewing the issue to cross or not in terms of a civilization deciding to do something. But in today's society, rich people do crazy stuff all the tiime. I guess rich people didn't do stupid stuff in antiquity ? No Richard Branton or whatever his name is with virgin deciding to bankroll a ship to sail straight across the Atlantic? Also every scrap of text that is found is serious text serving a purpose, yet today the bookshelves are filled with drivel. Again nothing that we find is fiction, it's all fact?

Reply
terry the censor
11/17/2014 06:54:00 pm

Online graphics are so fancy these days. In the mid-'90s, a site like this would just be a grey brick wall with clip art of Moses wrestling an alien.


Reply
EP
11/18/2014 02:51:39 am

That... sounds kinda awesome, actually...

Reply
BillUSA
11/17/2014 07:19:30 pm

Just as I was brushing up on Viking credit for discovering America and trying to conjure a new name for the District of Columbia (District of Eriksonia?) along comes this piece about Islamic credit. How does the District of Mu-lan-p'i grab ya?

Reply
Jerky
11/17/2014 11:18:02 pm

I like the District of Sitting Bull better.

Reply
EP
11/18/2014 02:52:13 am

+1

PaulN. link
11/19/2014 10:00:03 am

According to the news services Erdogan is apparently fighting a losing battle against his critics. He stil maintains that his beliefs are correct and everybody who disagrees is either a fool or deluded.
On a side note, how's the weather out there. Have you been snowed in yet. Out here in the bay area we are getting our first decent rain since last April.

Reply
EP
11/19/2014 10:28:33 am

Ergodan: "You guys, getting American media to portray me for audiences worldwide as an ignoramus who embarrassed Turkey totally won't backfire!" LOL

Reply
EP
11/19/2014 10:36:12 am

According to multiple sources, Erdogan is really digging in and even "has instructed Turkey’s educational institutions to adopt a policy of highlighting the contribution of Islam to global science and arts, including the discovery of the American continent by Muslim sailors some 300 years before Columbus."

http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/erdogan-vows-to-teach-turkish-children-muslim-discovery-of-americas.aspx?pageID=238&nID=74485&NewsCatID=338

This is also interesting, not just in its own right, but due to the wealth of links to sources:

http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/11/turkey-muslim-conquest-america-columbus-erdogan.html

Reply
Peter Uwira
11/21/2014 07:55:54 am

Yesterday Colbert had a piece about it:
http://thecolbertreport.cc.com/videos/fie7ef/threatdown---declining-standards-of-sexiness--people-who-eat-chocolate---invaders-of-the-new-world
Erdogan/Columbus starts at 4:30

Reply
Coridan
11/21/2014 06:05:48 pm

Have you thought about going to a 16:9 layout? I would imagine most people have widescreen monitors nowadays.

Reply



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