The Providence Journal ran an article July 6 discussing the controversy over the Narragansett Rune Stone (NRS), a rune-covered rock that had been located for many years off the coast of Rhode Island before vanishing last year. It was the subject on an episode of America Unearthed. The rock was recently recovered, and now it is undergoing testing to determine the age of its carvings, which include the variant-A rune in the shape of an X with a little bar perpendicular to the upper right stave that forensic geologist Scott Wolter has termed “The Hooked X®” and registered as an official trademark. The article contains very little new information about the NRS except for the strong insinuation that local property owner and billionaire Heritage Foundation founder Timothy Mellon, a scion of the wealthy Mellon family, stole the stone because he mistakenly believed Rhode Island granted property owners rights to the rocks in the waters adjacent to their property. The article, of course, does not explicitly state Mellon was responsible, though it is the clear implication. While the stone was legally state property, there is no law criminalizing the removal of stones not protected as monuments or historical sites from state property, so charges are unlikely. Obviously, as a wealthy conservative, Mellon is clearly in on the conspiracy to suppress the truth about the sacred feminine in America. What interests me, however, is how staff writer Richard C. Dujardin depicted Scott Wolter: Though Wolter has come under fire from critics who see his theories as over the edge, he is considered an expert by many on the subject of runestones, having produced documentaries for the History Channel and written two books. This is what I’ve tried to say about the legitimizing power of television; the very fact that Wolter has a TV show (on H2, actually) gives him prima facie credibility that outweighs even the most serious of criticisms in the court of public opinion. On the plus side, by The Providence Journal standards, I’m an expert on UFOs, pyramids, aliens, and world mythology. The legitimizing power of television then lets Wolter say things like the following, about the alleged marriage of Jesus and Mary Magdalene, their imaginary offspring, and the Knights Templar’s knowledge of the same—all more or less without challenge: Wolter says there is little doubt that the Knights Templar, facing suppression by church authorities, would have wanted to escape — even if it meant traveling across an unchartered ocean. Where does one even begin unpacking all the wrongness in this brief passage? Wolter might have “little doubt,” but there is no evidence to support his assertion, especially since we know where many of the Knights Templar ended up after the suppression of the order, including the Knights of St. John (the Hospitallers)—by papal decree no less!—and the Knights of Christ in Portugal and Order of Montessa in Spain. Given that outside the immediate leadership of the order and outside of France, there were virtually no convictions of Templar members, there just isn’t much room for an imaginary flight from Europe by ship. The claim rests on two foundations. The first is that several thousand Templars in France who must have existed cannot be easily accounted for. Many historians believe that they fled to Switzerland, which experienced a sudden florescence of military prowess that cannot easily be explained without an influx of Templars. (Funny how that medieval mystery fails to interest conspiracy theorists.) The second foundation is a single Latin line from “Frater Iohannis de civitate Cathalanensi” (Jean de Châlons), a Templar serving brother, as preserved in the summary of his testimony under interrogation during the Templar dissolution: Item dixit, quod potentes ordinis prescientes istam confusionem fugiunt et ipse obviavit fratri Girardo de Villariis ducenti quinquaginta equos, et audivit dici, quod intravit mare cum XVIII galeis, et frater Hugo de Cabilone fugiit cum tot thesauro fratris Hugonis de Peraudo. Interrogatus, quomodo potuit tandiu istud factum teneri secretum, respondit, quod nullus pro aliqua re erat ausus revelare, nisi papa et rex aperuissent viam, quia, si sciretur in ordine, quod aliquis loqueretur, statim fuisset mortuus. It’s funny that very few books about the Templar “mysteries” quote this. Note carefully that the transcript clearly delineates the claim about the eighteen galleys as secondhand hearsay. Jean de Châlons did not witness the galleys, nor even hear of them from Gerard de Villiers himself; he claimed it secondhand or farther removed from mere rumor. And we are getting it at yet another remove from the records of his interrogation.
Jean de Châlons, however, made up many other claims of even more ridiculous provenance, and his assertion of eighteen galleys flies in the face of the facts, which record that the order with the greatest naval presence—the Hospitallers—had but four galleys to their name at the same time. This single line—the sole source for Scott Wolter’s imaginary voyage of the Templars—is simply a wild rumor repeated under duress while on trial for his life. The entire myth of the Templar flight to America rests on this single reference in the testimony of a man being tortured for information, whose other claims were later proved false. Well, that’s still a little better than Wolter’s claims about Jesus. How, exactly, would teaching “the ancient mysteries” be a “threat” to the Romans? As laid out in the Gospels—which are of questionable historical value to begin with—the Romans killed Jesus because he was causing disruptions among the Jewish subject populations of Judaea. The Romans, and I’m not sure I can make this clear enough, absolutely LOVED the Mysteries. Not only could they not get enough of them, they actively went looking for more Mysteries to import to Rome, including the Mysteries of (alphabetically) Attis, Cybele, Dionysus, Isis, Mithras, Orpheus, Sabazius, and Serapis—just for starters. Outside of Rome, there were special Mysteries so sacred they could only be performed in their cult centers, including the Samothracian Mysteries and, of course, above all the Eleusinian Mysteries. Several Roman emperors traveled to Eleusis to be initiated into the Mysteries, right down to Julian the Apostate. In the relevant period, right before Jesus, Sulla, Cicero, Marc Antony, and quite possibly Julius Caesar all entered the Eleusinian Mysteries. The emperor at Jesus’ birth, Augustus, was also an initiate, having entered the Mysteries to celebrate his defeat of Antony. In fact, the early emperors considered entry into the Mysteries to be a shortcut to becoming a god since the cleansing of the Mysteries and the subsequent grant of eternal life paved the way for senatorial ratification of their divinity. This is not the behavior of people who hated the Mysteries or were threatened by them. What the Romans didn’t like was individuals who threatened the authority of the state or who refused to accept the suzerainty of the Roman gods. But that isn’t Scott Wolter’s claim, so it’s not relevant to our inquiry today. In short, Scott Wolter knows not whereof he speaks. As Wittgenstein said, “Whereof one cannot speak, thereof one must be silent.”
81 Comments
Conor
7/8/2013 12:37:51 pm
I'm curious as to why you think the Gospels are of "questionable" historical value. The documents as a whole? Or particular parts?
Reply
7/8/2013 01:04:42 pm
I said the synoptic gospels were of questionable historical value because they contain a great deal of material that cannot be proved true, which in turn calls into question other assertions. The birth narrative is of course the most famous example, though also the infancy and resurrection narratives. While historians generally credit the overall depiction of Jesus' adulthood and his teachings, any one specific incident or claim has generated mountains of paper arguing for or against its authenticity.
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Christopher Randolph
7/8/2013 04:30:02 pm
"that the vast majority of scholars"
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Conor
7/9/2013 02:49:15 am
No, when I say the vast majority of scholars, I mean credentialed Christian AND secular historians. This tired argument that there is some cadre of historians who disbelieve the existence of the historical Jesus of Nazareth is really getting old. Just saying something is true does not make it true.
Christopher Randolph
7/9/2013 03:24:33 am
" the Gospels contain a slew of cultural, geographical, biographical references"
Conor
7/9/2013 03:43:12 am
You are incorrectly applying your modern view/standard of literature to something that was written two millenia ago. The genre of prose fiction (a la Sherlock Holmes and A Tale of Two Cities) simply didn't exist. As Geoff already suggested below, the Gospels have to be evaluated in the context of other historical works of the time. 7/9/2013 03:45:18 am
There were fictional stories written at the time. Lucian's "True History" (presented as a "historical" account of a Greek voyage to the moon) is just one example.
Conor
7/9/2013 03:58:41 am
Your point is taken, though Lucian wrote this a century or more after the Gospels, depending on when you date them. To quote from Lucian's introduction to 'True History' (or 'True Story'): "My subject is, then, what I have neither seen, experienced, nor been told, what neither exists nor could conceivably do so. I humbly solicit my readers' incredulity." Lucian is not trying to pass this off as real.
Christopher Randolph
7/9/2013 04:07:47 am
No Callirhoe? No Satyricon? I also find it funny that you needed to write that there was no 'prose fiction' when it so happens that there were reams upon reams of epic fictional poems, as well as fictionalized legendary 'histories' of actual figures with gross exaggeration and folk additions, from which a good many NT stories are clearly drawn.
Christopher Randolph
7/9/2013 04:11:28 am
"Chariton of Aphrodisias was the author of an ancient Greek novel probably titled Callirhoe... Recent evidence of fragments of the text on papyri suggests that the novel may have been written in the mid 1st century AD, making it the oldest surviving complete ancient prose romance..." 7/8/2013 12:38:03 pm
FWIW, technically, Jesus was killed by his own people, because they were afraid his rebellious talks would usurp their power and control through the temple. They merely used the Roman system to do it, because they were not allowed to do it themselves.
Reply
7/8/2013 01:05:27 pm
You're right. I should have said "The Romans, at the behest of the Jewish leadership..."
Reply
7/8/2013 01:34:13 pm
Yep, the point of Pilate washing his hands is that he considered Jesus innocent of any crime against Rome, but to appease the jewish leadership he did what they wanted. 7/8/2013 01:47:01 pm
I am aware of it; but I don't give much credence to Cassius Dio's accounts of various prodigies and miracles either. My point was only that--as you note--it requires verification from multiple lines of evidence to say that what is reported in an ancient text actually happened the way they said it did. 7/8/2013 03:21:42 pm
Fortunately there are plenty (subjective term) of other histories, autobiographies, etc which give us an idea of what the ANE people considered important in a historical record. Just as people 2000 years from now will be able to look at our books and say "so that's how they did it..". We have text books on letter writing and so forth from the day too, so we can be reasonably sure what they were communicating, how and why. There's plenty of secular and non secular literature on the subject. Dissenters are few and far between these days.
Gary
7/8/2013 03:59:52 pm
Are there any examples of Rome executing a person at the "behest" of the Jews outside of the Gospels? My understanding is that Pilate washing his hands was more of a political nod to the Romans who were very much still in power and were known to execute anyone who contested their authority such as claiming to be a king.
Christopher Randolph
7/8/2013 04:32:40 pm
"the point of Pilate washing his hands is that he considered Jesus innocent of any crime against Rome, but to appease the jewish leadership he did what they wanted." 7/8/2013 04:38:24 pm
Gary,
Christopher Randolph
7/8/2013 07:07:30 pm
Mr. Gummer -
Christopher Randolph
7/8/2013 07:08:05 pm
Mr. Gummer - 7/8/2013 08:41:19 pm
You know, Mr Randolph, that anyone can pull out random "dissenters" - these people are the Scott Wolters of biblical studies (although probably more highly qualified). Fact is, their objections and arguments have been more than adequately dealt with by greater minds than mine.. I can find some for you if you dont wish to google it for yourself. Its something like people taking Dawkins as a serious philosopher because he makes some outlandish claims about the existence of God in a few books.. in fact, the very thing that the good Mr C has mentioned in this passage.
Christopher Randolph
7/9/2013 01:58:59 am
No one's talking about Dawkins nor about anything other than what was typed.
Geoff Gummer
7/10/2013 08:55:05 am
Mr Randolph,
Gary
7/10/2013 03:44:40 pm
Geoff,
Geoff Gummer
7/10/2013 04:39:30 pm
Gary,
Gary
7/11/2013 12:33:23 am
Geoff, what I meant was that the writers wrote that as a nod to the Romans, not that Pilate was doing it for that reason. The anonymous writer was taking the blame of what the Romans did and put it at the feet of the Jews. From everything I've read, this scene would be against everything known about both Roman and Jewish culture at the time. I don't know who these commenters are that you refer to, but the scholar who I have read, who can read Hebrew and Greek and have studied the history of the area and time, consider the New Testament to be a historical book, not a history book. Only Bible literalists think that.
titus pullo
7/8/2013 03:06:25 pm
I don't think the Romans considered Jesus during his life as a threat..in fact I'm sure he wasn't even mentioned in Rome...post life...until Christians were considered a threat to Roman authority..after all Romans were the most open to new religions or at least tolerant of them as long as they did not question Roman Govt.
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titus pullo
7/8/2013 03:09:34 pm
Speaking of Rome...what is the evidence of the supposed missing Roman legion after Crassius (spell?) defeat in his private military expedition to Parthia..there was some article in the Guardian a few years back that the Parthians took the captured Romans and moved them to central asia as defenders from the Huns..and later they moved to Western China and married natives...that seems pretty far out there..
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Dave Lewis
7/8/2013 06:01:01 pm
Assuming the earliest gospel was written about 30 years after the death of Jesus (we can argue about that if you like), I find it hard to believe that the details as enumerated in the passion narratives are accurate.
Reply
7/8/2013 06:16:54 pm
They are accurate according to 1st C recordings of history. That is, they didnt follow the 20th/21st C literary standards of recording history. Understanding that helps us understand which bits are which. The idea that this kind of criticism hasnt occurred to textual critics over the last 1500 years or more is a bit, well, naive (no offence intended).
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Uncle Ron
7/9/2013 02:58:22 pm
DL: 7/9/2013 04:01:01 pm
Uncle Ron,
Dave Lewis
7/9/2013 04:58:21 pm
"The idea that this kind of criticism hasnt [SIC} occurred to textual critics over the last 1500 years or more is a bit, well, naive (no offence [SIC] intended)."
Geoff Gummer
7/9/2013 05:05:16 pm
Dave,
Christopher Randolph
7/10/2013 03:30:02 am
"They are accurate according to 1st C recordings of history"
Geoff Gummer
7/10/2013 09:09:54 am
Mr Randolph,
Christopher Randolph
7/10/2013 11:35:23 am
Mr. Gummer -
Geoff Gummer
7/10/2013 11:41:38 am
Mr Randolph,
Uncle Ron
7/10/2013 05:07:27 pm
Thanks, Geoff. That (link) is why I am hesitant to say that I am an atheist - the tern has so much baggage. So many people assume atheists are all a bunch of wackos who want to take "In God We Trust" off the money (I don't care) and lead the world down the rosy path to hell (I consider myself to be a moral person). My lack of belief is decades old and carefully considered even while I admit that I might be wrong. (Despite what I've been told so often by believers, nobody really "knows" - in the final estimate it's all faith.)
Geoff Gummer
7/10/2013 11:34:19 pm
Uncle Ron,
Christopher Randolph
7/11/2013 07:58:21 am
"I dont recall saying anything about them being contradictory - and if they were, what difference would it made?"
Steve St Clair
7/11/2013 11:20:37 am
Geoff Gummer,
Christopher Randolph
7/12/2013 04:25:59 am
"Yes, his awareness of something makes it factual. His lack of awareness of something makes it fiction." 7/8/2013 07:20:24 pm
Well, thank God Scott Wolter showed up on your blog again. It was getting boring in here. Now you've got some hate going!
Reply
7/8/2013 11:49:20 pm
So, first you say that what I wrote was correct and then you complain that it was not? In France, which is virtually the only place where convictions occurred, 135 or so were burned at the stake. That's out of an estimated 900 imprisoned in Paris alone. Outside of this, there were few executions. So, you have 135 against a total population in the thousands. Since those thousands, as I said, were not in immediate danger of death and are known to have continued on (for the most part) in various other orders, there isn't much room outside of France for the "flight of the Templars." In France, as, again, I discussed, the entirety of the ship story depends on one bit of Latin, which, again, you do not challenge. So, I conclude therefore that you are simply trolling.
Reply
7/9/2013 05:21:21 pm
You wrote, "Given that outside the immediate leadership of the order, there were virtually no convictions of Templar members, who continued on with their lives, there just isn’t much room for an imaginary flight from Europe." 7/9/2013 11:41:15 pm
You're snarky tone and implication that I am intentionally fabricating is growing tiresome. I notice that you fail to apply to me the generosity of spirit you'd like me to give to everyone else. I'll modify the sentence to reflect the information above, but for you to imply that I somehow make things up--all while failing to address substantively any of the actual main points of my post, about the scanty evidence for any sea-voyage--smacks of the type of undisguised hostility you try to impute to me.
Tara Jordan
7/10/2013 03:53:17 am
Jason.Why Don't you tell this congenital idiot to get lost?.This is your blog,you are not supposed to endure his insanity.
B L
7/10/2013 05:52:19 am
Jason, 7/10/2013 05:56:25 am
I wasn't even trying to make a leap; I only wanted to say that so far as records show, the persecution was fairly confined in time and space, restricting the room available to insert 18 galleys of Templar fugitives into the historical record. But even if thousands were in flight (as I mentioned, to Switzerland or Scotland), it doesn't change the fact that the 18 galleys launching into the ocean is one single person's secondhand rumor. Nor even if they did launch (as doubtful as it seems) does it prove that they went to America instead of the more logical grounds of Scotland. 7/10/2013 05:59:36 am
Tara - I try not to restrict who posts here, nor could I really stop him except by manually deleting every post. In general, I prefer to counter bad ideas with good ideas rather than suppressing those with which I disagree.
Christopher Randolph
7/9/2013 01:49:05 am
Germany and Italy weren't political units at the time.
Reply
7/9/2013 01:55:41 am
To be fair, they were geographic expressions often used as catch-alls. That still doesn't explain how the lack of executions implies that the Templars fled to America; indeed, I pointed out myself that historians think many who fled went to Switzerland, though I also left out (because it wasn't really relevant) claims that they went to the excommunicated lands in Scotland, etc. In sum, you need a lot more evidence to get from "they weren't tried" to "they fled across the Atlantic."
Christopher Randolph
7/9/2013 02:15:16 am
What I meant was that it was less than accurate to depict Germany and Italy having made what were political decisions as units in the 14th century. If St. Clair is going to speculate wildly that should probably include political units that existed in the century.
james
7/10/2013 04:43:55 am
So Steve had access to the same facts as you, and essentially draws the same conclusion about only the Templar leadership being executed; but because of the way you worded your post, he feels the need to whip out his e-peen and ejaculate his Templar library all over the place.
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Gunn Sinclair
7/10/2013 06:38:17 am
From "An Illustrated History of the Knights Templar," by James Wasserman, page164:
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Keith
7/11/2013 12:14:13 am
So Gunn, who came to America? Was it a gang of swaggering Norsemen, out to claim some nice new land? Was it a desperate galley of fleeing Templars? Was it the bloodline descendent of Jesus of Nazareth?
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Gunn
7/11/2013 04:29:23 am
"It wasn't too long ago that you were dismissing the Templars as wholly unlikely in favor of Vikings."
Keith
7/11/2013 05:49:04 am
I'm using "vikings" as a generalized term for Norsemen, but you and Steve do love your semantics, dont you?
Gunn
7/12/2013 07:24:43 am
The large statue of Big Ole the Viking, in Alexandria, MN, has emblazoned across his chest:
Paul Cargile
7/11/2013 02:50:13 am
It's also possible they created advanced rockets and founded a colony on the moon. We can almost do that now, so why not the Templars?
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Only Me
7/10/2013 08:46:59 am
Steve, are you bipolar? Here's the basis for my question:
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Tara Jordan
7/10/2013 09:42:50 am
Excellent résumé,but what do you expect from an egomaniacal grown up man who behaves like a 14 yr old suffering from delusion of grandeur.St Clair takes the Da Vinci Code as a source of inspiration.In St Clair`s world, the Da Vinci Code is a scientific document.I may be "vehemently vile" (according to Gunn Sinclair) but I don't even feel sorry for the someone who pretends to be part of a "special bloodline".The Ku Klux Klan rednecks also hold the same type of belief. St Clair`s entire life is a monument to stupidity.
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Only Me
7/10/2013 03:01:36 pm
Thank you, Tara. I try hard to not engage in non-relevant commentary, per Jason's request, but I feel I must call out such blatant double standards.
Tara Jordan
7/11/2013 02:41:13 am
Gunn
7/11/2013 05:04:06 am
One thing I've discovered about this blog is that some visiting here have a remarkable capacity for researching. Jason is good at researching, especially for original documents.
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Gunn
7/11/2013 05:04:49 am
http://www.hallmarkemporium.com/discoveries/id25.html
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Uncle Ron
7/11/2013 06:35:44 am
Gunn. re. your link (& not trying to be crass):
Gunn
7/12/2013 08:44:53 am
Let's be nice, Uncle Ron. What we have here with the lichen is a symbiotic relationship in which each specie's benefits are mutualistic. I thought it was odd, too, until I studied lichens. Lichens within roots are common.
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Gunn
7/12/2013 09:05:38 am
You can see that the object was formed with heat and then struck with a die. It was worked to perform a task or tasks.
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Only Me
7/12/2013 09:37:23 pm
Gunn, I have to agree with Uncle Ron on this one. The item in the last photo of the original five looks nothing like the others. The previous close up shots shows the object to have a conical shape. The last close up resembles a fossilized theropod dinosaur tooth still attached to a fragment of the jawbone.
Uncle Ron
7/12/2013 04:47:31 pm
Gunn
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Gunn
7/13/2013 06:22:53 am
You are wrong, Uncle Ron. Seeing is believing in this case. I added 10 more pictures, so you can see the object from all angles. Included is a photo or two showing lichen. My guess is that there is a symbiotic relationship going on with the metal, as well as with the tree roots and lichen. Lichen grows on metal. So, lichen grows on metal and within tree roots. Plus, anyone can see the greenish lichen in a few photos. By the way, the lichen became dry and powdery in the air and came off. 7/12/2013 01:20:50 pm
That's not how it works in this crowd, Gunn. This bunch wait for you to prove that it's real. Then they swarm in and examine it so they can take a little morsel of credit for it. In the meantime, they crap all over it.
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Tara Jordan
7/14/2013 02:20:39 pm
His majesty of special bloodline something.
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Jay
10/2/2013 10:57:42 am
Holy geez, the more I read comments on this blog the more I see your name and you raging...For heavens sake man (generally speaking and no gender association intended), take a deep breath before you have a stroke lol. 7/14/2013 11:32:03 am
I am on Jason's side in this argument. Even to the extent to say I do believe in the scared feminine.
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Rev. Phil Gotsch
8/14/2013 05:19:54 pm
There is a LOT of speculation going on around here ... and so frequently, the habit is to claim one's OWN speculation as "the truth" ...
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Rev. Phil Gotsch
9/17/2013 02:17:53 pm
It's quiet here ...
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Black Hole
12/8/2013 07:05:10 pm
Jason has admitted in other posts that he doesn't do any field work and everything he discredits comes from some published work of his own or published work of another. It's all about whats in the good ole textbooks of history. If it's not there or written down on some document then it never happened or couldn't have happened differently. I supposed if he lost his birth certificate he would argue he was never born.
Reply
12/8/2013 10:45:24 pm
How, may I ask, does one learn about Templar history without consulting "published" work? That is, after all, where Scott Wolter got his ideas.
Reply
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