JASON COLAVITO
  • Home
  • Blog
  • Books
    • Legends of the Pyramids
    • The Mound Builder Myth
    • Jason and the Argonauts
    • Cult of Alien Gods >
      • Contents
      • Excerpt
      • Image Gallery
    • Foundations of Atlantis
    • Knowing Fear >
      • Contents
      • Excerpt
      • Image Gallery
    • Hideous Bit of Morbidity >
      • Contents
      • Excerpt
      • Image Gallery
    • Cthulhu in World Mythology >
      • Excerpt
      • Image Gallery
      • Necronomicon Fragments
      • Oral Histories
    • Fiction >
      • Short Stories
      • Free Fiction
    • JasonColavito.com Books >
      • Faking History
      • Unearthing the Truth
      • Critical Companion to Ancient Aliens
      • Studies in Ancient Astronautics (Series) >
        • Theosophy on Ancient Astronauts
        • Pyramidiots!
        • Edison's Conquest of Mars
      • Fiction Anthologies >
        • Unseen Horror >
          • Contents
          • Excerpt
        • Moon Men! >
          • Contents
      • The Orphic Argonautica >
        • Contents
        • Excerpt
      • The Faust Book >
        • Contents
        • Excerpt
      • Classic Reprints
      • eBook Minis
    • Free eBooks >
      • Origin of the Space Gods
      • Ancient Atom Bombs
      • Golden Fleeced
      • Ancient America
      • Horror & Science
  • Articles
    • Skeptical Xenoarchaeologist Newsletter >
      • Volumes 1-10 Archive >
        • Volume 1 Archive
        • Volume 2 Archive
        • Volume 3 Archive
        • Volume 4 Archive
        • Volume 5 Archive
        • Volume 6 Archive
        • Volume 7 Archive
        • Volume 8 Archive
        • Volume 9 Archive
        • Volume 10 Archive
      • Volumes 11-20 Archive >
        • Volume 11 Archive
        • Volume 12 Archive
        • Volume 13 Archive
        • Volume 14 Archive
        • Volume 15 Archive
        • Volume 16 Archive
        • Volume 17 Archive
        • Volume 18 Archive
        • Volume 19 Archive
        • Volume 20 Archive
      • Volumes 21-30 Archive >
        • Volume 21 Archive
        • Volume 22 Archive
    • Television Reviews >
      • Ancient Aliens Reviews
      • In Search of Aliens Reviews
      • America Unearthed
      • Pirate Treasure of the Knights Templar
      • Search for the Lost Giants
      • Forbidden History Reviews
      • Expedition Unknown Reviews
      • Legends of the Lost
      • Unexplained + Unexplored
      • Rob Riggle: Global Investigator
    • Book Reviews
    • Galleries >
      • Bad Archaeology
      • Ancient Civilizations >
        • Ancient Egypt
        • Ancient Greece
        • Ancient Near East
        • Ancient Americas
      • Supernatural History
      • Book Image Galleries
    • Videos
    • Collection: Ancient Alien Fraud >
      • Chariots of the Gods at 50
      • Secret History of Ancient Astronauts
      • Of Atlantis and Aliens
      • Aliens and Ancient Texts
      • Profiles in Ancient Astronautics >
        • Erich von Däniken
        • Robert Temple
        • Giorgio Tsoukalos
        • David Childress
      • Blunders in the Sky
      • The Case of the False Quotes
      • Alternative Authors' Quote Fraud
      • David Childress & the Aliens
      • Faking Ancient Art in Uzbekistan
      • Intimations of Persecution
      • Zecharia Sitchin's World
      • Jesus' Alien Ancestors?
      • Extraterrestrial Evolution?
    • Collection: Skeptic Magazine >
      • America Before Review
      • Native American Discovery of Europe
      • Interview: Scott Sigler
      • Golden Fleeced
      • Oh the Horror
      • Discovery of America
      • Supernatural Television
      • Review of Civilization One
      • Who Lost the Middle Ages
      • Charioteer of the Gods
    • Collection: Ancient History >
      • Prehistoric Nuclear War
      • The China Syndrome
      • Atlantis, Mu, and the Maya
      • Easter Island Exposed
      • Who Built the Sphinx?
      • Who Built the Great Pyramid?
      • Archaeological Cover Up?
    • Collection: The Lovecraft Legacy >
      • Pauwels, Bergier, and Lovecraft
      • Lovecraft in Bergier
      • Lovecraft and Scientology
    • Collection: UFOs >
      • Alien Abduction at the Outer Limits
      • Aliens and Anal Probes
      • Ultra-Terrestrials and UFOs
      • Rebels, Queers, and Aliens
    • Scholomance: The Devil's School
    • Prehistory of Chupacabra
    • The Templars, the Holy Grail, & Henry Sinclair
    • Magicians of the Gods Review
    • The Curse of the Pharaohs
    • The Antediluvian Pyramid Myth
    • Whitewashing American Prehistory
    • James Dean's Cursed Porsche
  • The Library
    • Ancient Mysteries >
      • Ancient Texts >
        • Mesopotamian Texts >
          • Atrahasis Epic
          • Epic of Gilgamesh
          • Kutha Creation Legend
          • Babylonian Creation Myth
          • Descent of Ishtar
          • Berossus
          • Comparison of Antediluvian Histories
        • Egyptian Texts >
          • The Shipwrecked Sailor
          • Dream Stela of Thutmose IV
          • The Papyrus of Ani
          • Classical Accounts of the Pyramids
          • Inventory Stela
          • Manetho
          • Eratosthenes' King List
          • The Story of Setna
          • Leon of Pella
          • Diodorus on Egyptian History
          • On Isis and Osiris
          • Famine Stela
          • Old Egyptian Chronicle
          • The Book of Sothis
          • Horapollo
          • Al-Maqrizi's King List
        • Teshub and the Dragon
        • Hermetica >
          • The Three Hermeses
          • Kore Kosmou
          • Corpus Hermeticum
          • The Asclepius
          • The Emerald Tablet
          • Hermetic Fragments
          • Prologue to the Kyranides
          • The Secret of Creation
          • Ancient Alphabets Explained
          • Prologue to Ibn Umayl's Silvery Water
          • Book of the 24 Philosophers
          • Aurora of the Philosophers
        • Hesiod's Theogony
        • Periplus of Hanno
        • Ctesias' Indica
        • Sanchuniathon
        • Sima Qian
        • Syncellus's Enoch Fragments
        • The Book of Enoch
        • Slavonic Enoch
        • Sepher Yetzirah
        • Tacitus' Germania
        • De Dea Syria
        • Aelian's Various Histories
        • Julius Africanus' Chronography
        • Eusebius' Chronicle
        • Chinese Accounts of Rome
        • Ancient Chinese Automaton
        • The Orphic Argonautica
        • Fragments of Panodorus
        • Annianus on the Watchers
        • The Watchers and Antediluvian Wisdom
      • Medieval Texts >
        • Medieval Legends of Ancient Egypt >
          • Medieval Pyramid Lore
          • John Malalas on Ancient Egypt
          • Fragments of Abenephius
          • Akhbar al-zaman
          • Ibrahim ibn Wasif Shah
          • Murtada ibn al-‘Afif
          • Al-Maqrizi on the Pyramids
          • Al-Suyuti on the Pyramids
        • The Hunt for Noah's Ark
        • Isidore of Seville
        • Book of Liang: Fusang
        • Agobard on Magonia
        • Book of Thousands
        • Voyage of Saint Brendan
        • Power of Art and of Nature
        • Travels of Sir John Mandeville
        • Yazidi Revelation and Black Book
        • Al-Biruni on the Great Flood
        • Voyage of the Zeno Brothers
        • The Kensington Runestone (Hoax)
        • Islamic Discovery of America
        • The Aztec Creation Myth
      • Lost Civilizations >
        • Atlantis >
          • Plato's Atlantis Dialogues >
            • Timaeus
            • Critias
          • Fragments on Atlantis
          • Panchaea: The Other Atlantis
          • Eumalos on Atlantis (Hoax)
          • Gómara on Atlantis
          • Sardinia and Atlantis
          • Santorini and Atlantis
          • The Mound Builders and Atlantis
          • Donnelly's Atlantis
          • Atlantis in Morocco
          • Atlantis and the Sea Peoples
          • W. Scott-Elliot >
            • The Story of Atlantis
            • The Lost Lemuria
          • The Lost Atlantis
          • Atlantis in Africa
          • How I Found Atlantis (Hoax)
          • Termier on Atlantis
          • The Critias and Minoan Crete
          • Rebuttal to Termier
          • Further Responses to Termier
          • Flinders Petrie on Atlantis
        • Lost Cities >
          • Miscellaneous Lost Cities
          • The Seven Cities
          • The Lost City of Paititi
          • Manuscript 512
          • The Idolatrous City of Iximaya (Hoax)
          • The 1885 Moberly Lost City Hoax
          • The Elephants of Paredon (Hoax)
        • OOPARTs
        • Oronteus Finaeus Antarctica Map
        • Caucasians in Panama
        • Jefferson's Excavation
        • Fictitious Discoveries in America
        • Against Diffusionism
        • Tunnels Under Peru
        • The Parahyba Inscription (Hoax)
        • Mound Builders
        • Gunung Padang
        • Tales of Enchanted Islands
        • The 1907 Ancient World Map Hoax
        • The 1909 Grand Canyon Hoax
        • The Interglacial Period
        • Solving Oak Island
      • Religious Conspiracies >
        • Pantera, Father of Jesus?
        • Toledot Yeshu
        • Peter of les Vaux-de-Cernay on Cathars
        • Testimony of Jean de Châlons
        • Rosslyn Chapel and the 'Prentice's Pillar
        • The Many Wives of Jesus
        • Templar Infiltration of Labor
        • Louis Martin & the Holy Bloodline
        • The Life of St. Issa (Hoax)
        • On the Person of Jesus Christ
      • Giants in the Earth >
        • Fossil Origins of Myths >
          • Fossil Teeth and Bones of Elephants
          • Fossil Elephants
          • Fossil Bones of Teutobochus
          • Fossil Mammoths and Giants
          • Giants' Bones Dug Out of the Earth
          • Fossils and the Supernatural
          • Fossils, Myth, and Pseudo-History
          • Man During the Stone Age
          • Fossil Bones and Giants
          • American Elephant Myths
          • The Mammoth and the Flood
          • Fossils and Myth
          • Fossil Origin of the Cyclops
          • Mastodon, Mammoth, and Man
        • Fragments on Giants
        • Manichaean Book of Giants
        • Geoffrey on British Giants
        • Alfonso X's Hermetic History of Giants
        • Boccaccio and the Fossil 'Giant'
        • Book of Howth
        • Purchas His Pilgrimage
        • Edmond Temple's 1827 Giant Investigation
        • The Giants of Sardinia
        • Giants and the Sons of God
        • The Magnetism of Evil
        • Tertiary Giants
        • Smithsonian Giant Reports
        • Early American Giants
        • The Giant of Coahuila
        • Jewish Encyclopedia on Giants
        • Index of Giants
        • Newspaper Accounts of Giants
        • Lanier's A Book of Giants
      • Science and History >
        • Halley on Noah's Comet
        • The Newport Tower
        • Iron: The Stone from Heaven
        • Ararat and the Ark
        • Pyramid Facts and Fancies
        • Argonauts before Homer
        • The Deluge
        • Crown Prince Rudolf on the Pyramids
        • Old Mythology in New Apparel
        • Blavatsky on Dinosaurs
        • Teddy Roosevelt on Bigfoot
        • Devil Worship in France
        • Maspero's Review of Akhbar al-zaman
        • The Holy Grail as Lucifer's Crown Jewel
        • The Mutinous Sea
        • The Rock Wall of Rockwall
        • Fabulous Zoology
        • The Origins of Talos
        • Mexican Mythology
        • Chinese Pyramids
        • Maqrizi's Names of the Pharaohs
      • Extreme History >
        • Roman Empire Hoax
        • American Antiquities
        • American Cataclysms
        • England, the Remnant of Judah
        • Historical Chronology of the Mexicans
        • Maspero on the Predynastic Sphinx
        • Vestiges of the Mayas
        • Ragnarok: The Age of Fire and Gravel
        • Origins of the Egyptian People
        • The Secret Doctrine >
          • Volume 1: Cosmogenesis
          • Volume 2: Anthropogenesis
        • Phoenicians in America
        • The Electric Ark
        • Traces of European Influence
        • Prince Henry Sinclair
        • Pyramid Prophecies
        • Templars of Ancient Mexico
        • Chronology and the "Riddle of the Sphinx"
        • The Faith of Ancient Egypt
        • Spirit of the Hour in Archaeology
        • Book of the Damned
        • Great Pyramid As Noah's Ark
        • Richard Shaver's Proofs
    • Alien Encounters >
      • US Government Ancient Astronaut Files >
        • Fortean Society and Columbus
        • Inquiry into Shaver and Palmer
        • The Skyfort Document
        • Whirling Wheels
        • Denver Ancient Astronaut Lecture
        • Soviet Search for Lemuria
        • Visitors from Outer Space
        • Unidentified Flying Objects (Abstract)
        • "Flying Saucers"? They're a Myth
        • UFO Hypothesis Survival Questions
        • Air Force Academy UFO Textbook
        • The Condon Report on Ancient Astronauts
        • Atlantis Discovery Telegrams
        • Ancient Astronaut Society Telegram
        • Noah's Ark Cables
        • The Von Daniken Letter
        • CIA Psychic Probe of Ancient Mars
        • Scott Wolter Lawsuit
        • UFOs in Ancient China
        • CIA Report on Noah's Ark
        • CIA Noah's Ark Memos
        • Congressional Ancient Aliens Testimony
        • Ancient Astronaut and Nibiru Email
        • Congressional Ancient Mars Hearing
        • House UFO Hearing
      • Ancient Extraterrestrials >
        • Premodern UFO Sightings
        • The Moon Hoax
        • Inhabitants of Other Planets
        • Blavatsky on Ancient Astronauts
        • The Stanzas of Dzyan (Hoax)
        • Aerolites and Religion
        • What Is Theosophy?
        • Plane of Ether
        • The Adepts from Venus
      • A Message from Mars
      • Saucer Mystery Solved?
      • Orville Wright on UFOs
      • Interdimensional Flying Saucers
      • Flying Saucers Are Real
      • Report on UFOs
    • The Supernatural >
      • The Devils of Loudun
      • Sublime and Beautiful
      • Voltaire on Vampires
      • Demonology and Witchcraft
      • Thaumaturgia
      • Bulgarian Vampires
      • Religion and Evolution
      • Transylvanian Superstitions
      • Defining a Zombie
      • Dread of the Supernatural
      • Vampires
      • Werewolves and Vampires and Ghouls
      • Science and Fairy Stories
      • The Cursed Car
    • Classic Fiction >
      • Lucian's True History
      • Some Words with a Mummy
      • The Coming Race
      • King Solomon's Mines
      • An Inhabitant of Carcosa
      • The Xipéhuz
      • Lot No. 249
      • The Novel of the Black Seal
      • The Island of Doctor Moreau
      • Pharaoh's Curse
      • Edison's Conquest of Mars
      • The Lost Continent
      • Count Magnus
      • The Mysterious Stranger
      • The Wendigo
      • Sredni Vashtar
      • The Lost World
      • The Red One
      • H. P. Lovecraft >
        • Dagon
        • The Call of Cthulhu
        • History of the Necronomicon
        • At the Mountains of Madness
        • Lovecraft's Library in 1932
      • The Skeptical Poltergeist
      • The Corpse on the Grating
      • The Second Satellite
      • Queen of the Black Coast
      • A Martian Odyssey
    • Classic Genre Movies
    • Miscellaneous Documents >
      • The Balloon-Hoax
      • A Problem in Greek Ethics
      • The Migration of Symbols
      • The Gospel of Intensity
      • De Profundis
      • The Life and Death of Crown Prince Rudolf
      • The Bathtub Hoax
      • Crown Prince Rudolf's Letters
      • Position of Viking Women
      • Employment of Homosexuals
      • James Dean's Love Letters
      • The Amazing James Dean Hoax!
    • Free Classic Pseudohistory eBooks
  • About Jason
    • Biography
    • Jason in the Media
    • Contact Jason
    • About JasonColavito.com
    • Terms and Conditions
  • Search

Was Pantera Really the Father of Jesus?

2/22/2016

45 Comments

 
Back at the start of the year, I made a very brief reference to the claim that the true father of Jesus was a Roman soldier named Pantera, Pandera, or Panthera. The claim originates in Jewish anti-Christian lore and first appears in the historical record in Origen’s Contra Celsus 1.32, where the Church Father relates with disapproval the fact that the pagan philosopher Celsus had said of the Virgin that “when she was pregnant she was turned out of doors by the carpenter to whom she had been betrothed, as having been guilty of adultery, and that she bore a child to a certain soldier named Panthera.” This particular tale also appeared in the Jerusalem Talmud and the satirical Jewish anti-Gospel called the Sefer Toledot Yeshu. Some Late Antique Jewish texts call Jesus the “son of Pantera,” and imply that the story originated in the first century CE. What I didn’t know is that James Tabor, advocate of the Talpiot Tomb, takes this seriously!
I discovered this fact in a roundabout way after a Facebook posting linked me to an article from last year that not only rehearsed this claim, which was well known to me, but included the full name and career of Pantera, which was not known to me from any ancient or medieval source. According to the article, this soldier was Tiberius Julius Abdes Pantera, from Phoenicia, who died at the age of 62, having served 40 years as an archer in the Roman army. This was rather specific, given that none of the medieval or ancient sources provided any such claim for the alleged rapist who sired Jesus. Even better, the article gave the text of his tombstone!
 
I transcribe it here from a standard source, for accuracy:
TIB ∙ IVL ∙ ABDES ∙ PANTERA ∙
SIDONIA ∙ ANN LXII ∙
STIPEN ∙ XXXX ∙ MILE S ∙ EXS ∙
COH ∙ I ∙ SAGITTARIORUM ∙
∙ H ∙ S ∙ E ∙
 
Tiberius Julius Abdes Pantera
from Sidon, aged 62 years
served 40 years, a former (standard bearer?)
belonging to the first cohort of archers,
here is buried
The Latin text of the tombstone allowed me to quickly find that it belongs to a stone discovered in Bingerbrück in 1859, on what was then the Prussian-Hessian border. After the stone’s discovery, scholars considered it an unusual name and wondered if it was unique to this fellow. By the end of the nineteenth century, archaeologists and philologists had proved that the name “Pantera” (and its variants) occurred commonly among the people of Judea, particularly Roman soldiers. Pantera’s cohort had moved from Judea to Germany during the time he served.
 
So far, so boring. The stone is of interest to those who enjoy Roman military history, but James Tabor wrote in his 2006 book The Jesus Dynasty that this Pantera might well have been Jesus’ father! “I became convinced that the possible connection of this Roman soldier with the traditions related to Jesus’ father should not be dismissed out of hand just because it sounds offensive to piety and faith.” Tabor rejects the scholarly suggestion that “Pantera” was a somewhat anagrammatic pun on the Greek Parthenos, referring to the Virgin Birth, because he doesn’t think the words sound much alike. (Others believe the phrase Ben Pantera, meaning “son of a she-leopard” is simply a phrase meaning “illegitimate,” parallel to the Arabic insult “son of the lioness.”) While Tabor offers the requisite hedges and qualifiers that his claims are only possibilities, he argued that as a soldier who was stationed in Judea around time of Christ’s birth, and bearing the same name Celsus gave to the rapist, this Pantera (can we call him T. J. Panther to keep them straight?) is probably the Pantera of Celsus’ account and later Jewish lore. Further, although we don’t know when T. J. Panther served, his cohort was involved in sacking Sepphoris, near to Nazareth, in 4 BCE, the time of Jesus’ conception and birth. (The cohort moved to Dalmatia in 6 CE and Binger in 9.) The rabbi Eliezer ben Hyrcanus allegedly claimed in the first century that Sepphoris is where the story of Pantera originated, but we know this only from later accounts, written around 300 CE.
 
Just since it’s been a pain in the ass to find, here is what Eliezer said to the Romans after being arrested on suspicion of being a Christian, as given in the Avoda Zara 17a and Tosefta Hullin 2.34 (bracketed words are only in the Avoda): “Once I was walking in the main street of Sepphoris, and met [one of the disciples of Jesus the Nazarene] Jacob of Kefar Siknin, who repeated to me a heretical saying in the name of Jesus ben Pantera which pleased me well” (trans. George F. Moore).
 
The astonishing leaps in logic in this case are paralleled only by the leaps in logic he makes in declaring the Talpiot Tomb that of Jesus himself. In both cases, Tabor is happy to declare common names to be meaningfully related to the Bible. There is little surprise that fellow Talpiot Tomb advocate Simcha Jacobovici endorsed the Pantera parentage as well.
 
We have no reason to trust that Celsus is correct, of course, and many of his other claims cannot be supported by evidence. For example, Celsus, and later Jewish sources, claimed Jesus learned magic while apprenticed to Egyptian mages. This has no evidentiary support. We also have other Panteras in the required area, including Pentheros, a Hellenized Jew who lived in Jerusalem, and presumably other members of his family who shared the name. The presence of other soldiers named Pantera would suggest that when Eliezer allegedly spoke there was a Jewish rumor in circulation decades after Jesus’ death challenging Christian claims with scurrilous accusations of sexual impropriety with the impious Jews who collaborated with the occupying Romans.
 
Anyway, the bottom line is that the three largest assumptions underlying Tabor’s claim hardly let us declare the “Pantera mystery solved,” as he said.

  • Assumption 1: Jesus was actually the son of a Roman soldier. This is theoretically possible but relies on innumerable assumptions itself.
  • Assumption 2: Jesus was known to be the son of Pantera in the first century CE. This is possible, but not proved. We can’t put the claim back before 180 CE, and we cannot distinguish between what was actually true and what was thought to be true then.
  • Assumption 3: T. J. Panther was a soldier in and around Nazareth sometime around 6-2 BCE. This is possible, but some scholars think he flourished later, in the first century CE. There is not enough evidence to judge.
 
There is therefore not enough logical reason to suppose that T. J. Panther was “Pantera,” or that either of them was really the father of Jesus. It’s a possibility, but not more of one than it was in 180 CE.

45 Comments
Bob Jase
2/22/2016 03:02:22 pm

Either way it shows that the claim that no near contemporaries contested the reaality of the divine Jesus is crap.

Reply
Scott Hamilton
2/22/2016 03:08:17 pm

Celsus' slander is a pretty good reason to think there must have been some sort of historical Christ. After all, claiming that Christ didn't exist would have been a far more devastating argument to early Christians than making a dirty joke about his parentage. There must have been some sort consensus at the time that Jesus was a real person, even if we'll never be 100% sure why.

Reply
Time Machine
2/22/2016 03:36:18 pm

>>>Celsus' slander is a pretty good reason to think there must have been some sort of historical Christ.<<<

Celsus flourished during the second century, when the stories of the historical Christ first began to be developed.

DaveR
2/23/2016 09:01:44 am

The slander did not happen while Jesus lived, but rather decades after his death when the Christian religion was taking hold. This is not evidence that Jesus existed at all, rather that some people didn't like the new religion and wanted to counter claims of his divine conception with claims of Roman parentage. There is no concrete evidence the Jesus of the bible ever existed at all.

Time Machine
2/23/2016 11:10:18 pm

>>> decades after his death when the Christian religion was taking hold.<<<

The slander could not have existed during the first century because there were no gospels in existence at that time.

DaveR
2/24/2016 08:04:58 am

Although the gospels did not exist, the early Christian church was using Jesus as it's martyr and symbol. In fact, the very word "Christian" was meant as a derogatory term.

Slandering the martyr of the Christian religion in the first century is not only possible, but highly likely.

Time Machine
2/24/2016 08:47:04 am

Both Judaism and Christianity were unpopular during the first few centuries, as indeed were other cults that the Roman Empire consider were disrespectful towards it.

DaveR
2/24/2016 10:13:28 am

That is true enough, look at how the Romans treated the Druids.

Eric Breaux
11/13/2016 10:09:47 am

Time Machine and Dave R, If I knew as little as y'all do about the data showing the gospels historically accurate, I might have the same disposition you do.
There's plenty of well known ancient historians who wrote about Jesus, one of which being Luke who also wrote a gospel. There's about 42 documents saying something about Jesus, a lot of which are either hostile or indifferent to Jesus and Christianity. Some historians also mentioned a few of the miracles recorded in the gospels or just mention Jesus as being famous for miracles that they dismiss as illusionist tricks, or otherwise sorcery. An example is a record from Thallus in the 50's A.D. mentioning the darkness that occurred during Jesus crucifixion and attempting to explain it as a solar eclipse. Africanus, who quoted this record about 2 centuries later, mentioned that an eclipse wouldn't be possible because it happened during the Jewish Passover, when the moon is full and diametrically opposite from the sun. both of these historians records only survive as quotes in other historical writings, like in the records of Eusebius, from what was still left of their respective work during the time. Tacitus references in 115 A.D. in his Annals that Christians were killed for saying Jesus was resurrected. He recorded "Christus, from whom the name had its origin, suffered the extreme penalty during the reign of Tiberius at the hands of one of our procurators, Pontius Pilatus, and a most mischievous superstition, thus checked for the moment, again broke out not only in Judaea, the first source of the evil, but even in Rome, where all things hideous and shameful from every part of the world find their centre and become popular". Suetonius recorded "After the great fire at Rome . . . . Punishments were also inflicted on the Christians, a sect professing a new and mischievous religious belief". The only way that many people would believe that Jesus was resurrected was if they actually saw him. Even his first disciples doubted him until they saw him. The same culture that presented Jesus to be executed with the accusation of apostasy and sorcery is not going to suddenly change their minds about him and invent stories in agreement with his claims that they originally hated him for. And none of them could have hallucinated him because shared hallucinations don’t happen and in general can't happen anyway when you aren’t expecting to see the person or have no care to. Simply knowing the culture of his time is enough to deduce that the converts were reporting a real encounter. And it's recorded that one of the disciples touched Jesus after he appeared to them and Paul records having met about 500 witnesses. These new testament accounts are consistent with Josephus and the Roman historical records talking about the teaching of Jesus resurrection. Hardly any scholar, regardless of background, doubts Jesus was a real historical figure, it's mostly the miracles that are controversial, but with no evidence against them, just skepticism that miracles can even happen.
No one who ever wrote about Jesus was ever questioned by anyone about if he actually existed. People who knew anything about Jesus would be around to say how accurate these claims were that were being recorded. There were plenty of people who hated his teachings who would have loved to refute that he was real, if he was made up. The problem is he was seen by many people in person. There are over 5000 copies of the new testament in it's original language, all of which are mostly consistent with each other and modern translations. The only differences are the story of Jesus and the prostitute not being in the oldest copies and textual variants.
We know the new testament was completed before the second century because Clement of Rome quotes it in the late first century. The gospels would be some of the earliest of the new testament compilation. http://www.garyhabermas.com/books/historicaljesus/historicaljesus.htm#ch9 http://www.patheos.com/blogs/euangelion/2012/12/why-the-lost-gospels-did-not-make-the-canonical-cut/

Rocco
12/9/2019 05:56:16 am

Flavius Josephus, Jewish historian of the day mentions Yeshua in his book antiquities, book 22 says " the trial of James the brother of the claimed Messiah" but an earlier mention in book 18 has clearly been embellished, the later book says the claimed Messiah but book 18 claims him as the Christ Messiah who worked healings and miracles, accepted to have been altered in the middle ages, but two definite mentions by a scholar historian of the time who clearly mentions the historical Yeshua, whether he is man or divine is subjective, his existence is objective fact non the less.

Time Machine
2/22/2016 03:33:48 pm

Jesus Christ never existed.
The pantera reference belongs to the same period of time as the earliest Gospel Fragments - from the second century - when the historical Jesus Christ was being developed for the first time.

Reply
Dale Hardeman
3/11/2017 03:39:39 am

There are at least 22 non-biblical references of which I am aware that reference Yeshua, the Nazarene, who was crucified in Jerusalem circa 33 A.D., including the records of the Jewish Sanhedrin, Emperor Titus, and Saul of Tartus, who persecuted followers of Jesus. There would have been no followers of Jesus if he never existed. Reasonable scholarship easily supports the existence of Jesus, though one may argue as to the issue of divinity.

Reply
Heather
5/11/2017 10:48:49 pm

Nazarene was not a city when Jesus was alive. So you can not use the Jesus of Nazarene references to prove his existence.

hugo
4/23/2017 12:55:48 am

do you believe writing existed 2000 years ago? did people exist 2000 years ago? did pontius pilate exist? did the roman empire exist? is christianity a folklore, fable, tale or does it really exist? are islam and judaism folklore, fable, tales or do they really exist? where did roman catholics come from? why associate romans with a tale they did not ascribe to or which did not exist in the first place? now, do you believe abraham lincoln existed? if 2000 years from now, some people say he didnt, will they be right or wrong?

i believe jesus did exist. ascribing to his teachings as documented by people who existed before me is my choice. fact is, he did exist. does God exist? if you think not, explain the origin of space,time, matter and finally, explain what infinity is.

Reply
Cesar
2/22/2016 03:46:15 pm

“There were reports of people in Palestine healing in the name of Yeshu ben Pandira [Tosefta Hullin 2.23], which must have been a mockery of the Greek title Virgin, Parthenos. Jesus was variously said to have been the son of Pandira or Panthera, even though his mother was married to Stada. Thus ‘Ben Stada is the same as Ben Pandira. Rabbi Hisda said, ‘The husband was Stada, the paramour was Pandira’ [Babylonian Talmud Shabbat 104a. Rabbi Hisda was teaching around 300 CE].

Margaret Barker, Christmas: the original story, p. 100.

Note: In her book M. Barker is not endorsing thise things, since she is a Methodist scholar.

Reply
Cesar
2/22/2016 03:48:34 pm

these things

Reply
Time Machine
2/22/2016 03:54:29 pm

>>>Tosefta Hullin 2.23<<<

Second century.

Reply
Moya
2/22/2018 05:49:50 pm

Stada means a woman who has been unfaithful to her husband ( Josheph put her away verily ) means he divorced her for being unfaithful .

Reply
Cesar
2/22/2016 04:02:08 pm

This Panthera thing is a mess, help us Jason.

Reply
Cesar
2/22/2016 05:27:03 pm

Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeshu#Yeshu_ben_Pandera) shows that the matter has no solution because of the large number of interpretations regarding the etymology of ben Panthera

Reply
Kal
2/22/2016 05:55:33 pm

So some German fringe person claimed to have found a headstone with the name Pantera on it and thought it must be Jesus' real Dad? It's kind of the same ludicrous logic as saying names sound alike therefore they are, like the two Marys or the term for Adulterer in ancient times. It doesn't mean there is any relation. It's not likely the guy who put up the headstone was gone to get more tourists by doing that. It's not like the KRS. Sure he'd get curious onlookers, but it smacks of a pointless hoax. How is he going to make any money off having the grave site of the alleged soldier father? Why brag about that? It would be like claiming you have the site of the mistress of a Civil War political figure. Who would are?

First time I have heard of Pantera, besides of course the folk album from the 1960s.

Reply
Time Machine
2/22/2016 07:39:53 pm

>>>So some German fringe person claimed to have found<<<

It was discovered by German archaeologists in 1859 and is used by modern fringe writers who want to develop an alternative gospel to those found in the New Testament. This Pantera may have no connection with the Pantera mentioned by Celsus and Jewish sources.

It's funny how seriously this Pantera story is taken by rational academics because it lacks all provenance and is most probably not worth the paper it is written on.

Dr Robert Beckford, Professor in theology at Canterbury Christ Church University takes the Pantera story very seriously to the point of presenting it on the television documentary "The Nativity Decoded" shown on Christmas Day 2008.

Reply
Time Machine
2/22/2016 07:43:50 pm

Here's a close-up of Pantera's tomb in Römerhalle museum in Bad Kreuznach, Germany.

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Julia_Quinta_%26_Tiberius_Julius_Severus_tombstone%2C_R%C3%B6merhalle%2C_Bad_Kreuznach%2C_Germany_%288197149088%29.jpg

Time Machine
2/22/2016 07:47:27 pm

Sorry, that was the wrong link.
Here is the correct link

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/R%C3%B6merhalle,_Bad_Kreuznach_-_Tiberius_Iulius_Abdes_Pantera_tombstone.JPG

Kal
2/22/2016 05:58:09 pm

It's even more cynical than that actually. It is Germany where they like having connections to historical figures (kind of like France but with not as much humor). The guy that made the stone was probably just trying to upset some staunch Christian leaders of the time.

Reply
Paul S.
2/22/2016 10:54:09 pm

Is there any reason to think that the Roman soldier Pantera's tombstone was faked in the 19th century? If I understand the original post correctly, it wasn't until recently that fringe authors associated the Pantera on this tombstone with the Panthera alleged to be Jesus' father.

Reply
Time Machine
2/23/2016 06:24:50 am

Why should there be any reason it was faked?
The Talpiot Tomb bears the inscription "Jesus, son of Joseph" and that's authentic. Yet that does not mean it's linked to the personages of the New Testament just like Tiberius Iulius Abdes Pantera does not have to be the father of Jesus.

Another howler !! Those who want to create a new gospel like to believe that Pantera was Jesus' biological father just as much they want to believe it was Joseph !!!

And there is an early mss of a gospel that states "Jesus, son of Joseph".

Heather
5/11/2017 10:53:30 pm

They also found several other headstones as well. Why would you believe someone would put that much effort into proving Christianity wrong.

Reply
orang
2/22/2016 06:17:52 pm

we now know where Panera Bread comes from.

Reply
Shane Sullivan
2/22/2016 07:24:15 pm

Panera Bread: The Original Eucharist.

Reply
Bob Jase
2/22/2016 08:39:42 pm

Quality has really gone downhill.

Quinn Barra
2/23/2016 10:27:08 pm

Beat me to it...

Salt
2/22/2016 10:54:47 pm

Jason, if you could lend your investigative skills to modern myth and legend as well as you tear into past pseudo-history, we'd have fewer presidential candidates.

Reply
JaredMithrandir link
2/23/2016 02:22:24 pm

The Talmd was actually making a poetic allusion to Panderus of the Illiad. Romans mistakenly replaced with the d with a t.

In the near future I'll be dealing with the Yeshu lore on my blog, at the moment there is a brief reference in the recent Maometis al-Mahdi post.

Reply
Dr.Spin
2/28/2016 05:32:19 pm

JESUS IS THE SON OF JASON COLAVITO!! ... I can't prove it but heck, isn't that what belief in the Son of God is all about!! ... LMAO ...

Reply
BB-Idaho
6/30/2016 03:42:13 pm

It is all conjecture, both Tiberius Julius Abdes Pantera and some yet defined impregnation by the God of the Universe. There it remains without DNA testing.

Reply
historicvs
6/30/2017 09:37:21 am

The non-Biblical accounts presented by Christian scholars as evidence of the historicity of their deity come from authors who lived after the alleged life of Jesus. Since they did not live during the time of the hypothetical Jesus, none of their accounts can serve as eyewitness evidence. This applies to the most-often cited Josephus Flavius, born in 37 CE, Pliny the Younger, born 62 CE, Tacitus, born in 64 CE, and Suetonius, born in 69 CE, and to the many other sources even further removed in time from the events they claim to attest.

The substance of these anachronistic writings about Jesus is the body of beliefs and stories of early Christian believers themselves. Beliefs do not require facts or evidence for their propagation and circulation. Thus we have only beliefs about Jesus' existence from these writers, and nothing more.

The Bible ought to be critiqued with the same skepticism we routinely apply to all other ancient documents. But there are powerful vested political and financial interests who require orthodox interpretations to sustain their power and prestige. No one cares if Laocoon really said, “I fear the Greek bearing gifts” but every supposed pronouncement of the Christian messiah is cherished with reverent care. Personally I find the tone of this article disturbingly unscholarly.

Reply
LYLELTJ link
2/24/2018 02:29:51 pm

the problem is easily solved. Occam's Razor. Is it more logical to believe birth is the result of a Roman soldier or some mythical being in the heavens which no one has ever seen and has not even been able to solve the problem of evil!!! Go with the simpler explanation. Soldiers are impregnation women all the time. Never seen proof a God doing it a single time. LOL
THE HAPPY ATHEIST

Reply
mathema albert malesa link
6/19/2018 03:03:39 pm

Let us not touch the sky ,the truth is open even now the real israelist in jerusalem (betlehem) is not the real israelist for e.g afrikaa ners (african) was only group of people and bandit who volunteer as missionaries to occupy and in slave the real people of canaan and for oil and other resources even now those people they defend them to real for claiming their land jews and palestinene are one family divided by this invaders the crusaders the group of french,england,germany ,e.t.c,when overtook to romans emperors claiming to protect the jews ,romans killed mesiah .is where the hospitalers with red cross the crusaders and the front liners black march to kanaan and take land and called them israelist but still use the protocol of euroupeon. jews are not free they are divided. the crusaders modified their mind with the great priest,pope some involved in the killing of messiah their punishment was to reveal all the way of messiah so that they must translate it to their own language and preach it to other nation as missionry in other hand looking for resoucers and slaves to extend their powers greater world and write what is suitable to confuse people and grab the land , then put their government and some never go back.in my believe muhummad and messiah is one person they talk one thing only one we are confused because the crusaders changed all script and add what is not and potrait messiah by da vinci the artist with image of prince son of king edwards and called him jesus christ son of god in real script of torah messiah did not proclaim that he is the son god.he proclaimed that he is the son of man child of god .the crusaders also revealed that the romans killed as sort of politcals that people follow him and the priest,pope those put law with emperor became fear that people will not pay tax and he will take power because he got miracle,and that is the son of bandera a black roman archer from line age of black slaves jew ,as hidden because of racist is why now were start to realise that is why black people inslaved all over the world ,and even mother of messiah is not married to real father of messiah is due to racist but because god is one ,the child grow with other child and play ,and listen to her mother guide and attend jews culture praying god and spending many years with priest learn about god,when he grow up he devoted to the spirit of god and with powers of god he heals soul and condemn some law of the emperor and popes to save the lost people truth by listing and obeing emperors as god ,and not following ten commandment and that only god is the mighty. .like crusaders they translated torah to bible and changed sabaath to sunday but by the real jews ,sabbath is friday evening till saturday evening because of inslave people the saw this that their work will delay and slaves will rest long days they change it to sunday mid night ,LET US THAT JESUS DIES FOR OUR SINS DUE THIS BECAUSE HE TOOK OUT THE PEOPLE IN SINS THAT THEY WERE PRAYING HUMANS BEING RATHER THAN GOD. those emperor,popes,priest set him influence soucers and bad people to accuse him and kills.after some nation realise that they killed a wrong man he was devoted to God. and he was real JUSTICE OF HEAVEN messenger to peoples..even till today there are those who inrich the with the message of him .AMEN.

Reply
Jessica
7/15/2018 08:37:17 pm

Jesus categorically existed. This much we can be certain of Jews Christians Muslims Romans and Greeks and others all concede that he existed. They cannot all be mistaken. I agree that there is so much confusion as to what information we have available to us and it's reliability or lack there of. There is definitely a problem over Jesus identity I agree that he may well have been mix raced but we should focus on all the positive achievements he accomplished in his short life his commitment to God and other human beings. Ultimately remember that Jesus is the Messiah and let us keep his commandments to love God and love our neighbours to keep our faith proudly and promote love and peace whilst we await his return. Amen

Cockman
10/23/2018 03:35:29 am

M.A.M. It would be lovely if you learnt grammar. Albeit, you are quite enlightened to say the least. Corruption in all propogates hunger for untruth...

Reply
Randeep Kaur
4/22/2019 12:44:23 pm

In order to come into this world the human zygote is fertilized by both the ovum and the sperm in order to become a fully developed human being. It is very possible the Pathera could have been the true father of Jesus. Romans ruled the Middle East and used women for their disposal. The church has argued about a miraculous conception but modern science cannot accept this as we all know that an embryo is definitely produced from fertilization of sperm and ovum. There is no other way of reproducing humans.

Reply
Pantera
11/16/2019 01:58:43 am

Who's Pathera?

Reply
Andy
12/30/2019 02:23:25 am

so much nonsense spewed from the mouths of anti-Christians ... so childish

Reply
Paul E. Starbuck
2/6/2020 12:04:59 am

The assertion that Pantera was Jesus' father has more logic going for it than the "Christian" fantasy that Jesus was fathered of a virgin by God.
Further, the arguments against Pantera being Jesus' father are themselves of doubtful validity. Pantera seemingly was in the right place at the right time fo have fathered Jesus.
Better to bet on the possible than the improbable.

Reply

Your comment will be posted after it is approved.


Leave a Reply.

    Blog
    Picture

    Author

    I am an author and researcher focusing on pop culture, science, and history. Bylines: New Republic, Esquire, Slate, etc. There's more about me in the About Jason tab.

    Become a Patron!
    Tweets by JasonColavito
    Picture

    Newsletters

    Enter your email below to subscribe to my newsletter for updates on my latest projects, blog posts, and activities, and subscribe to Culture & Curiosities, my Substack newsletter.

    powered by TinyLetter

    Blog Roll

    Ancient Aliens Debunked
    Picture
    A Hot Cup of Joe
    ArchyFantasies
    Bad UFOs
    Mammoth Tales
    Matthew R. X. Dentith
    PaleoBabble
    Picture

    Categories

    All
    Alternative Archaeology
    Alternative Archaeology
    Alternative History
    Alternative History
    America Unearthed
    Ancient Aliens
    Ancient Astronauts
    Ancient History
    Ancient Texts
    Ancient Texts
    Archaeology
    Atlantis
    Conspiracies
    Giants
    Habsburgs
    Horror
    King Arthur
    Knights Templar
    Lovecraft
    Mythology
    Occult
    Popular Culture
    Popular Culture
    Projects
    Pyramids
    Racism
    Science
    Skepticism
    Ufos
    Weird Old Art
    Weird Things
    White Nationalism

    Terms & Conditions

    Please read all applicable terms and conditions before posting a comment on this blog. Posting a comment constitutes your agreement to abide by the terms and conditions linked herein.

    Archives

    January 2023
    December 2022
    November 2022
    October 2022
    September 2022
    August 2022
    July 2022
    June 2022
    May 2022
    April 2022
    March 2022
    February 2022
    January 2022
    December 2021
    November 2021
    October 2021
    September 2021
    August 2021
    July 2021
    June 2021
    May 2021
    April 2021
    March 2021
    February 2021
    January 2021
    December 2020
    November 2020
    October 2020
    September 2020
    August 2020
    July 2020
    June 2020
    May 2020
    April 2020
    March 2020
    February 2020
    January 2020
    December 2019
    November 2019
    October 2019
    September 2019
    August 2019
    July 2019
    June 2019
    May 2019
    April 2019
    March 2019
    February 2019
    January 2019
    December 2018
    November 2018
    October 2018
    September 2018
    August 2018
    July 2018
    June 2018
    May 2018
    April 2018
    March 2018
    February 2018
    January 2018
    December 2017
    November 2017
    October 2017
    September 2017
    August 2017
    July 2017
    June 2017
    May 2017
    April 2017
    March 2017
    February 2017
    January 2017
    December 2016
    November 2016
    October 2016
    September 2016
    August 2016
    July 2016
    June 2016
    May 2016
    April 2016
    March 2016
    February 2016
    January 2016
    December 2015
    November 2015
    October 2015
    September 2015
    August 2015
    July 2015
    June 2015
    May 2015
    April 2015
    March 2015
    February 2015
    January 2015
    December 2014
    November 2014
    October 2014
    September 2014
    August 2014
    July 2014
    June 2014
    May 2014
    April 2014
    March 2014
    February 2014
    January 2014
    December 2013
    November 2013
    October 2013
    September 2013
    August 2013
    July 2013
    June 2013
    May 2013
    April 2013
    March 2013
    February 2013
    January 2013
    December 2012
    November 2012
    October 2012
    September 2012
    August 2012
    July 2012
    June 2012
    May 2012
    April 2012
    March 2012
    February 2012
    January 2012
    December 2011
    November 2011
    October 2011
    September 2011
    August 2011
    July 2011
    June 2011
    May 2011
    April 2011
    March 2011
    February 2011
    January 2011
    December 2010
    November 2010
    October 2010
    September 2010
    August 2010
    July 2010
    June 2010
    May 2010
    April 2010
    March 2010
    February 2010

    RSS Feed

Picture
Home  |  Blog  |  Books  | Contact  |  About Jason | Terms & Conditions
© 2010-2023 Jason Colavito. All rights reserved.

  • Home
  • Blog
  • Books
    • Legends of the Pyramids
    • The Mound Builder Myth
    • Jason and the Argonauts
    • Cult of Alien Gods >
      • Contents
      • Excerpt
      • Image Gallery
    • Foundations of Atlantis
    • Knowing Fear >
      • Contents
      • Excerpt
      • Image Gallery
    • Hideous Bit of Morbidity >
      • Contents
      • Excerpt
      • Image Gallery
    • Cthulhu in World Mythology >
      • Excerpt
      • Image Gallery
      • Necronomicon Fragments
      • Oral Histories
    • Fiction >
      • Short Stories
      • Free Fiction
    • JasonColavito.com Books >
      • Faking History
      • Unearthing the Truth
      • Critical Companion to Ancient Aliens
      • Studies in Ancient Astronautics (Series) >
        • Theosophy on Ancient Astronauts
        • Pyramidiots!
        • Edison's Conquest of Mars
      • Fiction Anthologies >
        • Unseen Horror >
          • Contents
          • Excerpt
        • Moon Men! >
          • Contents
      • The Orphic Argonautica >
        • Contents
        • Excerpt
      • The Faust Book >
        • Contents
        • Excerpt
      • Classic Reprints
      • eBook Minis
    • Free eBooks >
      • Origin of the Space Gods
      • Ancient Atom Bombs
      • Golden Fleeced
      • Ancient America
      • Horror & Science
  • Articles
    • Skeptical Xenoarchaeologist Newsletter >
      • Volumes 1-10 Archive >
        • Volume 1 Archive
        • Volume 2 Archive
        • Volume 3 Archive
        • Volume 4 Archive
        • Volume 5 Archive
        • Volume 6 Archive
        • Volume 7 Archive
        • Volume 8 Archive
        • Volume 9 Archive
        • Volume 10 Archive
      • Volumes 11-20 Archive >
        • Volume 11 Archive
        • Volume 12 Archive
        • Volume 13 Archive
        • Volume 14 Archive
        • Volume 15 Archive
        • Volume 16 Archive
        • Volume 17 Archive
        • Volume 18 Archive
        • Volume 19 Archive
        • Volume 20 Archive
      • Volumes 21-30 Archive >
        • Volume 21 Archive
        • Volume 22 Archive
    • Television Reviews >
      • Ancient Aliens Reviews
      • In Search of Aliens Reviews
      • America Unearthed
      • Pirate Treasure of the Knights Templar
      • Search for the Lost Giants
      • Forbidden History Reviews
      • Expedition Unknown Reviews
      • Legends of the Lost
      • Unexplained + Unexplored
      • Rob Riggle: Global Investigator
    • Book Reviews
    • Galleries >
      • Bad Archaeology
      • Ancient Civilizations >
        • Ancient Egypt
        • Ancient Greece
        • Ancient Near East
        • Ancient Americas
      • Supernatural History
      • Book Image Galleries
    • Videos
    • Collection: Ancient Alien Fraud >
      • Chariots of the Gods at 50
      • Secret History of Ancient Astronauts
      • Of Atlantis and Aliens
      • Aliens and Ancient Texts
      • Profiles in Ancient Astronautics >
        • Erich von Däniken
        • Robert Temple
        • Giorgio Tsoukalos
        • David Childress
      • Blunders in the Sky
      • The Case of the False Quotes
      • Alternative Authors' Quote Fraud
      • David Childress & the Aliens
      • Faking Ancient Art in Uzbekistan
      • Intimations of Persecution
      • Zecharia Sitchin's World
      • Jesus' Alien Ancestors?
      • Extraterrestrial Evolution?
    • Collection: Skeptic Magazine >
      • America Before Review
      • Native American Discovery of Europe
      • Interview: Scott Sigler
      • Golden Fleeced
      • Oh the Horror
      • Discovery of America
      • Supernatural Television
      • Review of Civilization One
      • Who Lost the Middle Ages
      • Charioteer of the Gods
    • Collection: Ancient History >
      • Prehistoric Nuclear War
      • The China Syndrome
      • Atlantis, Mu, and the Maya
      • Easter Island Exposed
      • Who Built the Sphinx?
      • Who Built the Great Pyramid?
      • Archaeological Cover Up?
    • Collection: The Lovecraft Legacy >
      • Pauwels, Bergier, and Lovecraft
      • Lovecraft in Bergier
      • Lovecraft and Scientology
    • Collection: UFOs >
      • Alien Abduction at the Outer Limits
      • Aliens and Anal Probes
      • Ultra-Terrestrials and UFOs
      • Rebels, Queers, and Aliens
    • Scholomance: The Devil's School
    • Prehistory of Chupacabra
    • The Templars, the Holy Grail, & Henry Sinclair
    • Magicians of the Gods Review
    • The Curse of the Pharaohs
    • The Antediluvian Pyramid Myth
    • Whitewashing American Prehistory
    • James Dean's Cursed Porsche
  • The Library
    • Ancient Mysteries >
      • Ancient Texts >
        • Mesopotamian Texts >
          • Atrahasis Epic
          • Epic of Gilgamesh
          • Kutha Creation Legend
          • Babylonian Creation Myth
          • Descent of Ishtar
          • Berossus
          • Comparison of Antediluvian Histories
        • Egyptian Texts >
          • The Shipwrecked Sailor
          • Dream Stela of Thutmose IV
          • The Papyrus of Ani
          • Classical Accounts of the Pyramids
          • Inventory Stela
          • Manetho
          • Eratosthenes' King List
          • The Story of Setna
          • Leon of Pella
          • Diodorus on Egyptian History
          • On Isis and Osiris
          • Famine Stela
          • Old Egyptian Chronicle
          • The Book of Sothis
          • Horapollo
          • Al-Maqrizi's King List
        • Teshub and the Dragon
        • Hermetica >
          • The Three Hermeses
          • Kore Kosmou
          • Corpus Hermeticum
          • The Asclepius
          • The Emerald Tablet
          • Hermetic Fragments
          • Prologue to the Kyranides
          • The Secret of Creation
          • Ancient Alphabets Explained
          • Prologue to Ibn Umayl's Silvery Water
          • Book of the 24 Philosophers
          • Aurora of the Philosophers
        • Hesiod's Theogony
        • Periplus of Hanno
        • Ctesias' Indica
        • Sanchuniathon
        • Sima Qian
        • Syncellus's Enoch Fragments
        • The Book of Enoch
        • Slavonic Enoch
        • Sepher Yetzirah
        • Tacitus' Germania
        • De Dea Syria
        • Aelian's Various Histories
        • Julius Africanus' Chronography
        • Eusebius' Chronicle
        • Chinese Accounts of Rome
        • Ancient Chinese Automaton
        • The Orphic Argonautica
        • Fragments of Panodorus
        • Annianus on the Watchers
        • The Watchers and Antediluvian Wisdom
      • Medieval Texts >
        • Medieval Legends of Ancient Egypt >
          • Medieval Pyramid Lore
          • John Malalas on Ancient Egypt
          • Fragments of Abenephius
          • Akhbar al-zaman
          • Ibrahim ibn Wasif Shah
          • Murtada ibn al-‘Afif
          • Al-Maqrizi on the Pyramids
          • Al-Suyuti on the Pyramids
        • The Hunt for Noah's Ark
        • Isidore of Seville
        • Book of Liang: Fusang
        • Agobard on Magonia
        • Book of Thousands
        • Voyage of Saint Brendan
        • Power of Art and of Nature
        • Travels of Sir John Mandeville
        • Yazidi Revelation and Black Book
        • Al-Biruni on the Great Flood
        • Voyage of the Zeno Brothers
        • The Kensington Runestone (Hoax)
        • Islamic Discovery of America
        • The Aztec Creation Myth
      • Lost Civilizations >
        • Atlantis >
          • Plato's Atlantis Dialogues >
            • Timaeus
            • Critias
          • Fragments on Atlantis
          • Panchaea: The Other Atlantis
          • Eumalos on Atlantis (Hoax)
          • Gómara on Atlantis
          • Sardinia and Atlantis
          • Santorini and Atlantis
          • The Mound Builders and Atlantis
          • Donnelly's Atlantis
          • Atlantis in Morocco
          • Atlantis and the Sea Peoples
          • W. Scott-Elliot >
            • The Story of Atlantis
            • The Lost Lemuria
          • The Lost Atlantis
          • Atlantis in Africa
          • How I Found Atlantis (Hoax)
          • Termier on Atlantis
          • The Critias and Minoan Crete
          • Rebuttal to Termier
          • Further Responses to Termier
          • Flinders Petrie on Atlantis
        • Lost Cities >
          • Miscellaneous Lost Cities
          • The Seven Cities
          • The Lost City of Paititi
          • Manuscript 512
          • The Idolatrous City of Iximaya (Hoax)
          • The 1885 Moberly Lost City Hoax
          • The Elephants of Paredon (Hoax)
        • OOPARTs
        • Oronteus Finaeus Antarctica Map
        • Caucasians in Panama
        • Jefferson's Excavation
        • Fictitious Discoveries in America
        • Against Diffusionism
        • Tunnels Under Peru
        • The Parahyba Inscription (Hoax)
        • Mound Builders
        • Gunung Padang
        • Tales of Enchanted Islands
        • The 1907 Ancient World Map Hoax
        • The 1909 Grand Canyon Hoax
        • The Interglacial Period
        • Solving Oak Island
      • Religious Conspiracies >
        • Pantera, Father of Jesus?
        • Toledot Yeshu
        • Peter of les Vaux-de-Cernay on Cathars
        • Testimony of Jean de Châlons
        • Rosslyn Chapel and the 'Prentice's Pillar
        • The Many Wives of Jesus
        • Templar Infiltration of Labor
        • Louis Martin & the Holy Bloodline
        • The Life of St. Issa (Hoax)
        • On the Person of Jesus Christ
      • Giants in the Earth >
        • Fossil Origins of Myths >
          • Fossil Teeth and Bones of Elephants
          • Fossil Elephants
          • Fossil Bones of Teutobochus
          • Fossil Mammoths and Giants
          • Giants' Bones Dug Out of the Earth
          • Fossils and the Supernatural
          • Fossils, Myth, and Pseudo-History
          • Man During the Stone Age
          • Fossil Bones and Giants
          • American Elephant Myths
          • The Mammoth and the Flood
          • Fossils and Myth
          • Fossil Origin of the Cyclops
          • Mastodon, Mammoth, and Man
        • Fragments on Giants
        • Manichaean Book of Giants
        • Geoffrey on British Giants
        • Alfonso X's Hermetic History of Giants
        • Boccaccio and the Fossil 'Giant'
        • Book of Howth
        • Purchas His Pilgrimage
        • Edmond Temple's 1827 Giant Investigation
        • The Giants of Sardinia
        • Giants and the Sons of God
        • The Magnetism of Evil
        • Tertiary Giants
        • Smithsonian Giant Reports
        • Early American Giants
        • The Giant of Coahuila
        • Jewish Encyclopedia on Giants
        • Index of Giants
        • Newspaper Accounts of Giants
        • Lanier's A Book of Giants
      • Science and History >
        • Halley on Noah's Comet
        • The Newport Tower
        • Iron: The Stone from Heaven
        • Ararat and the Ark
        • Pyramid Facts and Fancies
        • Argonauts before Homer
        • The Deluge
        • Crown Prince Rudolf on the Pyramids
        • Old Mythology in New Apparel
        • Blavatsky on Dinosaurs
        • Teddy Roosevelt on Bigfoot
        • Devil Worship in France
        • Maspero's Review of Akhbar al-zaman
        • The Holy Grail as Lucifer's Crown Jewel
        • The Mutinous Sea
        • The Rock Wall of Rockwall
        • Fabulous Zoology
        • The Origins of Talos
        • Mexican Mythology
        • Chinese Pyramids
        • Maqrizi's Names of the Pharaohs
      • Extreme History >
        • Roman Empire Hoax
        • American Antiquities
        • American Cataclysms
        • England, the Remnant of Judah
        • Historical Chronology of the Mexicans
        • Maspero on the Predynastic Sphinx
        • Vestiges of the Mayas
        • Ragnarok: The Age of Fire and Gravel
        • Origins of the Egyptian People
        • The Secret Doctrine >
          • Volume 1: Cosmogenesis
          • Volume 2: Anthropogenesis
        • Phoenicians in America
        • The Electric Ark
        • Traces of European Influence
        • Prince Henry Sinclair
        • Pyramid Prophecies
        • Templars of Ancient Mexico
        • Chronology and the "Riddle of the Sphinx"
        • The Faith of Ancient Egypt
        • Spirit of the Hour in Archaeology
        • Book of the Damned
        • Great Pyramid As Noah's Ark
        • Richard Shaver's Proofs
    • Alien Encounters >
      • US Government Ancient Astronaut Files >
        • Fortean Society and Columbus
        • Inquiry into Shaver and Palmer
        • The Skyfort Document
        • Whirling Wheels
        • Denver Ancient Astronaut Lecture
        • Soviet Search for Lemuria
        • Visitors from Outer Space
        • Unidentified Flying Objects (Abstract)
        • "Flying Saucers"? They're a Myth
        • UFO Hypothesis Survival Questions
        • Air Force Academy UFO Textbook
        • The Condon Report on Ancient Astronauts
        • Atlantis Discovery Telegrams
        • Ancient Astronaut Society Telegram
        • Noah's Ark Cables
        • The Von Daniken Letter
        • CIA Psychic Probe of Ancient Mars
        • Scott Wolter Lawsuit
        • UFOs in Ancient China
        • CIA Report on Noah's Ark
        • CIA Noah's Ark Memos
        • Congressional Ancient Aliens Testimony
        • Ancient Astronaut and Nibiru Email
        • Congressional Ancient Mars Hearing
        • House UFO Hearing
      • Ancient Extraterrestrials >
        • Premodern UFO Sightings
        • The Moon Hoax
        • Inhabitants of Other Planets
        • Blavatsky on Ancient Astronauts
        • The Stanzas of Dzyan (Hoax)
        • Aerolites and Religion
        • What Is Theosophy?
        • Plane of Ether
        • The Adepts from Venus
      • A Message from Mars
      • Saucer Mystery Solved?
      • Orville Wright on UFOs
      • Interdimensional Flying Saucers
      • Flying Saucers Are Real
      • Report on UFOs
    • The Supernatural >
      • The Devils of Loudun
      • Sublime and Beautiful
      • Voltaire on Vampires
      • Demonology and Witchcraft
      • Thaumaturgia
      • Bulgarian Vampires
      • Religion and Evolution
      • Transylvanian Superstitions
      • Defining a Zombie
      • Dread of the Supernatural
      • Vampires
      • Werewolves and Vampires and Ghouls
      • Science and Fairy Stories
      • The Cursed Car
    • Classic Fiction >
      • Lucian's True History
      • Some Words with a Mummy
      • The Coming Race
      • King Solomon's Mines
      • An Inhabitant of Carcosa
      • The Xipéhuz
      • Lot No. 249
      • The Novel of the Black Seal
      • The Island of Doctor Moreau
      • Pharaoh's Curse
      • Edison's Conquest of Mars
      • The Lost Continent
      • Count Magnus
      • The Mysterious Stranger
      • The Wendigo
      • Sredni Vashtar
      • The Lost World
      • The Red One
      • H. P. Lovecraft >
        • Dagon
        • The Call of Cthulhu
        • History of the Necronomicon
        • At the Mountains of Madness
        • Lovecraft's Library in 1932
      • The Skeptical Poltergeist
      • The Corpse on the Grating
      • The Second Satellite
      • Queen of the Black Coast
      • A Martian Odyssey
    • Classic Genre Movies
    • Miscellaneous Documents >
      • The Balloon-Hoax
      • A Problem in Greek Ethics
      • The Migration of Symbols
      • The Gospel of Intensity
      • De Profundis
      • The Life and Death of Crown Prince Rudolf
      • The Bathtub Hoax
      • Crown Prince Rudolf's Letters
      • Position of Viking Women
      • Employment of Homosexuals
      • James Dean's Love Letters
      • The Amazing James Dean Hoax!
    • Free Classic Pseudohistory eBooks
  • About Jason
    • Biography
    • Jason in the Media
    • Contact Jason
    • About JasonColavito.com
    • Terms and Conditions
  • Search