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Was Einstein Reading "Worlds in Collision" When He Died?

7/1/2013

24 Comments

 
You’ll recall that back in May I wrote about the weird claim that at his death Einstein left open upon his desk Helena Blavatsky’s Secret Doctrine. I debunked that claim and traced it back as far as it could go, to one of Blavatsky’s relatives two decades after the fact, but today I’ve discovered a new wrinkle that I think helps explain something more about this strange idea.

Alternative researcher Laird Scranton published a book on The Velikovsky Heresies last year, and in it he claims to prove that midcentury pseudoscientist Immanuel Velikovsky (1895-1979), author of Worlds in Collision (1950), was right about Venus being a comet. That’s neither here nor there, but I just came across this book today, and look what I found on the back cover:

By updating this unresolved controversy with new scientific evidence, Scranton helps us to understand how it was that Worlds in Collision was the one book found open on Albert Einstein’s desk at the time of his death.

Doesn’t that sound familiar? It’s just like the apocryphal claim about Blavatsky’s book! Tracing back this claim to its ultimate source is a bit challenging, though. The 2009 edition of Worlds in Collision, edited by his two daughters, Shulamit V. Kogan and Ruth V. Sharon, states the following about Velikovsky:

After moving to Princeton in the fifties he had a close and friendly relationship with Albert Einstein, discussing his theories with him. After Einstein’s death Velikovsky’s Worlds in Collision was found open on his desk.

Now where did this little idea come from? It apparently stems from Velikovsky’s own work. In Worlds in Collision, Velikovsky claimed that Jupiter was a “dark star” rather than the commonly-accepted view of the 1950s that it was a frozen ball of ice. According to a later account Velikovsky wrote, he asked scientists to investigate whether Jupiter emitted “radio noises” (radio signals) like the sun and the stars do, and he sent a letter to Albert Einstein in June 1954 repeating the claim and telling Einstein “should you wish” to have the claim tested, it would be easy to do.

On April 6, 1955, scientists B. F. Burke and K. L. Franklin announced that Jupiter emitted just such “radio noise,” and Velikovsky said that he discussed the news with Einstein on April 8. The scientist died on April 18. Velikovsky later claimed, in the unpublished (and apparently undated) “Before the Day Breaks,” that Einstein said to Velikovsky at their final meeting on April 8, “I have again read Worlds in Collision. It is a book of immeasurable importance…” How you take this depends on the credence you place in Velikovsky’s memory years or decades after the fact.

Let me stipulate right now that Einstein and Velikovsky were friends for many decades, and there is no doubt that Einstein did read Worlds in Collision. The only question is whether that volume was open on his desk on April 18, 1955.

The contemporary accounts contradict Velikovsky’s claim somewhat. Einstein’s letter to Velikovsky of the preceding month implies that Velikovsky’s memory is a bit off. In the letter of March 17, 1955, Einstein wrote to Velikovsky:

Den ersten Band der Memoiren zu “Worlds in Collision” habe ich bereits aufmerksam gelesen und mit einigen leicht zu radeirenden Randbemerkungen versehen.

I have already carefully read the first volume of the memoirs to “Worlds in Collision,” and have supplied it with a few marginal notes in pencil that can be easily erased.


This places things in a new context. Einstein did not rush to reread Worlds in Collision because of Jupiter—indeed, how could he in the less than 48 hours between the scientific announcement on April 6 and their meeting on April 8, especially since he had written to Velikovsky a few weeks earlier about the crush of papers and manuscripts he had been trying to get through?—but rather he was continuing his usual practice of offering feedback on Velikovsky’s work. (He offered feedback to many people whose ideas were even less credible, as was his wont.) The memoirs in question were eventually published as Stargazers and Gravediggers in 1983. But even if we accept Velikovsky’s later claim at face value, it still implies Einstein finished rereading the older book a week before dying.

Many photographs were taken of Einstein’s desk in the hours after his death, and as you can see from this Life magazine photograph, neither Worlds in Collision nor The Secret Doctrine was open on his desk. In fact, the next item on his to-read pile was the Literary Guide from a rationalist society.

Picture
Einstein's desk at his death. (Life Magazine)
Velikovsky’s own daughter, Ruth Sharon, wrote in her 1995 biography of her father that Einstein’s secretary, Helen Dukas, objected to the claim that Worlds in Collision sat on Einstein’s desk in his final hours.

So how did Velikovsky’s unpublished dicta become the claim that Einstein had Velikovsky’s book on his desk at the time of his death? The answer appears to be that Reader’s Digest made it so. In a December 1975 article summarizing approvingly Velikovsky’s theories, called “When the Sky Rained Fire” by Emmy-winning journalist Fred Warshofsky, we find the claim, wildly distorted from what Velikovsky and Einstein had actually said:

Ten months later, early in 1955, astronomers at the Carnegie Institution were shocked to hear strong radio signals pouring in from Jupiter. When Einstein heard the news, he emphatically declared that he would use his influence to have Velikovsky’s theory put to experimental test. Nine days later he died—a copy of Worlds in Collision open on his desk.

The article was collected verbatim in Warshofsky’s Doomsday: The Science of Catastrophe the following year. I’m not familiar with all of Warshofsky’s work, but I know that he has been criticized in the past for sloppy scholarship and misinterpreting his sources, particularly in his misuse of scientific findings to support Flood geology.

I am not able to trace the claim back any farther than Warshovsky, and all later versions I can find that name a source name his Reader’s Digest article.

Note, though, that in this case Warshofsky is contradicted by Velikovsky himself, who never reported that Einstein would “use his influence”—in fact, the urging went the other way, with Velikovsky suggesting to Einstein that he should have Velikovsky’s claims tested. Neither was emphatic about it at all. Warshofsky does not name his source for the colorful detail about Worlds in Collision on Einstein’s desk, but it seems to derive in part from Einstein’s letter talking about reading the draft of Velikovsky’s memoir in March 1955, which Warshofsky probably confused for the original book because he was not aware that the memoir was a different, unpublished (at that point) title that for the moment shared the most of the same name as its predecessor. Thus, Warshofsky would have falsely concluded that Velikovsky proposed an idea, Einstein rushed to re-read Worlds in Collision, and then radio signals from Jupiter drove Einstein to more contemplation of the 1950 book.

However, since the claim that Blavatsky’s Secret Doctrine “always” sat on Einstein’s desk was published at least as early as 1971, Warshofsky may also have simply mixed up his pseudoscience books and falsely reported that Velikovsky and not Blavatsky was the great scientist’s final reading. This is not entirely clear since the actual claim that Secret Doctrine was still there at Einstein’s death seems to date only from 1983, leaving open the possibility that Warshofsky’s claim came first or that the two mutually pollinated one another in building a modern myth.

Despite these facts, both claims—that Worlds in Collision sat on Einstein’s desk and that Einstein praised the book at his final meeting with Velikovsky—appear at face value in Michael D. Gordin’s much-praised book about the Velikovsky controversy, The Pseudoscience Wars (2012), which makes me question what else the author took at face value.

24 Comments
Titus pullo
7/1/2013 01:17:24 pm

When I was a freshman physics major at Miami university in 1981 I came across this book in the library and read it. I was one of those UFO junkies as a kid and somewhat predisposed to alternative theories. My physics prof used to have happy hour at a local pub and we would just all talk physics. I brought up the book and he pointed out as a father does a son the problems with the theory. It seems wic was like chariots of the gods for his generation...bad science. He was a great prof and unlike so many university profs who only care about research and publishing he viewed his role was to create critical thinkers. Not many like him around today.

Reply
Wolf Lorber
8/14/2014 04:56:42 am

Please do this highly-regarded professor the honor of naming him.

Reply
Martin J. Clemens link
7/6/2013 02:16:32 pm

Great article!

Outside of the implied assertion, how does his reading of Worlds in Collision, whether at the time of his death or otherwise, in any way prove that Einstein endorsed Velikovsky's theory about Jupiter?

I shudder to think what light I will be cast in when I die, based on the strange books I may have on my nightstand.

Reply
Jim Warner
7/13/2013 04:57:23 am

That book on the desk in the LIFE photo - could be anything, maybe a copy of Dianetics which was also controversial at the time.

Reply
Ross
7/13/2013 09:41:18 am

It is widely known that Einstein always carried a copy of DIANETICS. He spent hours upon hours in the crapper with it. Hubbard was Einstein's guru.

Reply
PurrlGurrl
7/13/2013 11:06:02 am

I read WIC as a young teen, and it fascinated me to find that there were alternative theories to how the universe worked that weren't what I was being taught in school.

In the years since it's been very clear that Veikovsky's Jupiter/Venus theory was deeply flawed. Nevertheless some of the cultural questions his book raised never have been adequately answered, in my view. There might have been an event with varying levels of world-wide impact that shaped our planet (and our mythologies) during Homo sapiens early history. Velikovsky just got it all wrong.

In its defense, WIC had the effect of opening my youthful eyes to the fact we live in a highly dynamic universe and are vulnerable to its whims. Thanks in part to the book, I've grown up with no illusions that we have control over our world or our lives. You might be surprised at how adaptable that viewpoint allows one to be.

Reply
Jason Colavito link
7/13/2013 11:14:23 am

Genetic studies indicate that there may have been a near-extinction level event in the human past, but this would have been long before civilization. That said, we know that the ancients experienced occasional encounters with meteors, though again nothing like Velikovsky's Venus comet.

Reply
Wolf Lorber
9/28/2014 10:04:28 am

Is it possible based on physical laws, for an invasive body (comet Venus) interacting with Mars to have achieved a stable orbit (planet Venus) within about 100,000 to 300,000 years? Though pre-civilization, this would place WIC events within the collective memory of ancestors who had rudiments of speech.

phoenix link
10/12/2013 11:05:13 pm

i highly suggest you look into "electric universe" theory or "plasma cosmology" which is the actual science that explains the things that Velikofski couldn't. Some great videos on youtube. Anthony Perrat, David Talbot, and Wal Thornhill, among others, have actual papers and theories, some of which are lab tested. Fascinating stuff.

Reply
Chris Reeve
9/26/2014 02:11:30 pm

Yes, indeed.

I have to admit that I did in fact enjoy this investigator’s analysis. However, it seems that he is lingering about the edge of the rabbit hole, not quite sure what to make of it!

He could just follow the accurate predictions. Like this one made, but only about to come to pass …

https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2014/08/16/rosetta-mission-predictions/

Is that quaint to judge a theory by its predictions these days?

Reply
Lippy
6/29/2014 04:08:43 am


Let me stipulate right now that Einstein and Velikovsky were friends for many decades, and there is no doubt that Einstein did read Worlds in Collision.


It was August 1952, eight or ten weeks after we moved to Princeton. Elisheva and I sat on a bench at the boathouse on the shore of Carnegie Lake, which sprawls in the valley only a few minutes’ walk from our home, and talked with the boatman. We saw a tiny boat with a sail approaching the anchorage. An elderly man with his head covered by a wide-brimmed hat against the rays of the setting sun came from the boat and, going toward the boathouse, looked at us with his friendly smile. Only now I recognized Einstein. I approached him and named myself.
“Ah, you are the man who brought the planets into disorder,” said he in German, and the smile disappeared from his face. He was carrying the oars into the boathouse. I made a move to help him, but he kept the oars. I heard a challenge in this greeting and said:
“I would like an occasion to meet you and discuss. . . .”
“But what do you know of astronomy?” he said dryly.
“I know to put questions,” I said, or only thought so.
“Not one of these days, sometime later,” he said.
“May I write you?”
“Do it,” he said, and was already a bit impatient to be away—his home is at the other end of town. His car moved on the unpaved road that runs along Carnegie Lake, and Elisheva and I went home, uphill, only several hundred feet from the mooring platform.

Friends?

Reply
Martin J. Clemens link
9/26/2014 02:31:34 pm

Einstein didn't drive, so what does the line about his car moving on the unpaved road mean?

I have to assume that's a quoted passage from a book, which one?

Reply
Wolf Lorber
9/26/2014 05:54:51 pm

Why not, from this account, consider that Einstein DID drive? It seems credible.

David Talbott link
2/9/2017 05:24:39 pm

I was the publisher of the 10-issue Pensée magazine series, "Immanuel Velikovsky Reconsidered" from 1972 to 1974, and as such got to know the man rather well.

Having been driven around Princeton by Velikovsky himself in the late 70s, I can attest that he DID indeed drive! :)

Also, by Velikovsky's and later Elisheva's accounts to me personally, it's clear that Elisheva and Einstein did frequently play music together.

I've also personally seen photocopies of correspondence from Einstein to Velikovsky showing great sympathy for Velikovsky's plight, though avoiding endorsement of his specific claims. It seems clear as well that the discovery of radio noises from Jupiter, as predicted by Velikovsky, provoked genuine interest and perhaps some direct help from Einstein.

It has also said that Einstein edited the mathematics and physics section of Velikovsky's publication, Scripta Universitatis Atque Bibliothecae Hierosolymitanarum, devoted to publishing articles by leading Jewish scholars and scientists. The fact is that Velikovsky was a distinguished scholar in his original field, which was psychoanalysis—a good starting pointing for someone seeking to bring to light the collective patterns of human "memory," both explicit and unconscious.

David Talbott link
2/9/2017 05:35:55 pm

Well, I was sent to this article by someone asking if Velikovsky drove. My understanding, from Velikovsky himself, is that Einstein did not drive. But it appears I answered the wrong question in the previous.

Robert Carnegie
7/5/2017 02:53:06 am

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsa_Einstein refers to Einstein's wife as "the driving force" And says that she died in 1936, but I hope I have made the point. Someone else may have been the driver.

Undoubtedly Herr Velikovsky completely made up this stuff about the planet Venus being spat out of Jupiter and - if I remember my Carl Sagan book - naturally producing all the odd events of the bible Book of Exodus; the Ten Plagues of Egypt, the Parting of the Red Sea, startling Moses into dropping and breaking the Ten Commandments written on stone as depicted in Mel Brooks' documentary "The History of the World Part One" , all that. Why shouldn't he have made up this Einstein person as well?

Chris Reeve link
7/5/2017 02:21:43 pm

Although people may disagree on the details, the idea that something important happened with Venus in human-historical times is bolstered by several lines of argumentation:

(1) Venus' feminine attribute, which traces to its former cometary appearance.

What Gives Venus its Feminine Attribute?
https://plus.google.com/+ChrisReeveOnlineScientificDiscourseIsBroken/posts/eGtuAftZALi

(2) Plato himself explains that the myths trace back to solar system upheaval.

From Plato's Dialogues at https://books.google.com/books?id=6IJEAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA367&lpg=PA367

"Phaethon, the son of Helios, having yoked the steeds in his father's chariot, because he was not able to drive them in the path of his father, burned up all that was upon the earth, and was himself destroyed by a thunderbolt. Now, this has the form of a myth, but really signifies a declination of the bodies moving around the earth and in the heavens, and a great conflagration of things upon the earth recurring at long intervals of time"

... then further on ...

"All of these stories, and ten thousand others which are still more wonderful, have a common origin; many of them have been lost in the lapse of ages, or exist only as fragments; but the origin of them is what no one has told"

(3) Venus pops up frequently in the Pagan archetypes:

https://books.google.com/books?id=XPms57v-_w0C&pg=PT125&lpg=PT125&dq=venus+greek+newcomer&source=bl&ots=RY7zuDc5t7&sig=CyGlEmxBEA52Thp1yrrVfChkMF4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi315uSw4XRAhVS9mMKHRQ2Bzo4ChDoAQgaMAA#v=onepage&q&f=false

Venus and the Cosmic Connection

"Repeatedly, these calamities were attributed to a malicious deity almost invariably a goddess coming to wreak havoc upon the Earth. Although the actual names naturally varied, the deity involved turned out time and time again to be the one that cultures worldwide associated with the object we know today as the planet Venus. But they didn't talk about it as if it were a planet -- they described it as a comet. A Chinese text describes Venus as spanning the heavens, rivaling the Sun in brightness. Mexican astronomers referred to it as 'the star that smokes,' while on the opposite side of the world the same theme is found in the Hindu Vedas, the Hebrew Talmud, and the Egyptian description of Sekhmet. The Aztecs called Venus the 'heart' of Quetzlcoatl, which in turn means 'plumed serpent,' with feathers that signify fire. The serpent or dragon is one of the most common figures used in the ancient world to signify 'comet,' examples being the Greek Typhon, Egyptian Set, Babylonian Tiamat, Hindu Vrta, all of whom raged across the sky and brought destruction upon the world.

The word 'comet' comes from the Greek coma, meaning hair, and among ancient astronomers referred to a star with hair, or a beard. The same appellation was given to Venus. One of the Mexican names for Venus was 'the mane' -- the Peruvian name, chaska, means 'wavy-haired'; the Arabs call Venus 'the one with hair.' One of the most vivid comet images is the Babylonian goddess Ishtar, recognized universally as representing Venus. Ishtar is described as being 'the bright torch of heaven,' 'clothed in fire,' and the 'fearful dragon,' while her heavenly manifestation is known as the 'bearded star.'"

Martin J. Clemens link
9/27/2014 05:20:59 am

According to all of his biographers, from Walter Isaacson to Dennis Brian. It's a common knowledge factoid. He never learned to drive, never got a driver's license. He rode a bicycle around Princeton.

Reply
Wolf Lorber
9/28/2014 09:36:22 am

For years I rode a bike around town, but also owned (and occasionally drove) a car, and I was not the only one. Perhaps Einstein also drove and biked. Absence of state record of a license, considering his fame, should not be taken as decisive.

Reply
Raphael link
12/11/2015 09:48:03 am

Laird Scranton who wrote about Dogon mysteries etc. suffers from cognitive dissonance.

I asked why he had NOT brought to the attention of his loyal flock the connections between Dogon 'granary' symbolism and the 'stupa' found in the east.

https://at37.wordpress.com/2013/01/07/swastika-alternating-squares-and-circles/
he continues to ignore the swastika and he promotes 'yellow journalism'

false prophets promote nonsense to capture market share
the explanation is simpleton

cheers

Reply
NeeAnderTall
4/17/2018 04:30:24 am

I have posted this question on Reddit with a small bit I found in C.J.Ransom's 1976 book The Age of Velikovsky and referenced your Blog. Thanks for providing an insightful explanation to this mystery. My Link: https://www.reddit.com/r/Thunderbolts/comments/8cuxzr/did_einstein_have_velikovskys_book_worlds_in/?st=jg3e5k7z&sh=c7386c44

Reply
maeve
7/21/2018 12:53:58 pm

I've been reading up on this and somehow I wish to see beyond all the pseudo-sci-fi folklore and make connections and research connect more and onward. If anyone has cool references or conspiracies that can't be found by own devices, feel free to put it out there.
'

Reply
Chris Reeve link
7/21/2018 03:14:19 pm

(1) Read my article on Tracking Scientific Controversies here:

https://www.scientificexploration.org/edgescience/32

(2) Watch my presentation explaining Controversies of Science here:

EU2016 Part 1 - What We Failed to Learn from the Moonshot
https://plus.google.com/+ChrisReeveOnlineScientificDiscourseIsBroken/posts/14GWK5FqhAy

EU2016 Part 2 - Controversy-First Edu/Reporting
https://plus.google.com/+ChrisReeveOnlineScientificDiscourseIsBroken/posts/cqXc3mgxBdy

(3) Subscribe to the Controversies of Science G+ collection here:

Controversies of Science
https://plus.google.com/collection/Yhn4Y

(4) Follow me on Twitter at @controscience, where I expose science journalists and academics to electrical cosmology.

(5) Check out my search portal at ...

http://www.controversiesofscience.com

(6) Learn about the subject-object transformation in my article here:

Science as a Personal Journey
https://www.thunderbolts.info/wp/2017/10/03/science-as-a-personal-journey/

You can become an expert in scientific controversies. It does not matter if you are a scientist or not. What matters is how you spend your time, what you focus yourself on. Once you know where the cutting edge of science is happening, it opens up a whole new world of science that is PARTICIPATORY because VERY IMPORTANT THINGS are happening RIGHT NOW in the space sciences especially - and you will never know this if all you do is read popular science journalism.

Reply
William Whittingham
2/15/2020 09:01:06 pm

You debunkers are so full of it. And yourselves.

There, I do to you what you did to Velikovski how do you like it.

Only what I do is do it while you are alive.

You so-called "debunkers" are the ones who need to be debunked.

A psychiatrist could clearly tell you what your condition of needing to be seeking out and disproving other people really means.

Hey seen any "dirty snowball" comets lately?

That's how good your belief in mainstream science is.

Did you see the impactor that bounced off the "slush"?

You people would be relegated to the garbage bin of irrelevance if not for the fact it is just annoyingly perverse that you simply get your jollies by denigrating other people.

I'm starting a new genre: "Debunk the Debunker"...

(Is easy to do, just get a debunker to look up "Projection"...)

- unsalutated

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